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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 40 (1971), S. 241-246 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 51 (1973), S. 198-204 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 74 (1977), S. 1574-1581 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Copper deficiency ; Insulin ; Pancreatic enkephalins
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 97 (1965), S. 350-352 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Naltrexone ; Obesity ; Opiate peptides ; Pancreatic islets ; Pituitary ; β-Endorphin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Potassium ion ; pancreas perfusion ; glucagon, insulin ; experimental diabetes mellitus ; insulin clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the arginine-stimulated perfused rat pancreas, elevated concentrations of potassium ion inhibited glucagon secretion while stimulating the secretion of insulin. Decreased potassium ion produced the reverse effect. The observed inverse correlation between changes in insulin and glucagon secretion (r = -0.64; p〈0.001) was suggestive of local interactions between islet hormones, and prompted us to determine whether potassium-induced changes in glucagon secretion were dependent upon concurrent changes in insulin release. We found that when insulin secretion was greatly suppressed, either through acute induction of diabetes with streptozotocin or by utilization of a glucose-free perfusate, no qualitative differences in glucagon responsiveness to altered potassium ion were evident, although the amplitude of these glucagon changes was enhanced. Similarly, when exogenous insulin (20,000 mU/l) was added to the perfusate in order to render potassium-induced changes in endogenous insulin secretion insignificant, glucagon responsiveness to altered potassium ion was maintained. Exogenous insulin alone had no effect on arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion. We conclude that any indirect effects of potassium ion on arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion are not mediated by insulin, but could be related to changes in somatostatin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 8 (1972), S. 136-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Proinsulin ; insulin ; serum IRI (immuno-reactive insulin) ; serum IRI intermediates ; IRI species ; obesity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les composés de la proinsuline et de l'insuline du sérum chez des sujets de poids normal traités à la tolbutamide ou au glucose + tolbutamide se sont montrés homogènes dans la filtration sur Sephadex et dans l'électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide. Le sérum des sujets obèses traités au glucose + tolbutamide contenait, en plus de la proinsuline et de l'insuline, deux substances intermédiaires lorsque l'électrophorèse était faite sur gel de polyacrylamide, par exemple, desdipeptide proinsuline et diarginyle insuline. On suppose que la conversion de la proinsuline en insuline se fait par ces intermédiaires dans les conditions physiologiques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Proinsulin des Serums und Insulinkomponenten von normalgewichtigen Personen, die entweder mit Tolbutamid oder mit Glucose und Tolbutamid behandelt wurden, zeigten sowohl auf Sephadex als auch in der Polyakrylamidelektrophorese einen gleichen Effekt. Serum von Übergewichtigen, welche mit Glucose und Tolbutamid behandelt wurden, enthielt zusätzlich zum Proinsulin und Insulin zwei Zwischensubstanzen bei der Polyakrylamidelektrophorese: Desdipeptid-Proinsulin und Diarginyl-Insulin. Daraus wird abgeleitet, daß die Umwandlung von Proinsulin in Insulin unter physiologischen Bedingungen über diese Zwischensubstanzen verläuft.
    Notes: Summary The serum proinsulin and insulin components of normal weight subjects treated with tolbutamide, or glucose and tolbutamide, were shown to be homogeneous on both Sephadex filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Serum of obese subjects treated with glucose and tolbutamide contained, in addition to proinsulin and insulin, two intermediate species when electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel, i.e., desdipeptide proinsulin and diarginyl insulin. It is suggested that, 1. the conversion of proinsulin to insulin proceeds via these intermediates under physiological conditions, and 2. intermediates may appear in the circulation with excessive elevations of plasma immunoreactive insulin materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Eviscerated rat ; immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) ; immunoreactive insulin (IRI) ; gel filtration ; submaxillary glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eviscerated rats (animals without gastrointestinal tract or pancreas, but with intact liver and kidneys) are diabetic with blood glucose levels of 287 ± 10 mg% (n = 35) 24 h after surgery. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) persisted in these animals at plasma levels of 36 ± 4 μU/ml and 0.29 ± 0.02 ng/ml, respectively. Twenty-four h fasted sham-operated controls, on the other hand, had blood glucose levels of 101 ± 3mg%, plasma IRI levels of 62 ± 8 μU/ml and plasma IRG levels of 0.38 ± 0.05 ng/ml (n = 21). IRG levels were not increased in eviscerated animals by surgical stress, fasting, arginine infusion, or insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, nor did they decrease following somatostatin infusion. IRI levels were similarly unresponsive. An unexplained decrease in IRG followed arginine infusion. Gel filtration studies showed plasma IRI and IRG to consist mainly of the larger molecular weight components with little of the smaller “native hormone” species. The disappearance rates of injected 125I-insulin and 125I-glucagon did not differ from sham-operated controls. Removal of the submaxillary glands from eviscerated animals had no effect on the circulating levels of IRG. Bilateral nephrectomy doubled plasma IRG. It is suggested that persistent IRG and IRI in eviscerated rats represents retained immunoreactive materials with slow rates of degradation, although an unresponsive extravisceral source of IRG can not be ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin patterns ; starvation ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Continuous glucose infusions over a 60 min period were carried out in 24 human subjects. A priming dose of 0.33 gm glucose/kg was followed by a constant infusion of 20 mg glucose/kg/min. The glucose-stimulated insulin release curves were biphasic (Phase I and II) in all subjects. The diabetics, compared with normal controls, showed decreased total insulin release with a greater decrement in phase I. Starvation of normal subjects for 48 h resulted in decreased insulin release, though Phases I and II were equivalently diminished. Rats were starved for 48 h and their pancreata studied in the isolated pancreas perfusion system. Following glucose stimuli, insulin release showed a pattern similar to that of diabetics, namely, decreased total insulin and a greater decrease in phase I than II. It is postulated that this period of starvation for a small animal was far more pronounced than that in man. The altered insulin secretory pattern in prolonged starvation is an additional manifestation of “starvation diabetes” and suggests the possibility of similar defects in starvation and diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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