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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preventing Internal Corrosion of Pipe Lines (1943)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 35 (1943), S. 358-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50399a022
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex differences in anxiety, sensorimotor gating and expression of the α4 subunit of the GABAA receptor in the amygdala after progesterone withdrawal (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a progesterone withdrawal (PWD) model of premenstrual anxiety, we have previously demonstrated that increased hippocampal expression of the α4 subunit of the GABAA receptor (GABAA-R) is closely associated with higher anxiety levels in the elevated plus maze. However, several studies indicate that sex differences in regulation of the GABAA-R in specific brain regions may be an important factor in the observed gender differences in mood disorders. Thus, we investigated possible sex differences in GABAA-R subunit expression and anxiety during PWD. To this end, we utilized the acoustic startle response (ASR) to assess anxiety levels in male and female rats undergoing PWD as the ASR is also applicable to the assessment of human anxiety responses. We also investigated GABAA-R α4 subunit expression in the amygdala, as the amygdala directly regulates the primary startle circuit. Female rats exhibited a greater ASR during PWD than controls, indicating higher levels of anxiety and arousal. In contrast, male rats undergoing PWD did not demonstrate an increased ASR. The sex differences in the ASR were paralleled by sex differences in the expression of the GABAA-R α4 subunit in the amygdala such that α4 subunit expression was up-regulated in females during PWD whereas α4 levels in males undergoing PWD were not altered relative to controls. These findings might have implications regarding gender differences in human mood disorders and the aetiology of premenstrual anxiety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02479.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potassium ion concentration alters glucagon secretion independently of insulin secretion in the isolated rat pancreas (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 22 (1982), S. 188-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Potassium ion ; pancreas perfusion ; glucagon, insulin ; experimental diabetes mellitus ; insulin clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the arginine-stimulated perfused rat pancreas, elevated concentrations of potassium ion inhibited glucagon secretion while stimulating the secretion of insulin. Decreased potassium ion produced the reverse effect. The observed inverse correlation between changes in insulin and glucagon secretion (r = -0.64; p〈0.001) was suggestive of local interactions between islet hormones, and prompted us to determine whether potassium-induced changes in glucagon secretion were dependent upon concurrent changes in insulin release. We found that when insulin secretion was greatly suppressed, either through acute induction of diabetes with streptozotocin or by utilization of a glucose-free perfusate, no qualitative differences in glucagon responsiveness to altered potassium ion were evident, although the amplitude of these glucagon changes was enhanced. Similarly, when exogenous insulin (20,000 mU/l) was added to the perfusate in order to render potassium-induced changes in endogenous insulin secretion insignificant, glucagon responsiveness to altered potassium ion was maintained. Exogenous insulin alone had no effect on arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion. We conclude that any indirect effects of potassium ion on arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion are not mediated by insulin, but could be related to changes in somatostatin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283751
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on persistent circulating immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) found in eviscerated rats with a functional liver (1978)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 14 (1978), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Eviscerated rat ; immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) ; immunoreactive insulin (IRI) ; gel filtration ; submaxillary glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eviscerated rats (animals without gastrointestinal tract or pancreas, but with intact liver and kidneys) are diabetic with blood glucose levels of 287 ± 10 mg% (n = 35) 24 h after surgery. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) persisted in these animals at plasma levels of 36 ± 4 μU/ml and 0.29 ± 0.02 ng/ml, respectively. Twenty-four h fasted sham-operated controls, on the other hand, had blood glucose levels of 101 ± 3mg%, plasma IRI levels of 62 ± 8 μU/ml and plasma IRG levels of 0.38 ± 0.05 ng/ml (n = 21). IRG levels were not increased in eviscerated animals by surgical stress, fasting, arginine infusion, or insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, nor did they decrease following somatostatin infusion. IRI levels were similarly unresponsive. An unexplained decrease in IRG followed arginine infusion. Gel filtration studies showed plasma IRI and IRG to consist mainly of the larger molecular weight components with little of the smaller “native hormone” species. The disappearance rates of injected 125I-insulin and 125I-glucagon did not differ from sham-operated controls. Removal of the submaxillary glands from eviscerated animals had no effect on the circulating levels of IRG. Bilateral nephrectomy doubled plasma IRG. It is suggested that persistent IRG and IRI in eviscerated rats represents retained immunoreactive materials with slow rates of degradation, although an unresponsive extravisceral source of IRG can not be ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429778
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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