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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 20 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: A new organic N-chloramine disinfectant (3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, agent I) has been compared with calcium hypochlorite as to its tendency to react with organic matter in water to produce toxic trihalomethanes. Agent I reacts much less readily with organic demand than does calcium hypochlorite. This study shows that agent I should be safe to use as a disinfectant for water containing appreciable organic load in either sunlight or darkness. On the other hand, calcium hypochlorite may not be a satisfactory disinfectant from the toxicity standpoint for water which contains organic load which must be stored for extended time periods in either sunlight or darkness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 629 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 629 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A comparison of total extractable protein, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) and disc- and SDS-gel electrophoresis from aseptic control porcine muscle with similar samples after inoculation with C pevfrirzgens and incubation at 37°C for 0, 1, 2, 4 and 7 days demonstrated that this organism degraded both the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. Incubation with C perkingens increased the amount of NPN, indicating proteolytic break-down into small nitrogen containing compounds, which was confirmed by a decrease in the sarcoplasmic protein fraction. Disc-gel electrophoresis of the sarcoplasmic extract from samples treated with C. perfringens revealed the presence of several new protein peaks, presumably degradation products, while some other protein peaks diminished in size. Preferential degradation of troponin by C. perfringens was confirmed by SDS-(sodium dodecylsulfate) gel electrophoresis, whereas, a reduction in the amount of actin was observed by disc-gel electrophoresis in urea but could not be confirmed with SDS-electrophoresis. Increases in the size of some other protein peaks were noted, which were attributed to comigration of degradation products with certain of the previously existing proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 56 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Presence of ferrous iron (Fe2+) and/or salt (NaCl) in ground beef followed by cooking and storage resulted in marked increases in lipid oxidation as measured by TBA values. Addition of an edible collagen film (CoffiR) to minced fresh beef did not influence TBA values. Cooking fresh ground beef resulted in lowering of TBA values (when compared to raw beef), but TBA values increased more rapidly and to a greater extent in cooked beef than in raw samples during 7 days refrigerated storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dry cured bacon was made under carefully controlled processing conditions in a pilot plant study using α-tocopherol-coated salt as part of the dry cure. Approximately, a 96% reduction in N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) levels in the fried bacon was achieved with an ingoing α-tocopherol level of 500 mg/kg. NPYR levels in the cookout fat were reduced approximately 92% using the same level of α-tocopherol. Bacon, prepared by a small scale commercial operation, also contained reduced levels of NPYR when processed with α-tocopherol-coated salt, despite high levels (〉100 mg/kg) of residual sodium nitrite in the finished bacon. Results comparing effectiveness of α-tocopherol and mixed tocopherols as nitrosamine blocking agents were inconclusive. Although, α-tocopherol appeared to be more effective as a blocking agent (91% versus 73% inhibition of NPYR), the difference in percent inhibition achieved could possibly be attributed to apparently lower levels of residual mixed tocopherols in the finished bacon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chicken frankfurters, prepared with various levels of sodium nitrite (0, 20, 40, 60, 100, and 156 ppm) were heated either in a microwave oven, boiled or broiled and then analyzed for N-nitrosamines. As expected, “apparent” N-nitrosamine levels increased with increasing concentrations of sodium nitrite. The effect of the various heating procedures on N-nitrosamine formation was inconclusive, due possibly to the low levels of “apparent” N-nitrosamines present. The two most common N-nitrosamines present appeared to be N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosomorpholine. However, only in the frankfurter samples prepared with 156 ppm nitrite was the presence of N-nitrosomorpholine confirmed by mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The risk of infantile atopic dermatitis (AD) posed by maternal atopy and paternal atopy, respectively, were compared in the infants from a birth cohort in whom one of the parents had been designated atopic by skin prick testing. Nineteen with atopic mothers were compared with 20 with atopic fathers. AD, other atopic manifestations and potentially influential factors such as breast-feeding were documented prospectively during the first year in all infants. At 3, 6 and 12 month assessments skin prick sensitivity and total serum IgE concentration were determined. Nine of 19 infants with atopic mothers and two of 20 with atopic fathers had AD (P= 0.023) giving a relative risk of 4.7 (95% confidence interval 2.5 to 9.0). Seven of 19 with atopic mothers and none with atopic fathers had AD with onset before 6 months (P= 0.007). When all types of disease evidence (AD, recurrent wheeze and food reactions) were analysed together no significant difference was apparent between the groups. The two groups were found to be well matched with regard to breast-feeding, time of starting cow's milk, solids and egg, sex, month of birth, parental AD and smoking, race, household pets and neonatal IgE concentration. IgE concentrations at each age and the prevalence of skin prick positivity were similar between the groups. Maternal atopy poses a higher risk for infantile AD and paternal atopy. Whether this may be due to genetic or congenital factors or both is uncertain, but clearly the finding is of relevance in the prediction of allergy in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 14 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sodium cromoglycate (SCG) has recently been formulated as a pressurized aerosol. Twenty-five asthmatic outpatients taking SCG via the Spinhaler were studied in a double-dummy, double-blind cross-over trial in which subjects took Spincaps containing 20 mg of SCG for 2 months, and for the alternate 2 months were treated with SCG aerosol delivering 1 mg/actuation.There was no evidence of clinical deterioration occurring during the period on aerosol SCG. During this period however cough frequency was significantly lower and when data for the 8-13 and 14-46 year age groups were analysed separately, this decrease was seen to be confined to the younger group. Furthermore, this group but not the adults, showed a significant improvement in morning peak expiratory flow rate.We conclude that the aerosol preparation of SCG is a useful alternative to delivery by Spinhaler for patients who are able to coordinate, and that it may have special advantages for children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Screening for atopic disease using neonatal serum IgE has been advocated on the basis of the predictive value of elevated levels. However, this is only one measure of validity. The test was validated fully in 92 infants with a bi-parental history of atopic using 0.7 IU/ ml as the cut-off. All infants were assessed prospectively for evidence of atopic disease (eczema, recurrent wheezing or food reactions) and skin-prick test positivily in the first year. Total serum IgE was measured by ultrasensitive ELISA on 61 cord blood samples and 92 samples taken at 7 days. All cord samples were re-analysed by PRIST and the first 33 by ultrasensitive RIA giving, respectively, 82% and 94% concordance (regarding undetectable, detectable and elevated levels) with ELISA. Maternal contamination was indicated in 7% of cord samples by high serum IgA. Ninety-five per cent of cord/7-day IgE pairs showed no change or minor rises at 7 days. Forty-nine per cent of the infants had evidence of atopic disease. Only 5% had elevated 7-day IgE. The positive and negative predictive values of the 7-day test were 60% and 52%, respectively, and specificity 96% but the sensitivity was only 7%. High levels did not distinguish the infants with the most unequivocal evidence of disease, i.e. eczema with a positive skin test. In conclusion IgE at 7 days is comparable to and more reliable than cord IgE. However, neonatal IgE screening is too insensitive to have clinical application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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