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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactate and pH in the Brain: Association and Dissociation in Different Pathophysiological States (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 48 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Brain tissue pH and lactate content were measured in rats under three different experimental conditions, namely: (1) during complete global cerebral ischemia; (2) after reversible near-complete cerebral ischemia; and (3) in experimental brain tumors. At the end of the experiments brains were frozen with liquid nitrogen. A series of 20-μm thick coronal sections was prepared in a cryostat and then used for the regional determination of tissue pH (umbelliferone technique) and tissue lactate (bioluminescent technique). In addition, tissue samples were taken for the quantitative measurement of brain lactate (enzymatic fluorometric technique). The relationship between lactate content and tissue pH was different for each of the three experimental models studied: only after short-term global cerebral ischemia did an increase in the lactate content correlate with a decrease in tissue pH (r= 0.94; p 〈 0.001). A highly significant increase in the lactate content (p 〈 0.001) was accompanied by physiological pH values (6.96 ± 0.08 in comparison to 6.97 ± 0.04 in controls) during recirculation after transient cerebral ischemia and in brain tumors even by an alkaline pH shift. In view of these observations the term “lactacidosis” should not be used without measuring both the lactate content and the pH. The observed dissociation between pH and lactate is due to the fact that both parameters are regulated independently. During anaerobiosis the main source of proton production is ATP hydrolysis rather than glycolysis. It is, therefore, suggested that the terms “acidosis” and “lactosis” should be used instead of “lactacidosis.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb13140.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamine Changes in Reversible Cerebral Ischemia (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 49 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels were measured in the cortex, caudoputamen, and hippocampus of rats during 30 min of severe forebrain ischemia (induced by occlusion of both carotid and vertebral arteries) and subsequent recirculation. During ischemia, polyamine levels did not change significantly. During postischemic recirculation, however, putrescine levels dramatically increased whereas those of spermine and spermidine did not change, with the exception of the severely damaged caudoputamen, where the concentration declined after 24 h. The increase of putrescine is explained by postischemic activation of ornithine decarboxylase and inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. It is suggested that the accumulation of putrescine during postischemic recirculation may be responsible for the delayed neuronal death occurring after ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb03390.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility of Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons to Argon-Mediated In Vitro Ischemia (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 67 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Neurons from cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 sector exhibit a striking difference in vulnerability to transient ischemia. To establish whether this difference is due to the inherent (pathoclitic) properties of these neurons, the ischemic susceptibility was studied in primary cortical and hippocampal cultures by using a new model of argon-induced in vitro ischemia. Neuronal cultures were exposed at 37°C for 10–30 min to argon-equilibrated glucose-free medium. During argon equilibration, Po2 declined to 〈2.5 torr within 1 min and stabilized shortly later at ∼1.3 torr. After 30 min of in vitro ischemia, total adenylate was 〈45% and ATP content 〈15% of control in both types of culture. Cytosolic calcium activity increased from 15 to 50 nM. Reoxygenation of cultures after in vitro ischemia led to delayed neuronal death, the severity of which depended on the duration of in vitro ischemia but not on the type of neuronal cultures. Energy charge of adenylate transiently returned to ∼90% of control after 3 h, but ATP content recovered only to 40% and protein synthesis to 〈35%. Cytosolic calcium activity continued to rise after ischemia and reached values of ∼500 nM after 3 h. The new argon-induced in vitro ischemia model offers major advantages over previous methods, but despite this improvement it was not possible to replicate the differences in cortical and hippocampal vulnerability observed in vivo. Our study does not support the hypothesis that selective vulnerability is due to an inherent pathoclitic hypersensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67041613.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Bioluminescence Method for the Demonstration of Regional Glucose Distribution in Brain Slices (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 36 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Regional glucose distribution in brain slices was assessed by a bioluminescence technique. The reaction is based on light emission of luminiferous marine bacteria, Vibrio fischeri, induced by NADPH. Freeze-dried brain slices were covered by a solution which contained: (a) enzymes and substrates for glucose oxidation and NADPH formation and (b) an extract of Vibrio fischeri for the bioluminescence reaction. Glucose-induced bioluminescence was recorded on photographic film. Patterns of regional decrease in glucose concentration were demonstrated in cat brains after occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. This decrease correlated well with a concomitant depletion of ATP and an increase in NADH-fluorescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01622.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Singlet oxygen and superoxide dismutase (cuprein)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 66 (1975), S. 769-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(75)90576-8
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Singlet oxygen decontaminating activity of erythrocuprein (superoxide dismutase)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymology 327 (1973), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2744
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2744(73)90120-4
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mode of singlet oxygen induced chemiluminescence in the presence of erythrocuprein
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 27 (1972), S. 248-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(72)80632-X
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human GluR6 Kainate Receptor (GRIK2): Molecular Cloning, Expression, Polymorphism, and Chromosomal Assignment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Genomics 20 (1994), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0888-7543
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1994.1198
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium activity and post-ischemic suppression of protein synthesis (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Protein synthesis ; CA2+ activity ; ischemia ; hippocampus ; slice ; in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Increase in intracellular calcium concentration is a prominent feature of ischemia and has been considered a major factor in the initiation of ischemic pathology, which involves inhibition of protein synthesis. A reduction of calcium ion activity during and immediately after in vitro ischemia did not prevent inhibition of protein synthesis in hippocampae slices. When slices were overloaded with calcium by NMDA receptor activation or by the calcium ionophore A23187, no significant inhibition of protein synthesis was observed. We conclude that calcium overload plays only a limited role in ischemic inhibition of protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01931105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional morphology and biochemistry in experimental brain abscesses (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 69 (1986), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain abscess ; Cat ; Energy state ; Substrate mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Brain abscesses were induced experimentally in six cats by stereotactic inoculation ofStaphylococcus aureus A8 into the white matter of the left cerebral hemisphere. Seven days later, the brains were frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen and subsequently sawn into coronal sections of 5 mm thickness, while being cooled with liquid nitrogen. Thin slices were taken from those sections containing the largest expanse of abscess: slices of 5 μm thickness were stained histologically, and in adjacent 20 μm slices the regional distribution of ATP and glucose was mapped using substrate-specific bioluminescence methods. Furthermore, the NADH fluorescence from the surface of the tissue section was recorded. Six layers could be distinguished histologically in the abscess capsule, five of which showed different substrate patterns. Only in two layers a low metabolic activity could be observed, as shown by slight ATP bioluminescence. The pattern of the biochemical substrates in the white matter surrounding the abscess indicated a reduction in the cellular oxygen availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687033
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