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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 653 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.   Eleven epitopes were identified by murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that represented the N, M, GP5 and GP3 proteins of the North American (NA) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus, KY 35 (NVSL 46907). Three discontinuous epitopes of the N and M proteins were designated EpORF7-Fd through Hd and EpORF6-Ad through Cd. Five continuous epitopes of the GP5 and GP3 proteins were designated EpORF5-A through C and EpORF3-A and B. The MAbs representing EpORF5-C and EpORF6-A and B had neutralizing activity. The MAbs representing the above epitopes, except EpORF7-Gd and Hd, expanded the virus marker system described in a previous study in which a panel of 69 NA viruses and the Lelystad virus were categorized into 5 antigenic groups, I15 through V15 based on the presence or absence of 5 continuous epitopes of the N protein. Antigenic groups I15 and II15, which represented 84.7 and 11.6% of all viruses tested, were categorized further into 9 and 4 subgroups, respectively. The remaining NA viruses and the Lelystad virus were distributed among 4 groups, one of which was represented by 2 subgroups. Significant (P〈0.05) differences in sensitivity to neutralization of 28 viruses representing 6 antigenic groups by the 3 neutralizing MAbs suggested that sensitivity to neutralization may also be of value in categorizing PRRS viruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven cloned North American pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains and the European vaccine strains K and BUK were characterized by their thermal sensitivity and rabbit virulence markers. Heat sensitivity of the strains and isolates ranged from the highly heat resistant strain K, to the extremely heat labile strain BUK and isolate Be. The inactivation curves of each virus were transformed to the logarithmic scale and their standardized slopes and predicted virus survival values at 30 minutes were plotted against each other. The result was a distribution of points that represented a thermal sensitivity spectrum (TSS). Virus strains were subsequently categorized into 1 of 3 groups according to their position in the TSS. Viruses were also categorized into three groups according to their ability to clinically infect rabbits, their ability to produce pruritus and the time required to kill. When individual strains were described according to their marker profiles, 5 of 9 possible marker combinations were revealed. The 2 vaccine strains were each described by separate profiles. Virulent field isolates were characterized by 1 of 3 different profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The antigenic variability of the 15 kD nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus was characterized with a panel of 24 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the American PRRS virus isolate ISU-P. Five continuous epitopes designated EpORF7-A through E were revealed by the reactivity pattern of these MAbs with 67 American field isolates, two modified-live vaccine viruses, and the European Lelystad virus as determined by the indirect immnofluorescence assay and Western immunoblotting and confirmed by additivity and blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The reactivity pattern of isolates in the IFA permitted their subdivision into 4 American antigenic groups which represented 84.1, 11.6, 2.9 and 1.4% of viruses tested. The antigenic variation among isolates was correlated to single, group specific nucleotide substitutions and mediated by a combination of at least 4 of the 5 epitopes. EpORF7-A was conserved in all American isolates and the Lelystad virus which constituted a separate antigenic group. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies specific for EpORF7-A may prove useful as the antigenic basis for a universal diagnostic test for the PRRS virus. EpORF7-C, D and E were only present in the American isolates tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cloned virulent North American field isolates and 2 European vaccine strains of pseudorabies (PR) viruses were compared by their sensitivity to trypsin and their virulence for mice. Marked differences in trypsin sensitivity were detected between and among virulent and vaccine PR viruses. These differences were distinct enough to characterize a virus as either sensitive or resistant to trypsin. This test also differentiated 2 virulent viruses which were previously shown to be indistinguishable on the basis of their sensitivity to thermal inactivation. Mouse virulence was evaluated by comparing the mean times-to-death of mice infected with individual viruses. Three distinct levels of virulence were observed. The two vaccine viruses were differentiated from each other and from virulent virus. Mice infected with the vaccine viruses required 23 to 118 hours longer to die than mice which were infected with virulent virus. A significant difference of 5.6 hours (P 〈 .005) was also detected between mice infected with 2 different field viruses. When viruses were described according to their marker profiles, 5 of 6 possible combinations were revealed. The 2 vaccine viruses could be described by separate profiles and virulent viruses could be described by 1 of 3 profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une enquête a été conduite en Thailande centrale sur 15 élevages porcins de 200 à 2000 têtes approximativement, en vue de déterminer dans la région la prévalence de la maladie d'Aujezsky (pseudorage), ainsi que le taux d'infection à l'intérieur des troupeaux. Tous les animaux concernés avaient été immunisés régulièrement avec des vaccins élaborés à partir du virus vivant mutant modifié par déletion au niveau du gI. Des sérums individuels ont été testés pour la recherche des anticorps viraux spécifiques par deux méthodes, ELISA indirecte et ELISA gI blocking. Quatorze (93,3%) des élevages ont été trouvés infectés par le virus sauvage de la pseudo rage. Le taux d'infection dans ces 14 troupeaux était supérieur à 20% dans 10 élevage (71,08%) et allait de 2,1 à 15,6% dans les 4 autres. Le taux de concordance entre les deux tests (gI indirecte et blocking) était de 99,38% pour tous les sérums testés de l'enquête. Ce niveau élévé de concordance entre le test ELISA de blocage de l'épitope spécifique gI et le test ELISA indirect des épitopes multiples gI spécifiques, indique que les deux méthodes peuvent être utilisées avec une égale efficacité. Il est d'autre part peu probable que les souches de terrain qui pourraient être non détectées par le test ELISA de blocage de la fraction gI puisse exister en Thaïlande centrale.
    Abstract: Resumen Se llevó a cabo un relevamiento en 15 porquerizas en Tailandia central, con números aproximados de 200 a 2000 cabezas, para determinar la prevalencia de pseudorabia (PR) en la región, determinando al mismo tiempo la tasa de infección entre las piaras. Todos los cerdos que entraron en el relevamiento habían sido vacunados con la vacuna contra pseudorabia mutógena, mediante delección, virus vivo modificado. Los sueros de cerdos fueron individualmente examinados por la presencia de anticuerpos específicos del virus de PR, mediante el gI ELISA directo y el gI ELISA indirecto. Catorce (93·3%) de las piaras fueron encontradas infectadas con el virus salvaje de PR. La tasa de infección entre estas 14 piaras fue más de 20% en 10 (71·8%) piaras variando entre valores de 2·1% hasta 15·6% en las otras 4 piaras. El porcentaje de acuerdo entre las pruebas gI indirecta y la fue de directa 99·3% para todos los sueros de campo examinados. Esto indica que ambas pruebas son confiables y eficaces para la detección de cepas de campo de PR en Tailandia central.
    Notes: Summary A survey of 15 swine herds ranging in size from approximately 200 to 2,000 head in central Thailand was conducted to determine the prevalence of pseudorabies (PR) in the region and to determine the infection rate within herds. All swine in the survey had been routinely vaccinated with gI deletion mutant modified live virus PR vaccines. Sera from individual pigs were tested for PR virus specific antibodies with both the gI blocking ELISA and the gI indirect ELISA. Fourteen (93·3%) of the herds were found to be infected with wild type PR virus. The infection rate within these 14 herds was more than 20% in 10 (71·0%) herds and ranged from 2·1 to 15·6% in the remaining 4 herds. The per cent agreement between the gI indirect and blocking assays was 99·3% for all field sera tested. This high level of agreement between the epitope specific gI blocking ELISA and the multiple epitope specific indirect gI ELISA indicates that both tests can be used with equal efficacy and that it is unlikely that field strains that could go undetected by the gI blocking ELISA exist in central Thailand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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