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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity and Mechanism of Action of Human Natural Killer Lymphocytes: Differential Distribution of Receptors for Helix pomatia Haemagglutinin (HP Receptors) (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 10 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of normal human donors were fractionated on columns charged with Helix pomatia haemagglutinin (HP) coupled to Sepharose 4B. While lymphocytes lacking HP receptors (HP-) passed directly through the column (fraction I), lymphocytes with HP receptors (HP+) were subsequently eluted in two distinct tractions with two different concentrations of the competitive hapten N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (fraction II and III. respectively). The natural cytotoxicity of these lymphocytes to various tumour target cells (K562, T24, MANO, HCV29) was tested in a 51Cr release assay. Natural cytotoxicity was found in all three fractions recovered from the HP columns. In general, the cytotoxicity of the lymphocytes in fractions I and II was significantly enhanced over that of the unfractionated lymphocytes. Surface marker analysis and fractionation studies indicated that natural cytotoxicity in these target systems is exerted by both HP+ and HP- lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgG. Since the HP receptor is considered to be a marker of T lymphocytes, the findings suggest that a significant fraction of these NK cells may be of T-cell lineage. The surface marker profiles of these NK cells are very similar to those of antibody-dependent K cells. Addition of Fab fragments of immunoadsorbent-purified rabbit antibodies to human immunoglobulin inhibited the natural cytotoxicity of HP-column-fractionated lymphocytes to various degrees, indicating that pan but not all of it reflects antibody-dependent K-cell reactions. Since cytotoxicity in all three HP fractions was inhibitable in this way, the results suggest that immunoglobulin-dependent natural cytotoxicity may be displayed by both HP+ and HP- effector cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb03265.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic Variation in the TNF-β Gene Does Not Explain the Low TNF-β Response in Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autoimmune disorders in humans are often associated with particular alleles of major histocompatibility genes. However, the chronic inflammatory liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has not been found to be correlated with certain haplotypes so far.Interestingly, an impaired production of tumour necrosis factor β (TNF-β) upon mitogen stimulation was observed for PBC patients, especially in the immunologically active stages of the disease. Furthermore, the identification of alleles of the TNF-β gene which differ in one unique amino acid, and in the production of TNF-β after phytohaemagglutinin stimulation, has prompted the idea of a possible linkage between the impaired TNF-β response in PBC and the genetic prevalence of a certain TNF haplotype.We report here a rapid method for typing the TNFB*1 and TNFB*2 genes by a standard polymerase chain reaction, PBC patients(n = 60)as well as randumized healthy controls (n = 179) of the Munich area were studied for the occurrence of the TNF alleles. No deviation was found in the PBC collective (0.7) for the TNFB*2 distribution when compared with the control (0.67).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01598.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural Cytotoxicity of Human Fcγ-Receptor-positive T Lymphocytes after Surface Modulation with Immune Complexes (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 9 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In humans T cells with surface receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG (Fcγ receptors) (TG cells) are effector cells in antibody-dependent cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) and in natural cytotoxicity. While Fcγ receptors are required to mediate ADCC, their role in natural cytotoxicity is unknown. To investigate this question, Fcγ receptors on effector cells were modulated by interaction with IgG immune complexes. As a consequence of this modulation, TG cells lost most of their ADCC activity but retained a significant part of their natural killer activity. Thus, these experiments demonstrate that the cytotoxic mechanisms exerted by the same cell population can be dissociated experimentally. Furthermore, they suggest that the net natural cytotoxicity of normal human lymphocytes in certain effector cell-target cell combinations is the result of distinct types of reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb02734.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification, Fractionation and Assay of Antibody-Dependent Lymphocytic Effector Cells (K Cells) in Human Blood (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 5 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In this article we present methods for the purification and fractionation of human blood lymphocytes, which have been used in our laboratory to characterize antibody-dependent cytotoxic effector cells (K cells). The assay system consists of highly purified lymphocytes, 51Cr-labelled chicken erythrocytes (Ec) and IgG rabbit anti-Ec in high dilutions. Various ways of comparing K-cell potentials of different lymphocyte preparations in this system are discussed. When purified lymphocytes are partially depleted (60-85% depletion) of cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E+ cells), the K-cell activity of the depleted fraction is increased, indicating that the majority of the E+ cells are inactive in this assay. Depletion of EAC-rosette-forming cells shows that most or all K cells have complement receptors. For depletion of B cells, the lymphocytes may be passed through glass bead columns, charged with F(ab')2 fragments of human IgG and F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit antibodies to the F(ab')2 part of human IgG. These columns give high yields of B-cell depleted fractions. These preparations are rich in E+ cells and contain ˜80% of the Fc-receptor lymphocytes which form rosettes with bovine erythrocytes, coated with IgG antibodies. Their K-cell activity is unchanged or slightly elevated, indicating that mature B cells, i.e. SIg+ cells, have little or no K-cell activity. In contrast, passage of the lymphocytes through immune complex columns (ovalbumin/anti-ovalbumin) leads to ˜ 70% depletion of Fc receptor-bearing cells, while most of the B cells (SIg+ cells) pass through the columns. The relative frequency of E+ cells in the passed fraction frequently shows a slight reduction. These preparations have a very low K-cell activity, indicating that K cells are lymphocytes with Fc receptors of relatively strong avidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1976.tb03856.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Auflösung von pulmonalen hyalinen Membranen in vitro (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 1147-1153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyaline membrane disease ; respiratory distress syndrome ; fibrinolytic therapy ; experimental fibrinolysis ; Pulmonale hyaline Membranen ; Atemnotsyndrom ; Fibrinolysetherapie ; experimentelle Fibrinolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Inkubation von Lungengewebsproben Frühgeborener mit pulmonalen hyalinen Membranen in fibrinolyseaktivierenden bzw. fibrinolytisch aktiven Lösungen führte zu folgenden Ergebnissen: Mit Streptokinase gelang es nicht, hyaline Membranen aufzulösen (Bestätigung des physiologischen Plasminogenmangels bei Frühgeborenen). Der mittlere Flächenanteil der Membranen betrug nach 24 Std 18,14±12,43‰ und entsprach damit fast dem Kontrollwert von 20,24±10,54‰ nach Inkubation in physiologischer NaCl-Lösung. Demgegenüber führten aus Proaktivator-Plasminogen durch Aktivierung mit Streptokinase hergestellte Lösungen von Plasmin, Plasmin-Aktivator bzw. Aktivator in 24 Std zu einer signifikanten Verminderung des Membrananteils auf 11,00±6,50, 13,89±9,72 bzw. 13,63±8,94‰ Eine gleichstarke Abnahme der Membranen wie nach Plasmin war unter Trypsin schon nach 12stündiger Inkubation zu sehen (11,09±8,62‰). Plasmin, Plasmin-Aktivator und Aktivator, nicht aber Streptokinase allein, bewirkten darüber hinaus eine erhebliche unspezifische Proteolyse des Lungenparenchyms, die z.B. dem Trypsineffekt bei einer um die Hälfte verkürzten Inkubationszeit glich. Da die Lungen Frühgeborener Gewebsaktivator der Fibrinolyse enthalten, wird der Vorschlag von Ambruset al. (1974) diskutiert, Frühgeborenen gleich nach der Geburt Plasminogen zu injizieren, damit einespontane Fibrinolyse sich nach der Injektion entwickelnder hyaliner Membranen begünstigt wird.
    Notes: Summary The incubation of lung tissue from premature infants with pulmonary hyaline membranes in fibrinolysis activating or fibrinolytically active solutions gave the following results. With streptokinase it was not possible to dissolve hyaline membranes (verification of the physiological lack of plasminogen in premature infants). The mean content of membranes after 24 hours showed to be 18.14±12.43‰ which almost corresponded to the control value of 20.24±10.54‰ after incubation in NaCl-solution. In comparison, solutions of plasmin, plasmin-activator or activator prepared from proactivator-plasminogen through activation with streptokinase led to a clear reduction in the membrane content, i.e. 11.00±6.50, 13.89±9.72, and 13.63±8.94‰, respectively. A decrease in membranes equally strong to that after plasmin appeared after incubation for only 12 hours in trypsin (11.09±8.62‰). Plasmin, plasmin-activator, and activator, but not streptokinase alone, caused also a considerable nonspecific proteolysis of the lung parenchyma which was equal to the trypsin effect, for example, with an only half as long incubation time. Since the lungs of premature infants contain the tissue activator of fibrinolysis we discuss the suggestion of Ambruset al. (1974) to administer an injection of plasminogen to premature infants immediately after birth so that aspontaneous fibrinolysis can be favoured for developing hyaline membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476454
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 357-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01741391
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disease-related lymphocyte cytotoxicity in vitro in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Comparisons with other malignancies, acute cystitis, and healthy donors (1980)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 8 (1980), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood lymphocytes from 100 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC-bladder) were studied for their cytotoxicity in vitro against a panel of allogeneic tissue culture cell lines. Of the TCC-bladder patients, 45 were untreated for their disease, while 55 had been treated with local radiotherapy up to 12 years before testing. Control lymphocytes were obtained from (1) 45 untreated, age- and sex-matched patients with other neoplastic diseases, mainly urogenital cancers; (2) 19 patients with acute cystitis; and (3) 45 healthy donors. Lymphocytes from individual donors within all five groups were frequently cytotoxic to any one of the target cells. However, the lymphocytes from each of the two TCC-bladder groups were markedly more cytotoxic to two different bladder tumor targets than to control targets derived from normal bladder epithelium, from colon carcinoma, or from malignant melanoma. Similar comparisons made within each of the three control donor groups did not show this. The results indicate that the two bladder tumor targets were not more susceptible to lymphocyte-mediated lysis than the control targets. The mean cytotoxicity displayed by the lymphocytes from both TCC-bladder groups to the bladder tumor targets was significantly higher than that of the cancer control group and that of the healthy donors. No such elevation was seen when the cancer control group or the cystitis patients were compared with healthy donors. Although untreated TCC-patients with a larger tumor burden (stages T3–T4) appeared to be slightly less cytotoxic to all target cells than those with a smaller tumor burden (T1–T2), these differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, among the treated TCC-patients, in the main those tested more than 1 year and up to 5 years after therapy exhibited a significantly elevated mean cytotoxicity to the bladder tumor targets. Within all five donor groups, the overall cytotoxicity to the bladder tumor targets and the normal bladder targets showed a statistically highly significant correlation. However, while there was no correlation for the untreated TCC-bladder patients and the clinical controls between cytotoxicity to the bladder tumor targets on one hand and non-bladder targets on the other, the cytotoxicity to the bladder tumor targets of the treated TCC-bladder patients was also correlated with that to the colon carcinoma and the melanoma targets. The results indicate that cytotoxicity in both TCC patients and controls reflects recognition by the lymphocytes of a variety of antigens, shared to different degrees by different groups of target cells. Furthermore, in TCC-bladder patients there is a superimposed cytotoxicity, which is related to their disease and which probably reflects reactions against one or several tumor-associated antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206349
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of hepatitis C virus specific CD4+ T lymphocytes in acute and chronic hepatitis C (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Hepatitis C ; Hepatitis C virus ; Immune response ; CD4+ T cells ; T cell vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Since the discovery of hepatitis C virus it has become clear that chronic hepatitis C is a major health problem throughout the world. Because antiviral agents are of limited value in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, research has focused on the antiviral immune response for the development of both a protective vaccine and effective immunotherapies for established chronic infection. Antiviral antibodies are present in almost all patients with chronic hepatitis C but do not seem to be virus neutralizing, probably due to the high mutational rate of viral envelope proteins. Studies on the antiviral T cell response have revealed the presence of virus-specific CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in a substantial proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Recent studies describe an association between strong CD4+ T helper cell activity to certain hepatitis C virus antigens and a self-limited course of acute hepatitis C and possibly also a sustained response to treatment with interferon-α. Therapeutic manipulation of the virus-specific T cell response may thus develop into a new approach for prevention and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050062
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