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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones (1984)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 402 (1984), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Inspiratory neurones ; Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors ; Spike triggered averaging ; Neural control of respiration ; Connectivity of respiratory neurones ; Nuclei of the tractus solitarius ; Hering-Breuer reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The synaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory neurones within a region ventral to the tractus solitarius was determined using intracellular recording and spike triggered averaging techniques. When the vagus nerve was stimulated at intensities eliciting a Hering-Breuer reflex, the difference in mean latency between centrally recorded action potentials of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and e.p.s.p.s of inspiratory beta neurones was 0.2 ms. This difference is indicative of a monosynaptic connection. Extracellular single unit spikes of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors recorded from the nodose ganglion were used to trigger the averaging of synaptic noise recorded from inspiratory neurones. A prominent wave of synaptic depolarization was observed in all inspiratory beta neurones even when a small number of sweeps were averaged. This depolarization was absent from inspiratory alpha neurones. The shape indices of these depolarizations are consistent with a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones. In addition, the data raise the possibility that this connection is multiple and distributed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583324
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the synaptic interconnection between bulbar respiratory neurones of cats (1979)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 380 (1979), S. 245-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Medullary respiratory neurones ; Intracellular recordings ; Reciprocal inhibition ; Recurrent inhibition ; Respiratory gating ; Rhythm generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbital, medullary respiratory neurones of both dorsal and ventral populations were recorded intracellularly with 1 mol·l−1 KCl-electrodes. The neurones were classified according to the projection of their axons to the spinal cord (bulbospinal neurones) or to the vagal nerves (vagal neurones). Those neurones which could not be activated antidromically (NAA-neurones) by either procedure were subdivided into (inspiratory) Rβ-neurones, which were monosynaptically excited by lung stretch receptor afferents, and into inspiratory and expiratory NAA-neurones, which did not receive a direct synaptic input, from these afferents. All types of neurone investigated revealed postsynaptic activity during both inspiration and expiration. The periods when synaptic activity was minimal were the periods of transition between respiratory phases. The input resistance of most respiratory neurones varied in parallel with the respiratory cycle. A drastic fall of the input resistance during expiration was observed in Rβ-neurones and in some inspiratory vagal neurones. This was not seen in inspiratory bulbospinal neurones. In stable intracellular recordings, periodic postsynaptic inhibition was demonstrated in 52 of 53 respiratory neurones by IPSP reversal following chloride injection. Maximal membrane potential then was generally reached during one of the periods of respiratory phase transition. Reasons for the failure of others to demonstrate these IPSPs are presented and discrepancies between other findings and these are discussed. It is concluded that reciprocal inhibition between bulbar respiratory neurones does exist and is a general phenomenon. It is argued that reciprocal inhibition is the fundamental mechanism underlying respiratory gating of afferent inputs. The probable existence of recurrent inhibition is inferred from the changes in the pattern of membrane depolarization during the active period of neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582903
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical basis for host selection byHemileuca oliviae (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1425-1437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Range caterpillar ; Hemileuca oliviae ; Lepidoptera ; Saturniidae ; C4 plants ; C3 plants ; tannins ; grasses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When provided a choice between grass species with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways, larvae of range caterpillar,Hemileuca oliviae Cockerell, selected C4 grasses. The basis for host selection was examined by conducting analyses of moisture, crude protein, total available carbohydrate, sucrose, glucose, astringency, condensed tannin, silica, and pubescence of 14 grass species, and correlating host plant chemical characteristics with host preference. Most of the variation in host preference was explained by tannin characteristics (astringency and condensed tannin); C3 grass species had significantly higher tannin levels than C4 species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990748
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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