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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computed Tomography of the Mediastinum of the Dog by a Six-generation CT Scanner, Different Windows and Peroral and Intravenous Contrast Medium (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The anatomical and clinical studies of computed tomography (CT) in the dog are still scarce. Particularly, there are few CT studies combining the use of rapid apparatus of the latest generation, the supply of contrast medium (digestive or intravenous) and the application of regional specific CT windows with different window width (WW) and window level (WL). The use of this CT methodology is particularly recommended in the evaluation of mediastinal masses, heart pathologies, etc. In this work the mediastinum of the dog was studied by using a sixth generation spiral CT scanner (Toshiba Ex Vision), belonging to the private Medical Institute of Radiology ‘Irion’ of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Four mixed-breed mature dogs (4–6 years, 15–20 kg) were used, two males and two females. The dogs were anaesthetized and kept at a maximum inspiration when getting the images. Previously, the urografin® contrast had been injected by peroral and intravenous (cephalic vein) via. Dogs were placed in a stretcher in sternal recumbency. Different CT windows were applied in order to increase the quality of the images and to obtain detailed attenuation shades of the mediastinum organs: soft tissue window (WW 652; WL -34), pulmonary window (WW 928; WL -680) and mediastinal-vascular window (WW 352; WL 220). The mediastinal space was studied craniocaudally from the level of the cranial cava vein, brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery, to the caudal end of the lumbodiaphragmatic recess. The obtained images allowed a very good tomographic evidence of the great vessels, the heart, the thoracic portion of the trachea, the principal bronchi, the thoracic portion of the oesophagus, etc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_23.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computed Tomography (Ct) of the Liver of the Dog by a Six-generation CT Scanner and Intravenous Contrast Medium (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By computed tomography the liver has an intermediate degree of attenuation, with a CT value (HU) between 70 and 75. However, this number may vary according to the generation of the apparatus, the use of contrasts medium, the efficiency of the detector, etc. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the liver of the dog and related structures by means of a six-generation spiral CT scanner (Toshiba Ex Vision [[Au: please provide manufacturers details for ‘Toshiba Ex Vision’: city, state code (if USA) and Country]]), and the previous injection of intravenous contrast medium via cephalic vein. Four half-breed mature dogs (4–6 years, 15–20 kg) were used, two males and two females. The dogs were anaesthetized and kept over a stretcher in sternal recumbency. To evaluate the liver two different CT windows with different window width and window level were applied: soft tissue window (WW 652; WL -34) and mediastinal-vascular window (WW 352; WL 220). The CT images obtained allowed an excellent resolution at the level of the hepatic lobules, the gall bladder, the porta vein, the hepatic artery, the caudal cava vein, etc. The attenuation shades of these structures were very similar in the two used windows, however a better contrast was obtained with the soft tissue window.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_118.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle Development in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.) and Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.): Further Histochemical and Ultrastructural Aspects (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histochemical profiles - mATPase and NADH-TR reactions - of the red and white muscle fibres of gilthead sea bream and sea bass were determined from the first week after hatching. Modifications of the mATPase technique by combinations of pH/time/molarity were carried out in order to compare the sensitivity of the myosin ATPase of each muscle fibre type of the lateral muscle. Results showed that the staining of muscle fibres was independent of small modifications in the technique. The intermediate ‘pink’ muscle was histochemically defined towards the end of the larval life and is considered to be implicated in the growth of the myotome. A layer of external cells was observed, by electron microscopical examination, between the connective tissue of the skin and the superficial red muscle fibres of larvae and postlarvae. It is suggested that the external cells are unlikely to be a source of red muscle fibres and implicated on the growth of the myotome, but rather a part of the dermatome. The timing, areas and mechanisms of hyperplastic growth of the myotome were defined and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1998.tb00185.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlación Anatomo-radiológica de la Cabeza en la Cabra de Raza Canaria (Capra hircus L.) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 26 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A radiologic and tomographic study was made of the cranioencephalic topography of canary goats of medium weight and size.In a first step, the exocranialis references corresponding to an axis designed at the level of the meatus acusticus externus and parallel to the basicranial axis were anatomically and radiologically defined. Conventional stereotaxic techniques were then used to reach the standard position of the head in order to obtain macroscopical cross sections at different levels perpendicular to the base of the cranium.In a second step, a tomographic study was made to confirm the design of the axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1997.tb00120.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Two Thermal Regimes on the Muscle Growth Dynamics of Sea Bass Larvae, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (2003)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 32 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Muscle growth was studied in larvae of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., reared at two temperatures: real ambient temperature (≅15°C during vitelline phase and increased gradually) and 19°C from fertilization until the end of larval development. Muscle cellularity, body length and body weight were measured.Early temperature influenced larval development and so, pre-larval phase finished earlier at 19°C than at ambient temperature (4 and 6 days, respectively). Temperature also affected muscle growth such that at hatching and at mouth opening hypertrophy of muscle fibres was greater at 19°C (P 〈 0.05), whereas hyperplasia was similar in both groups. After 25 days, the cross-sectional area of the white muscle was greater at 19°C (P 〈 0.05), which was mainly associated with a higher proliferation of new white muscle fibres. At this stage the body length was also higher at 19°C. Metamorphosis finished earlier in fish reared at 19°C (52 days) than at natural temperature (82 days). At this developmental stage body length and cross-sectional area of the myotome were similar in both groups. However, muscle cellularity differed between groups. Thus, hypertrophy of muscle fibres was higher in fish reared at ambient temperature (P 〈 0.05), whereas proliferation of new muscle fibres was higher at 19°C (P 〉 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2003.00482.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Red Muscle Development of Gilthead Sea Bream Sparus aurata (L.): Structural and Ultrastructural Morphometry (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 28 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The transverse red and white muscle area, the superficial red muscle fibres area and their percentages of mitochondria (%mit), myofibrils (%myof) and sarcoplasm (%sarc) were determined in the Mediterranean teleost gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (L.). Fish aged from hatching to 78 days were studied. The proportional growth of the red and white muscles was higher for the red muscle in the first half of the larval stage (1–35 days). Then the opposite relationship was observed. The hypertrophic growth of the superficial muscle fibres was continuous except in the first week after hatching. The percentage of mitochondria and percentage of myofibrils showed a significant change just after the half of the larval stage. Whereas the %mit of the superficial muscle fibres was higher than %myof from the first week after hatching to 35 days (average 66.64 %), then the %mit decreased significantly and at 73–78 days both parameters were close to an average value of 50 %. The meaning of these morphological changes is discussed in relation to the functional role of the red muscle of larvae and the onset of the gills respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.1999.00153.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Post-larval Development of Lateral Musculature in Gilthead Sea Bream Sparus aurata (L.) and Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fibre-type differentiation of lateral musculature has been studied in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.) and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) during post-larval development using ultrastructural, histochemical and morphometric techniques. The study showed three muscle layers: red, intermediate (or pink) and white. Initially, most of the red muscle showed low myosin ATPase (m-ATPase) activity fibres, whereas near the transverse septum some small high m-ATPase activity fibres appeared and later acquired a rosette aspect. Afterwards, during adult growth the red muscle showed a histochemical mosaic appearance. The pink muscle in sea bass was observed at the beginning of juvenile development by the oxidative technique (NADH-RT reaction) whereas in gilthead sea bream it was also observed at the end of larval development. The pink layer consists of high m-ATPase activity fibres. However, along the muscle development other low and moderate m-ATPase activity fibres were observed close to the red and white muscles, respectively. The white muscle of juvenile fish showed a histochemical mosaic appearance near the pink muscle. In adult specimens the mosaic white muscle spread out occupying the whole of the myotome. Morphometric analysis shows a significant increase in mean fibre diameter during post-larval development, as shown by the Student's t-test (hypertrophic growth). Skewness and kurtosis values of fibre diameters point to the generation of a new fibres from the myosatellite cells (hyperplastic growth).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1998.tb00151.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The larval development of lateral musculature in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Muscle growth ; Hypertrophy ; Hyperplasia ; Histochemistry ; Fish ; Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fibre-type differentiation of the lateral musculature has been studied in Sparus aurata (L.) and Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) during larval development. Histochemical and ultrastructural techniques show two presumptive muscle layers and two germinative zones of presumptive myoblasts. At hatching, myotomal muscle consists of a monolayer of thin undifferentiated cells near the skin (first germinative zone) overlying another mono-layer of small diameter fibres extending hypaxially and epaxially away from the transverse septum. Below this, there is a much thicker, deep layer of fibres, generally large in diameter and polygonal in shape. The presumptive myoblasts are located between these two layers of fibres in the second germinative zone. Initially, the superficial and deep muscle fibres show high and low myosin ATPase activity, respectively. Both layers grow by generating new fibres from the two mentioned germinative zones. At the end of larval life, the superficial layer changes its histochemical profile from high to low myosin ATPase activity and, at the same time, intermediate or pink muscle fibres can be observed by oxidative activity (the NADH-TR reaction). Morphometric analysis shows a significant increase in mean fibre diameter during successive ages, as shown by the Student's t-test (hypertrophic growth). Skewness and kurtosis values of fibre diameters point to the generation of a new fibre population from the germinative zones (hyperplastic growth).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307792
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The larval development of lateral musculature in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrastructure ; Muscle growth ; Hypertrophy ; Hyperplasia ; Histochemistry ; Fish ; Sparus aurata ; Dicentrarchus labrax (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Fibre-type differentiation of the lateral musculature has been studied in Sparus aurata (L.) and Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) during larval development. Histochemical and ultrastructural techniques show two presumptive muscle layers and two germinative zones of presumptive myoblasts. At hatching, myotomal muscle consists of a monolayer of thin undifferentiated cells near the skin (first germinative zone) overlying another monolayer of small diameter fibres extending hypaxially and epaxially away from the transverse septum. Below this, there is a much thicker, deep layer of fibres, generally large in diameter and polygonal in shape. The presumptive myoblasts are located between these two layers of fibres in the second germinative zone. Initially, the superficial and deep muscle fibres show high and low myosin ATPase activity, respectively. Both layers grow by generating new fibres from the two mentioned germinative zones. At the end of larval life, the superficial layer changes its histochemical profile from high to low myosin ATPase activity and, at the same time, intermediate or pink muscle fibres can be observed by oxidative activity (the NADH-TR reaction). Morphometric analysis shows a significant increase in mean fibre diameter during successive ages, as shown by the Student’s t-test (hypertrophic growth). Skewness and kurtosis values of fibre diameters point to the generation of a new fibre population from the germinative zones (hyperplastic growth).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307792
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