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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atrophic gastritis as a cause of hyperhomocysteinaemia (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. It is often related to low levels of vitamin B12 and/or folate, enzymatic co-factors of methionine metabolism. Atrophic gastritis, often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, may impair vitamin absorption.Aim : To assess whether the presence of atrophic gastritis is associated with hyperhomocysteinaemia via deficiency of its vitamin co-factors.Methods : Thirty-one patients with atrophic gastritis were recruited. The control group consisted of 28 patients with non-atrophic gastritis, matched with patients for sex, age and body mass index. The presence and degree of gastric atrophy were assessed by histology. H. pylori infection was assessed by histology/serology. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folates.Results : Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that atrophic gastritis (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–25.26; χ2 = 5.2; P = 0.01) and low vitamin B12 (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–22.08; χ2 = 3.6; P 〈 0.05) were both predictors of hyperhomocysteinaemia. None of the other variables considered in the analysis, including H. pylori status, showed a significant association with hyperhomocysteinaemia.Conclusions : The present study suggests that atrophic gastritis, rather than H. pylori infection per se, may be a contributing factor to hyperhomocysteinaemia, possibly via vitamin B12 malabsorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01820.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moxifloxacin-based strategies for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Standard anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy may not achieve a satisfactory eradication rate. Fluoroquinolones, such as moxifloxacin, are safe and promising agents for H. pylori eradication.Aim : To compare the efficacy of two 1-week moxifloxacin-based H. pylori eradication regimens with two standard treatments.Methods : Three hundred and twenty H. pylori-positive subjects were randomized into four groups to receive: moxifloxacin, amoxicillin, esomeprazole (Group MAE); moxifloxacin, tinidazole and esomeprazole (Group MTE); standard triple therapies with clarithromycin, amoxicillin and esomeprazole (Group CAE) or tinidazole (Group CTE) for 7 days. H. pylori status was re-assessed 6 weeks after the end of therapy by 13C urea breath test.Results : Three hundred and twenty patients completed the efficacy analysis per protocol; H. pylori eradication rate in group MTE was 90% (72 of 80) and 92% (72 of 78), in group MAE was 88% (70 of 80) and 89%, (70 of 79) in Group CAE was 73% (58 of 80) and 78% (58 of 74), and in Group CTE was 75% (60 of 80) and 79% (60 of 76), respectively, in intention-to-treat and in per protocol analyses. Eradication rates of moxifloxacin-based triple therapies were significantly higher than that observed using standard triple schemes. The incidence of side effects was significantly lower in moxifloxacin groups than in control groups.Conclusions : Seven-day moxifloxacin-based triple therapies provide optimal eradication rates with a good compliance when compared with the standard triple therapy schemes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02412.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High efficacy of 1-week doxycycline- and amoxicillin-based quadruple regimen in a culture-guided, third-line treatment approach for 〈fr〉Helicobacter pylori〈/fr〉 infection (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Helicobacter pylori infection may persist after both first- and second-line current treatments.Aim : To assess the efficacy of a third-line, culture-guided treatment approach for the eradication of H. pylori.Methods : Patterns of resistance were analysed in H. pylori isolates from 94 consecutive patients in whom H. pylori infection had persisted after two eradication attempts. Using the epsilometer test, susceptibility analysis was performed for amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and levofloxacin. Patients were then treated with a culture-guided, third-line regimen: 89 patients with a 1-week quadruple regimen including omeprazole, bismuth, doxycycline and amoxicillin, and five patients with a 1-week triple regimen containing omeprazole, amoxicillin and levofloxacin or clarithromycin.Results : Ninety-four subjects (100%) were resistant to metronidazole, 89 (95%) to clarithromycin, 29 (31%) to levofloxacin and five (5%) to tetracycline. No resistance to amoxicillin was found in any patient. Overall, H. pylori eradication was obtained in 90% of subjects. The quadruple regimen was effective in 81 patients (92% by per protocol and 91% by intention-to-treat analysis). Four patients (80%, both per protocol and intention-to-treat analysis) were H. pylori-negative after the triple regimen.Conclusions : A culture-guided, third-line therapeutic approach is effective for the eradication of H. pylori. Furthermore, the 1-week doxycycline- and amoxicillin-based quadruple regimen is a good third-line ‘rescue’ treatment option.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01910.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-methacetin breath test for monitoring hepatic function in cirrhotic patients before and after liver transplantation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01824.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levofloxacin-based triple therapy vs. quadruple therapy in second-line Helicobacter pylori treatment: a randomized trial (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Levofloxacin has been shown to be effective in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Two 10-day levofloxacin-based triple therapies were compared with standard 7- and 14-day quadruple regimens in second-line treatment.Methods : Two hundred and eighty consecutive patients who failed to respond to standard triple therapy (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, rabeprazole) were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) levofloxacin 500 mg o.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.d., rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. for 10 days (LAR, n = 70); (2) levofloxacin 500 mg o.d., tinidazole 500 mg b.d., rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. for 10 days (LTR, n = 70); (3) tetracycline 500 mg q.d.s., metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s., bismuth salt 120 mg q.d.s., rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. for 7 days (7TMBR, n = 70); and (4) for 14 days (14TMBR, n = 70). Helicobacter pylori status and side-effects were assessed 6 weeks after treatment.Results : The eradication rate was 94% in the LAR group and 90% in the LTR group in both intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses. Helicobacter pylori eradication was achieved in 63 and 69% of the 7TMBR group and in 69 and 80% of the 14TMBR group in intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis, respectively. Side-effects were significantly lower in the LAR and LTR groups than in the 14TMBR group.Conclusion : Ten-day levofloxacin-based therapies are better than standard quadruple regimens as second-line option for H. pylori eradication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01676.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mono, dual and triple moxifloxacin-based therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Moxifloxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone with single daily administration, currently used, above all, for respiratory tract infections.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To compare the efficacy of different 1-week moxifloxacin-based Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:One hundred and twenty H. pylori-positive subjects were randomized to receive moxifloxacin (400 mg/day), moxifloxacin (400 mg/day) and lansoprazole (30 mg/day) or moxifloxacin (400 mg/day), lansoprazole (30 mg/day) and clarithromycin (500 mg b.d.). H. pylori status was reassessed 6 weeks after the end of therapy, and both intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses were performed.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:One hundred and nineteen of the 120 patients completed the study. H. pylori eradication was achieved in 22.5% of patients treated with moxifloxacin, in 33.3% of subjects treated with moxifloxacin and lansoprazole and in 90% of patients treated with moxifloxacin, clarithromycin and lansoprazole.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Mono and dual moxifloxacin-based therapies are not acceptable for H. pylori eradication; conversely, moxifloxacin-based triple therapy may be considered as a new, effective, first-line therapy option.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01165.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breath testing for human liver function assessment (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Carbon-labelled breath tests were proposed as tools for the evaluation of human liver function 30 years ago, but have never become part of clinical routine. One reason for this is the complex role of the liver in metabolic regulation, making it difficult to provide essential information for the management of patients with liver disease with a single test and to satisfy the hepatology community. As a result, a battery of breath tests have been developed. Depending on the test compound administered, different metabolic pathways (microsomal, cytosolic, mitochondrial) can be examined. Most available data come from microsomal function tests, whilst information about cytosolic and mitochondrial liver function is more limited. However, breath tests have shown promise in some studies, in particular to predict the outcome of patients with chronic liver disease or to monitor hepatic function after treatment. Whilst we await new substrates that can be used to measure liver function in a more valid manner, and large prospective studies to assess the usefulness of available test compounds, the aim of this review is to describe how far we have come in this controversial and unresolved issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01374.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacillus clausii therapy to reduce side-effects of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Helicobacter pylori eradication fails in about 10% of patients, particularly because of the occurrence of resistance to antibiotics and side-effects. During anti-H. pylori therapy, probiotics have been successfully used to reduce the incidence of side-effects.Aim : To evaluate the effect of Bacillus clausii, a probiotic, on incidence (primary variable) and severity of antibiotic-associated side-effects during anti-H. pylori therapy.Methods : One hundred and twenty H. pylori-positive patients were randomly screened to receive: (i) a standard 7 days triple therapy with rabeprazole 20 mg b.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. and amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and B. clausii t.d.s. (each preparation containing 2 × 109 spores) for 14 days starting from the first day of treatment. (ii) The same 7 days triple therapy and placebo t.d.s. for 14 days starting from the first day of treatment. Side-effects were assessed using a validated questionnaire and were recorded for 4 weeks from the start of therapy.Results : The incidences of nausea, diarrhoea and epigastric pain in patients treated with B. clausii were significantly lower than in placebo group, in both PP and ITT analysis. Equally, intensity of nausea and diarrhoea in patients treated with B. clausii was significantly lower than in placebo group. There were no differences in adherence to treatment and H. pylori eradication rates between groups.Conclusion : In symptom-free, H. pylori-positive subjects B. clausii bacteriotherapy reduces the incidence of the most common side-effects related to anti-H. pylori antibiotic therapy compared with placebo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02274.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13 C-methacetin breath test and oxygen supply (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01786.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea can be attributed in part to imbalances in intestinal microflora. Therefore, probiotic preparations are used to prevent this diarrhoea. However, although several trials have been conducted, no conclusive evidence has been found of the efficacy of different preparations, e.g. Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces spp.Aim : To conduct a meta-analysis of the data in the literature on the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.Methods : A literature search was performed of electronic databases, Abstract Books and single paper references. Data were also obtained from the authors. Only placebo-controlled studies were included in the search. The Mantel–Haenszel test was used to estimate the relative risk for single studies and an overall combined relative risk, each study being submitted to the Mantel–Haenszel test for homogeneity.Results : Twenty-two studies matched the inclusion criteria. Only seven studies (881 patients) were homogeneous. The combined relative risk was 0.3966 (95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.57).Conclusions : The results suggest a strong benefit of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, but further data are needed. The evidence for beneficial effects is still not definitive. Published studies are flawed by the lack of a placebo design and by peculiar population features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01318.x
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