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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a calibration trial to increase interexaminer reliability of radiographic diagnosis of approximal carious lesions (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 8 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eighteen dentists working in the same School Dental Service participated in a calibration trial with the purpose of reducing interexaminer disagreement on radiographic diagnosis of approximal caries. The calibration program was in two stages: firstly, discussion in small groups and, secondly, the use of a reference standard. The effect of the training programs on interexaminer disagreement was limited, but a statistically significant decrease in the number of D-surfaces recorded per child was observed. The finding that the major part of the error variance was due to random error, rather than systematic error, may explain why the calibration program was unsuccessful at reducing error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01274.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of a hierarchical method of describing the pattern of dental caries attack (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 2 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: abstract A number of procedures have been developed to reduce the time needed to examine and record dental caries in epidemiologic studies. One such method is described in a 1967 draft of a WHO Manual. The present report is an evaluation of that method, and is based on analysis of data from 2,123 individuals 6 to 17 years old examined in three previous studies. The method is based on assigning individuals to one of five zones of increasing severity, assuming that once an individual is classified into a given zone, he automatically belongs to all zones of lesser severity (except zero). The analysis carried out in this study shows that Zones 2 and 3 as well as Zones 4 and 5 have to be combined in order for the above mentioned assumption to be fullfilled. Furthermore, it is shown that there is good agreement between information on severity of dental caries attack obtained by this method and measurements of dental caries prevalence obtained by conventional methods (DMF). Finally, it is demonstrated that the modified method is sensitive enough to be able to detect the caries preventive effect of fluoridation of school water supplies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1974.tb01787.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral health status and treatment needs in different age groups in two regions of Tanzania (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 22 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The present study was conducted in two regions of Tanzania, where development of oral health services is supported by the Danish International Development Agency (Danida). The study comprised 6035 subjects in five age groups (5–6 yr. 12 yr, 18 yr, 35–44 yr. 55 + yr). Data were collected using WHO's survey methodology. Dental caries affected the primary dentition of one third to one fourth of the 5–6-yr-olds and mean dft was less than 1.0 in both regions. DM FT for 12-yr-olds was also low (〈1.5 DMFT), but was higher in older age groups, mainly due to more missing teeth. The F-component was negligible in all age groups. Treatment need was mainly simple fillings and extractions. Most periodontal sextants in all age groups were affected by bleeding or calculus. Periodontal pockets were rare and loss of teeth limited. It is concluded that the oral health situation in Tanzania is better than that foreseen in the goals for oral health in Tanzania in the year 2002. On the basis of these findings and the severe economic constraints prevailing within the health services in Tanzania, a revision of The National Plan for Oral Health seems urgent. A realistic estimate of the cost and the possible sources of funding of the plan is mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb02057.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Danish preventive program for preschoolchildren based on cooperation with key-persons (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 11 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plans to expand public child dental services to include preschoolchildren and the recently established training of dental hygienists in Denmark form the background for the present study. The study was performed in a rural municipality located 35 km north of Aarhus. Public-child dental services for schoolchildren (6–16 years of age) had been established for several years and were being planned to include preschoolchildren. In cooperation with the personnel in the Child Dental Service a full-time employed dental hygienist developed a communication network with different categories of key-persons (health nurses, private daycare mothers and nursery school teachers). Close records and diaries were kepi during the entire 3-year study period. The paper summarises the experience gained from co-operation with a large number of key-persons and illustrates some of the conditions necessary for a successful process. The effect of the program on dental caries is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1983.tb01374.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patient satisfaction with emergency oral health care in rural Tanzania (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 26 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Emergency oral health care, as conceived in Tanzania, is an on-demand service provided at a rural health center or dispensary by a Rural Medical Aide. The service includes: simple tooth extraction under local anesthesia, draining of abscesses, control of acute oral infection with appropriate drug therapy, first aid for maxillo-facial trauma, and recognition of oral conditions requiring patient referral for further care at the district or regional hospital dental clinic. The objective of the present study was to describe patient satisfaction with emergency oral health care services in rural Tanzania and determine the relative importance of factors influencing patient satisfaction. The study was carried out as a cross-sectional interview survey between April 1993 and May 1994 using a patient satisfaction questionnaire in rural villages in the Rungwe district of Tanzania. It included 206 patients aged 18 years or more who had received emergency oral health care between April 1993 and March 1994. Overall, 92.7% of the respondents re-ported that they were satisfied with the service. Patients who were married, had no formal education and lived more than 3 km from the dispensary were more likely to be satisfied with treatment. In a logistic regression model, a good working atmosphere at the dispensary, a good relationship between care provider and patients (art of care) and absence of post-treatment complications significantly influenced patient satisfaction with odds ratios of 10.3, 17.4 and 6.2, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01963.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide in Vagal Control of Gastrin Secretion (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 547 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb23940.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Pharmacokinetics, Distribution and Degradation of Human Recombinant Interleukin 1β in Normal Rats (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Based upon in vivo rat experiments it was recently suggested that interleukin I in the circulation may be implicated in the initial events of β-cell destruction leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in humans. The aim of the present study was to estimate half-lives of distribution and elimination phases (T1/2β) of human recombinant interleukin 1β(rIL-1β), and its tissue distribution and cellular localization by means of mono-labelled, biologically active 125I-rIL-1β. After intravenous (iv.) injection, 125I-rIL-1β was eliminated from the circulation with a T1/2α of 2.9 min and a T1/2β of 41.1 min. The central and peripheral volume of distribution was 20.7 and 19.1 ml/rat, respectively, and the metabolic clearance rate was 16.9 ml/min/kg. The kidney and liver showed the highest accumulation of tracer, and autoradiography demonstrated that 125I-rIL-1β was localized 10 the proximal tubules in the kidney and to the hepatocytes in the liver. Furthermore, grains were localized to the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Tracer-bound proteins corresponding to intact 125I-rIL-1β were found in the circulation after i.v., intraperitoneal (i,p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injections, as demonstrated by high performance size exclusion chromatography. trichloracetic acid precipitation and SDS PAGE until 5h after tracer injection. Pre-treatment with “cold” rIL-1β enhanced degradation of a subsequent injection of tracer. The route of administration was of importance for the biological effects of rIL-1β as demonstrated by a reduced food intake, increased rectal temperature and blood glucose after s.c. injection of rIL-1β compared with i.p. The present demonstration of intact rIL-1β in the circulation and the islets of Langerhans supports the hypothesis that systemic IL-1β may be involved in the initial 1β-cell destruction leading to IDDM in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01583.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect on dental caries of a dental public health program for Danish schoolchildren (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 3 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of a dental public health program comprising schoolchildren under the Danish Act on Child Dental Health has been evaluated after 5 years of operation. The program comprised complete restorative care for all children from kindergarten through the 9th grade (16 years of age), but only children attending kindergarten through third grade (10 years) are included in the present study. Each grade comprised approximately 50 children. A number of preventive procedures such as topical fluoride application, oral hygiene instruction and various other educational procedures have been used. The treatment services resulted in almost complete elimination of the “D” component and the “M” component in the DMFS index. The preventive services resulted in marked reductions in the total DMFS index, and almost complete elimination of new carious lesions after enrollment in the program. The non-experimental nature of the study makes it impossible to determine the effect of each one of the preventive procedures used in the program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1975.tb00301.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a pit- and fissure-sealing program in a public dental health service after 2 years (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 7 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to test the caries-preventive effect of a bis-GMA type fissure sealant (Concise Enamel Bond System®) in a public dental health service for children. The study compared one group of children, in which all sound permanent teeth were sealed, and a control group in which no sealants were placed. During the study period all children received systematic restorative care, while sealing was performed on the basis of diagnoses made at subsequent examinations by one of the authors. After 2 years a total of 187 children were available for re-examination. Sealant retention was comparable to that obtained in previous studies, but no statistically significant reduction in overall caries increment could be demonstrated. Further analysis showed that only 223 sites (had been sealed, while the majority of all erupting sites (394) were either carious or filled before they were screened for the purpose of sealing. It is therefore assumed that only teeth less susceptible to occlusal decay were sealed, thereby explaining the lack of benefit derived from the sealing program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1979.tb01205.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dental caries in Danish children and adolescents 1988–94 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 24 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study is based on data reported from the Danish Municipal Oral Health Service for children and adolescents to the National Board of Health from 1988 to 1994. Only data from municipalities with public clinics for children and adolescents and only age-groups for which reporting was compulsory are included. When each cohort was followed during the years 1988 to 1994, it was shown that caries increment had only decreased slightly in both the deciduous dentition (from 3 to 6 yr) and in the permanent dentition (from 7 to 15 yr) during the beginning of the period and was now almost identical from one cohort to the next. The distribution of individuals in four selected age-groups according to defs and DMFS has become constant during the late 1980s and the early 1990s. It is concluded that the constant decrease in dental caries in Danish children and adolescents observed during the 1970s and early 1980s has now come to a halt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00860.x
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