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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New bistable relays with gas-protected contacts
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 4 (1977), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-8853(77)90014-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of APP Processing Potential for the Therapeutical Reduction of Brain Amyloid Burden (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 777 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The role of brain amyloid in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is discussed controversially, but combined genetic and biochemical evidence points to a central role of the gene encoding the amyloid precursor APP in at least some forms of AD. This article proposes that preventing brain amyloid formation is a rational concept for drug treatment of AD. We suggest that pharmacologically active ligands for specific cell surface receptor subtypes—normally stimulated by neurotransmitters, growth factors, and cytokines—constitute a class of chemicals that might be useful to accelerate processing of APP into non-amyloidogenic, and biologically active, derivatives. This class of agents includes muscarinic m1 and m3 agonists, serotoninergic 5-HT2a and 5-HT2c agonists, glutamatergic mGluR1 agonists, as well as agonists for bradykinin and vasopressin receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34416.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral excess release of neurotransmitter amino acids subsequent to reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 75 (1989), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Dementia of Alzeimer type ; amino acids ; neurotoxic effect ; neuronal damage ; insulin receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A massive cerebral release of amino acids and ammonia was found in early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type. Aspartate and glycine were liberated in high concentrations, whereas glutamate remained rather unchanged. This excess cerebral protein catabolism is due to a 44% reduction in cerebral glucose metabolism. Whereas glutamate and other glucoplastic amino acids may substitute glucose, elevated aspartate may contribute to neuronal damage. The results are discussed with respect to a possible neuronal insulin/insulin receptor deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258634
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transentorhinal cortex of the African green monkey: a combined light- and electron-microscopic study of calcium-binding protein containing neurons (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 202 (2000), S. 143-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Neurodegeneration ; Entorhinal cortex ; Hippocampus ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The transentorhinal cortex (TEC) is a primate-specific transition zone between the entorhinal allocortex and the temporal isocortex. Neurons in the lamina pre-alpha of TEC are known to be the first to develop intraneuronal changes in the course of Alzheimer’s disease. In order to shed light on this important feature, we studied as yet unknown morphological and neurochemical characteristics of the TEC of the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). Using light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry, the distribution and morphology of neurons containing calcium-binding proteins were described and compared with those in the adjacent cortices. Light-microscopic analysis revealed that parvalbumin-containing neurons were distributed in all cortical layers. Calbindin-containing cells were fewer but also present in each layer. Calretinin-containing neurons were largely confined to the upper layers of the TEC. All three types of neuron showed pyramidal-like, multipolar and bipolar shapes; their dendrites were smooth or beaded. Ultrastructural studies revealed immunopositive somata with infolded nuclei and large amounts of cytoplasm. The somata were only sparsely innervated by symmetric synapses. Immunopositive dendrites were almost exclusively covered with immunonegative axon terminals establishing symmetric and asymmetric synapses. Immunopositive terminals established symmetric contacts with immunonegative dendrites and somata. Only occasionally, could synaptic contacts between immunopositive pre- and postsynaptic structures be observed. The comparison of neurons in the TEC and adjacent cortices revealed no striking differences. In summary, the morphological and neurochemical characteristics of TEC neurons as analyzed in our study do not provide an explanation for the early onset of neurodegenerative changes in the TEC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290000081
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryostat sections for coexistence studies and preembedding electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of central and peripheral nervous system tissue (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 92 (1989), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Perfusion-fixed tissue blocks were incubated in high molar sucrose solutions, shock frozen in melting isopentane, and sectioned on a conventional cryostat. Semithin sections (2–4 μm) alternatingly stained for parvalbumin and glutamate decarboxylase enabled us to demonstrate the coexistence of both antigens in the same cell. Thick sections (40 μm) of central and peripheral nervous system tissue were immunostained and processed for correlated light and electron microscopic studies. At the electron microscopic level, the preservation of ultrastructural features such as membranes and synaptic contacts was comparable to that normally seen in vibratome sectioned material. Hence, this technique can successfully be used for preembedding coexistence studies and electron microscopic preembedding immunocytochemistry when vibratome sectioning is problematic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00524757
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of synaptophysin in sprouting neurons after entorhinal lesion in the rat (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 117 (1997), S. 80-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Hippocampus ; Commissural fibers ; Reactive sprouting ; Synaptogenesis ; Synaptophysin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Expression of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin was studied in lesion-induced sprouting neurons of the contralateral entorhinal cortex and in the contralateral dentate gyrus using immunocytochemistry at the light- and electron-microscopic level. Perikaryal immunoreactivity for synaptophysin was found between 8 and 10 days postlesion. Light microscopy revealed that synaptophysin immunostaining was present in almost all neurons of layers II and III of the contralateral medial entorhinal cortex. These neurons give rise to the sprouting, crossed temporodentate pathway. In addition, some hilar neurons of the contralateral dentate gyrus, which are the parent cells of sprouting commissural fibers, were immunostained for synaptophysin. Transient immunostaining for synaptophysin was observed within cell bodies and dendrites. Additionally, the cell bodies were outlined by immunoreactive puncta, identified by electron microscopy as nerve terminals. Our results revealed that sprouting neurons express the major synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin during reactive synaptogenesis in a pattern that reflects biosynthesis and sorting of this protein as seen in developing neurons during synapse formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The alvear pathway of the rat hippocampus (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 286 (1996), S. 293-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin ; Anterograde tracing ; Entorhinal cortex ; Crossed temporo-ammonic pathway ; Crossed temporo-dentate pathway ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Neurons of the entorhinal cortex project to the hippocampus proper and dentate gyrus. This projection is called the ”perforant pathway” because it perforates the subiculum; current usage applies this term to all entorhino-hippocampal fibers. However, entorhinal fibers also reach Ammon’s horn via the alveus (”alvear pathway”), an alternative route first described by Cajal. The anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) was used in order to analyze the contribution of this pathway to the temporo-ammonic projection. In the temporal portion of the rat hippocampus, most of the entorhinal fibers reach Ammon’s horn after perforating the subiculum (classical perforant pathway). At more septal levels, the number of entorhinal fibers that take the alvear pathway increases; in the septal portion of the hippocampal formation, most of the entorhinal fibers to hippocampal subfield CA1 reach this subfield via the alveus. These fibers make sharp right-angle turns in the alveus, perforate the pyramidal cell layer, and finally terminate in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The crossed temporo-ammonic fibers reach their termination area in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1 almost exclusively via the alveus. These data indicate that the alveus is a major route by which entorhinal fibers reach their targets in CA1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050699
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impairments in passive avoidance learning after cerebral inhibition of cerebral glucose metabolism (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 1 (1989), S. 103-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312269
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intracerebroventriculary streptozotocin-treated rat: Impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism resembles the alterations of carbohydrate metabolism of the brain in Alzheimer's disease (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 1 (1989), S. 109-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312272
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streptozotocin increases free fatty acids and decreases phospholipids in rat brain (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 105 (1998), S. 1271-1281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Brain lipid metabolism ; free fatty acids ; phospholipids ; streptozotocin ; neurodegeneration ; animal model.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a diabetogenic drug that disrupts glucose and energy metabolism in brain. To study its effect on brain lipids, tissue concentrations of free fatty acids and phospholipids were measured in the temporal cortex and the hippocampus of adult rats 3 weeks after a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of STZ. STZ increased concentrations of palmitic acid and stearic acid in temporal cortex and these of arachidonic acid both in the anterior part of the hippocampus and in CA1. In addition, palmitic acid and stearic acid concentrations were elevated in the anterior hippocampus. In contrast, STZ decreased brain cortex levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. These data show that STZ alters brain lipid metabolism. They suggest that oxidative phospholipid breakdown is accelerated by STZ. These changes may be related to decreased brain glucose utilization and energy formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050130
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