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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional alterations of mesenteric vascular bed, vas deferens and intestinal tracts in a rat hindlimb unloading model of microgravity (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 Prolonged bed rest or exposure to microgravity may cause several alterations in autonomic nervous system response (ANSR). 2 Hindlimb unloading (HU) rats were used as an animal model of simulated microgravity to investigate ANSR changes. The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on the autonomic nervous response of the perfused mesenteric vascular bed (MVB), vas deferens and the colon and duodenum from 2-week HU rats. 3 In MVB preparations of HU rats, the frequency-dependent increases in perfusion pressure with perivascular nerve stimulation (PNS; 8–40 Hz) were inhibited, whereas the noradrenaline (NA) concentration-dependent (1–100 μm) perfusion pressure increases were potentiated. The latter most probably reflected up-regulation of α-adrenergic receptor function. Relaxant responses of NA-precontracted MVB to PNS (4–30 Hz) or isoprenaline were not different between control and HU preparations, while vasodilation induced by the endothelial agonist ACh was reduced. 4 Transmural stimulation (2–40 Hz) induced frequency-dependent twitches of the vas deferens which were reduced in vas deferens of HU rats, while the sensitivity to NA-induced contraction was significantly increased. 5 In the gastroenteric system of HU rat, direct contractile responses to carbachol or tachykinin as well as relaxant or contractile responses to nervous stimulation appeared unchanged both in the proximal colon rings and in duodenal longitudinal strips. 6 In conclusion, HU treatment affects peripheral tissues in which the main contractile mediators are the adrenergic ones such as resistance vessels and vas deferens, probably by reducing the release of neuromediator. This study validates NA signalling impairment as a widespread process in microgravity, which may most dramatically result in the clinical phenotype of orthostatic intolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00315.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of in vivo treatment with interleukins 1β and 6 on rat mesenteric vascular bed reactivity (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 23 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition that involves proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins 1β and 6 (ILs). In this disease, it has been shown that an abnormal microcirculatory system is implicated. 2 Therefore, the effects of in vivo treatment for three days with interleukins 1β and 6 were investigated on rat isolated mesenteric vascular bed (MVB). 3 A significant concentration-dependent increase in vascular response to noradrenaline (NA) was found, with a significant difference in Emax between control (93.01 ± 16.78 mmHg) and treated preparations (137.91 ± 5.20 mmHg). Endothelin-1(ET-1) induced a significantly greater increase of perfusion pressure in treated rats in comparison with control rats at the highest concentration used (0.1 μm). 4 The concentration-dependent decrease of perfusion pressure induced by acetylcholine (ACh) in MVB precontracted with NA was significantly reduced in specimens from treated rats in comparison with control rats, with a significant difference in Emax between control and treated preparations. 5 Perivascular nerve stimulation (PNS) evoked contractions with no difference between treatments. Similarly, no difference in relaxant effect was found after PNS in specimens precontracted with NA, in the presence of guanethidine. 6 These findings indicate that the precocious inflammation acts only at postsynaptic level, facilitating vascular contraction. These data seem to support the hypothesis that vascular dysfunction caused by overproduction of ILs may contribute, among other immunological factors, to vasculitis in IBD that leads to intestinal ischaemia through vasoconstriction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-8673.2003.00286.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-〈fr〉Saccharomyces〈/fr〉 cerevisiae mannan antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: comparison of different assays and correlation with clinical features (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies have been proposed as a new serological marker associated with Crohn's disease. However, their clinical value is still unclear; furthermore, a standardization of anti-S. cerevisiae mannan measurements is lacking.Aim : In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation between anti-S. cerevisiae mannan detection and specific clinical features in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Moreover, we tested the concordance of four different anti-S. cerevisiae mannan assays.Materials and methods : Serum samples from 196 patients with Crohn's disease, 197 patients with ulcerative colitis and 100 unrelated healthy controls were tested for anti-S. cerevisiae mannan with a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (Lille) by one of the authors (VP). Subsequently, 60 randomly selected serum samples (27 Crohn's disease, 28 ulcerative colitis and five healthy controls) were tested for anti-S. cerevisiae mannan with three different commercial kits.Results : With the Lille assay, anti-S. cerevisiae mannan were detected in 100 of 196 patients with Crohn's disease (51%; P 〈 0.0001 vs. controls), 32 of 197 patients with ulcerative colitis (16%; P 〈 0.02 vs. controls), and six of 100 controls (6%). No correlation between presence of anti-S. cerevisiae mannan and specific clinical features was found in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients. The percentages of anti-S. cerevisiae mannan detected with four different assays ranged from 28 (Bouty) up to 43% (Inova), but these differences did not reach statistical significance. The concordance rate of anti-S. cerevisiae mannan detection in the four assays was very low (11 concordant results of 60 samples, 18.3%) (k = 0.15). No improvement of the concordance rate wasobtained by modifying the suggested cut-off values (k = 0.20).Conclusion : In this study, we confirm that anti-S. cerevisiae mannan are significantly more frequent in Crohn's disease patients compared with ulcerative colitis patients (P 〈 0.0001) and controls. However, no correlation with clinical features was found in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The low prevalence of anti-S. cerevisiae mannan, at least in our population, and the low concordance rate between different assays, makes the clinical role of this marker questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02258.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appropriateness of urea breath test: a prospective observational study based on Maastricht 2000 guidelines (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The urea breath test is routinely used for diagnosing or confirming the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.Aim : To evaluate the appropriateness of urea breath test referrals.Methods : The age, sex, symptoms, endoscopic findings, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, family history of gastric cancer or H. pylori infection and concomitant diseases of patients referred for urea breath testing in a 1-year period were recorded. The appropriateness of urea breath test referrals was judged according to Maastricht guidelines.Results : One thousand, three hundred and twenty subjects (47 ± 16 years) were referred in 2001: 578 (43.8%) for the diagnosis and 742 (56.2%) for confirmation of the eradication of H. pylori. The urea breath test was considered to be appropriate in 836 (63.3%) patients, inappropriate in 192 (14.5%) and appropriate but avoidable in 292 (22.1%). The appropriateness ratios of urea breath test referrals were 4.6 and 9.0 (P 〈 0.0001) for general practitioners and gastroenterologists, respectively. Of the patients (n=230) with uninvestigated dyspepsia, who underwent urea breath testing according to a ‘test and treat’ strategy, 98 (42.6%) presented at least one risk factor for organic disease.Conclusions : In Italy, nearly 36% of urea breath test referrals are inappropriate or could be avoided if all dyspeptic patients with risk factors were referred for endoscopy or all dyspeptic patients undergoing endoscopy were tested for H. pylori infection with biopsy methods. Both general practitioners and, to a lesser extent, gastroenterologists require educational programmes to deal effectively with H. pylori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01315.x
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