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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and magnetic properties of yttrium–iron–garnet thin films prepared by laser deposition (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 1422-1428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on a study of thin (500–4000 Å) and ultrathin (100–500 Å) yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) films deposited onto amorphous quartz substrates by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The growth conditions of well-formed polycrystalline films have been determined. The crystalline structure and the magnetic behavior of the films are strongly influenced by the processes occurring on the film–substrate interface. Primarily, a strain due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the film and substrate induces a uniaxial anisotropy. Another source of strain are lattice distortions due to oxygen vacancies. The results obtained from x-ray diffraction analysis, magneto-optical, superconducting quantum interference device, vibrating sample magnetometer, and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements indicate that films thicker than 200 Å can be approximated by a two-layer model. One of the layers with a highly distorted structure and low magnetization is located near the surface. The other one, the upper layer, can be estimated as an almost perfectly formed YIG. Their relative thickness determines the magnetic and FMR behavior of the samples. An equilibrium direction of the magnetization along the film normal has been found to occur in the ultrathin films with the lowest magnetization where the perpendicular anisotropy energy exceeds the dipolar energy. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379344
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial MgO layer for low-resistance and coupling-free magnetic tunnel junctions (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 1035-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxially grown magnetic tunnel junctions MgO(100)/Fe/MgO/Fe/Co/Pd have been elaborated by molecular beam epitaxy, with insulating layer thickness down to 0.8 nm. The continuity of this layer was checked at different spatial scales by means of morphological (high resolution transmission electronic microscopy), electric (local impedance), and magnetic (magnetoresistance and hysteresis loop) measurements. These junctions show a low resistance (4 kΩ μm2), tunnel magnetoresistance up to 17%, and a very small interlayer magnetic coupling. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1498153
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrophotometric investigation of the reaction of eriochrome cyanin RC and magnesium and aluminium
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Talanta 22 (1975), S. 925-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0039-9140
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0039-9140(75)80200-1
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral shifts of cytochrome c oxidase induced by complexons
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 245 (1989), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: ATP ; Complexon ; Conformational change ; Cytochrome-c oxidase ; Metal ion binding ; Spectral shift
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(89)80187-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Konstantin Alekseevich Rozanov (1967)
    Springer
    Power technology and engineering 1 (1967), S. 768-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-1468
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377440
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group replacement policies for parallel systems whosecomponents have phase distributed failure times (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 91 (1999), S. 163-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Consider a system of components operating in parallel. Downtime costs are incurredwhen failed components are not repaired or replaced. There are also fixed, unit repair andreplacement costs associated with the system. The failure distributions of the componentsare assumed to be identically distributed random variables. Results on calculating the expectedcost and variance per unit time of various group replacement policies will be provided.Consideration of variance is important since, in many cases, practitioners wish not only toachieve small expected cost but also to reduce variability from cycle to cycle. Phase distributionsallow for the modeling of a wide range failure time behavior. Closed‐form resultsare derived for the three major classes of group replacement policy (m‐failure, T‐age, and(m, T)) when the underlying distribution is of phase type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018941521644
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the influence of mass loss and convective overshooting on the evolution of massive stars (1979)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 62 (1979), S. 451-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Evolution of massive stars losing mass with the rateM H αL/V ∞ C is computed (for α=1,2,7). It is shown that observed mass loss rates correspond to α≈0.3 and, therefore, mass loss by stellar wind cannot play any significant role in the evolution of normal massive stars. However, for several types of massive stars (WR, OH/IR, X-ray sources) enhanced mass loss explains their peculiar features. Computations of evolutionary sequences of massive stars with convective overshooting taken into account (as a formal increase of the convective core) show that a significant broadening of the hydrogen-burning band in the H-R diagram may be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645480
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung der Löslichkeit und Bestimmung des Löslichkeitsproduktes von Kupfer- und Silberselenit (1993)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 124 (1993), S. 1115-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Solubility product ; Copper selenite ; Silver selenite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The solubility products of selenites of copper and silver were determined. The solubility of the compounds was determined by stirring the deposition in diluted acids, whose anions did not participate in the complex formation with copper or silver. After separation, a part of the solution was used forpH-measurements and another one for determining the concentration of copper and silver ions by means of ion-selective electrodes. The anion concentration was expressed by the concentration of the metal cation. The values of the relative standard deviations for each series indicates a good reproducibility of the results. It was established that the solubility products of CuSeO3 is 1.50·10−11 and for Ag2SeO3 1.72·10−16.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00810019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange coupling in ultrathin epitaxial yttrium iron garnet films (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 31 (2003), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects – 75.60.Jk Magnetization reversal mechanisms – 75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Magnetic exchange coupling has been observed for ultrathin films of yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12 or YIG). Single-crystalline YIG films were prepared on yttrium aluminium garnet (Y3Al5O12 or YAG) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. (111) and (110) oriented substrates were used. Film thicknesses were varied from 180 Å to 4600 Å. Epitaxial growth of YIG on YAG was obtained in spite of the lattice mismatch of 3%. Magnetic hysteresis loops recorded for ultrathin YIG films have a “bee-waist” shape and show a coupling between two different magnetic phases. The first phase is magnetically soft YIG. A composition study by secondary ion mass spectroscopy shows the second phase to be Y3Fe5-xAlxO12 due to the interdiffusion of Fe and Al at the film/substrate interface. This compound is known to be magnetically harder and to have weaker magnetization than YIG. The coupling of the two phases leads to a hysteresis loop displacement at low temperatures. This displacement varies differently with film thickness for two substrate orientations. Assuming an interfacial coupling, the maximal interaction energy is estimated to be about 0.17 erg/cm2 at 5 K for (111) oriented sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00010-2
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective forecasting of slush ice phenomena at hydroelectric stations (1973)
    Springer
    Power technology and engineering 7 (1973), S. 825-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-1468
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377160
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