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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attractant pheromone for male rice bug,Leptocorisa chinensis: Semiochemicals produced by both male and female (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1429-1437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Alydidae ; GC-EAD ; 2-(E)-octenyl acetate ; octanol ; 2-(E)-octenal ; 2-(E)-octenol ; octyl acetate ; 3-(Z)-octenyl acetate ; rice bug ; Leptocorisa chinensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract GC profiles of the airborne volatiles produced by adult males and females of the rice bug,L. chinensis showed no qualitative chemical dimorphism. However, GC-EAD experiments showed that eight of the compounds elicited strong responses in male and female antennae. Ruling out alarm pheromone and compounds that were not found in the whole-body extracts of the bugs, four compounds remained to be tested as possible attractants. In field experiments, the whole mixture or tertiary blends were not attractive: however, males were strongly attracted to a 5 : 1 mixture of 2-(E)-octenyl acetate and octanol. The attractancy of the binary mixture was decreased by the addition of 3-(Z)-octenyl actetate. Although the binary lure specifically attracted males, there was no evidence that it triggered any response of sexual behavior in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027722
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low genetic differentiation among populations ofArabis serrata (Brassicaceae) along an altitudinal gradient (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 106 (1993), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Allozyme diversity ; Altitudinal gradient ; Arabis serrata ; Brassicaceae ; Gene flow ; Genetic differentiation ; Mt. Fuji
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the extent of genetic differentiation among populations of fujihatazao,Arabis serrata along an altitudinal gradient at Mt. Fuji in Shizuoka Prefecture. This species is a perennial plant, widely distributed in Japan forming small isolated populations. However, at Mt. Fuji, this species constitutes a large population distributed from 1440 to 2400 m altitude. A total of 411 individuals were sampled from ten subpopulations. Eighteen loci were detected on eleven enzyme systems. Eleven loci were monomorphic and seven loci were polymorphic with a mean of 2.11 alleles per loci. Nei's genetic distance (mean 0.01) and genetic identity (mean 0.968) were very similar among populations indicating a low genetic differentiation. The total genetic diversity (H T ) estimated for the polymorphic loci was, in average, 0.396. The mean gene differentiation (GST=0.091) was very low. Gene frequency of seven polymorphic loci was analyzed by spatial autocorrelation methods based on Moran's indexes. Only Pgi-3 exhibited a significant negative autocorrelation (−0.160;P〈0.05); other loci values ranged from −0.134 to 0.027. Gene flow estimated by indirect methods varied between genes but most of the values were high (meanNm=20.8) suggesting that subpopulations at different altitudes are probably connected. Despite plants at different altitudes present different ecological traits (e.g., differences in phenology, growth and reproductive traits), subpopulations ofA. serrata are still low differentiated, at least for the loci studied. This may be explained by the recent origin of some habitats (e.g., second crater and surrounded areas) in this locality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344418
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allozyme diversity and the evolution ofSymplocos (Symplocaceae) on the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 107 (1994), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Allozyme ; Bonin Islands ; Oceanic islands ; Symplocos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To study the origin and speciation of plants in oceanic islands, electrophoretic analyses have been done on three endemic species ofSymplocos in the Bonin Islands as well as on three other species;S. kuroki, S. nakaharae andS. tanakae which are considered to be closely related to the Bonin endemics. There occur three species:S. kawakamii, S. pergracilis andS. boninensis in Bonin. The genusSymplocos is one which is considered to be diversified in the Bonin Islands. Seven enzyme systems presumed to be encoded by 18 loci were examined. The genetic diversity was low in the island species, as reported in some oceanic island plants of Hawaii and the Bonin Islands. The three endemics share high genetic identities and they clustered together in the tree drawn by the UPGMA method, suggesting that they are a monophyletic group, that is, they result from a single introduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344248
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stegobiol, a new sex pheromone component of drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1871-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; drugstore beetle ; Stegobium paniceum L. ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; stegobiol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract New sex pheromone component of femaleStegobium paniceum L. was isolated and identified as 2,3-dihydro-2,3,5-trimethyI-6-(1′-methyl-2′-hydroxybutyl)-4H-pyran-4-one, stegobiol, by spectral data and chemical conversion from stegobinone. Relative configuration at C-2, C-3, and C-1′ was determined as 2S,3R,1′S by the conversion from (2S,3R,1′R)-stegobinone. This new sex pheromone elicits the pheromonal response from the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013236
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifunctional communication inRiptortus clavatus (Heteroptera: Alydidae): Conspecific nymphs and egg parasitoidOoencyrtus nezarae use the same adult attractant pheromone as chemical cue (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 973-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Riptortus clavatus ; Ooencyrtus nezarae ; Alydidae ; Encyrtidae ; attractant pheromone ; aggregation pheromone ; kairomone ; (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate ; (E)-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate ; myristyl isobutyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bean bug,Riptortus clavatus lays scattered eggs (as opposed to the egg masses of pentatomids) on host as well as nonhost plants. Therefore, the first feeding stage (second-instar) nymphs emerging from eggs laid on nonhost plants need a signal that enables them to locate a food source at the lowest energy cost. Male-released (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate, and myristyl isobutyrate play the double role of attractant pheromone for adults as well as aggregation pheromone, which enables the second-instar nymphs to find the host food plant. These male-specific semiochemicals are released only when foodstuff is available. On the other hand, females ofOoencyrtus nezarae, the most effective parasitoid of the host in Kumamoto, Japan (where the field experiments were conducted), utilize these semiochemicals as kairomones in order to locate the potential host community. Field experiments revealed that the synthetic pheromone rivaled 10 live males in the attraction of adults and second-instar nymphs. Captures of the egg parasitoidO. nezarae females in cylindrical sticky traps were significantly higher in traps baited with the synthetic semiochemicals than in control traps. The number of females captured was significantly higher than the number of males, although the captures in the sticky suction trap system revealed that the populations of male and female were not significantly different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scarab beetleAnomala albopilosa albopilosa utilizes a more complex sex pheromone system than a similar speciesA. cuprea (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 2001-2010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; GC-EAD ; methyl benzoate ; 2-(E)-nonenal ; 2-(E)-nonenol ; (R, Z)-5-(−)-(oct-1-enyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Four compounds have been identified as sex pheromone constituents of the scarab beetleAnomala albopilosa albopilosa, namely (R, Z)-5-(−)-(oct-1-enyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one (buibuilactone), 2-(E)-nonenol, 2-(E)-nonenal, and methyl benzoate (in the ratio 10:3:3:1). The diel rhythm of pheromone release inA. a. albopilosa showed a peak at the beginning of the scotophase, which is also a peak of mating activity. On the other hand, the similar speciesA. cuprea utilizes a two-constituent sex pheromone, having a common major component, but the pheromone is released both during scoto-and photophase. Temporal difference in mating activity and pheromone release along with chemical diversity seem to form the basis for maintaining species specificity in pheromonal communication betweenA. a. albopilosa andA. cuprea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040091
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The scarab beetleAnomala albopilosa sakishimana utilizes the same sex pheromone blend as a closely related and geographically isolated species,Anomala cuprea (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1667-1676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; (R,Z)-5-(−)-oct-1-enyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one ; (R,Z)-5-(−)-(dec-1-enyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one ; (R,E)-5-(−)-(oct-1-enyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one ; Anomala albopilosa sakishimana ; Anomala octiescostata ; Anomala cuprea ; pheromone release ; GC-EAD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two components were identified in the sex pheromone system of the green chafter,Anomala albopilosa sakishimana Nomura: (R,Z)-5-(−)-(oct-1-enyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one (buibuilactone) and (R,Z)-5-(−)-(dec-1-enyl)oxyacyclopentan-2-one (japonilure), which have been previously identified as sex pheromone constituents ofA. cuprea andA. octiescostata. A female-specific minor component, (R,E)-5-(−)-(oct-1-enyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one, did not seem to be involved in pheromonal communication because it was not EAD active, but its role remained unclear. A synthetic blend of the two components captured significantly more beetles than any other treatments. Nevertheless, the fact that both the synthetic sex pheromone and field-captured female beetles were weak lures convinced us that the sex pheromone system may be only part of a complex communication system, probably involving plant volatiles. Although the sex pheromone was released during both the scotophase and photophase, there was an increase of 60% in the photophase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059888
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomone from dandelion,Taraxacum officinale, attractant for scarab beetleAnomala octiescostata (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1697-1704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: cis-3-Hexenyl acetate ; benzaldehyde ; phenylacetaldehyde ; benzyl alcohol ; phenethyl alcohol ; phenylacetonitrile ; benzyl benzoate ; anethol ; geraniol ; phenethyl propionate ; kairomone ; sex pheromone ; dandelion ; Taraxacum officionale ; Coleoptera ; Scarabidae ; Anomala oritescostata ; scarab beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The attraction of the scarab beetleAnomala octiescostata to dandelion,Taraxacum officinale, was demonstrated to be chemically mediated by a mixture ofcis-3-hexenyl acetate, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, phenylacetonitrile, and benzyl benzoate, in the ratio 4:8:14:3:5:19:11. Combination of the synthetic kairomone and sex pheromone (buibuilactone + japonilure, 8:2), significantly increased the total catches ofA. octiescostata. Catches of male (but not female) beetles were significantly higher with the kairomone-pheromone blend than with kairomone alone. The synergistic effect of the kairomone from dandelion on the attractiveness did not significantly differ from that of a food-type lure, anethol, geraniol, and phenethyl propionate (9:0.5:0.5). The latter combined with the synthetic sex pheromone resulted in better attraction of female (but not male)A. octiescostata than the sex pheromone alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059891
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of oriental beetle,Exomala orientalis: Identification and field evaluation (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1705-1718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Exomala orientalis ; Blitopertha orientalis ; Phyllopertha orientalis ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Oriental beetle ; 7-tetradecen-2-one ; 6-tetradecen-2-one ; 5-tetradecen-2-one ; 2-(E)-nonenol ; japonilure ; GC-EAD ; GC-BB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A gas chromatograph coupled with a behavioral bioassay was used to identify two sex pheromone components, 7-(Z)- and 7-(E)-tetradecen-2-one of the Oriental beetle (OB),Exomala orientalis. Field experiments showed that the blend of the two isomers (Z:E, 7:1) was not significantly more attractive than theZ component alone. The best performance of traps baited with the synthetic sex pheromone was achieved when they were set with the pheromone device at 30 cm above the ground. Catches in traps baited with 1 and 10 mg were not significantly different, but they were higher (2.9-fold) than captures in traps loaded with 0.1 mg of the pheromone. Further investigations by GC-EAD revealed the presence of a possible minor component, but the small amount of material prevented its identification. 2-(E)-Nonenol, with the same retention time as the natural product, did not affect the attractancy of the synthetic sex pheromone. GC-EAD screening of previously identified sex pheromones of scarab beetles showed that male antennae of the Oriental beetle responded to japonilure, but it showed neither synergism nor inhibition to the OB sex pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059892
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of Trap Catches by a Combination of Male Sex Pheromones and Floral Attractant in Longhorn Beetle,Anaglyptus subfasciatus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1635-1640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anaglyptus subfasciatus ; Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; sex pheromone ; methyl phenylacetate ; trap catches ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A combination of the synthetic sex pheromone [a 125:1 blend of (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and (R)-3-hydroxy-2-octanone] with methyl phenylacetate captured significantly moreAnaglyptus subfasciatus Pic females than either the sex pheromone or methyl phenylacetate did alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006427.56337.6c
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