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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Structures in Bovine Hoof Epidermis are Influenced by Nutritional Factors (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 28 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the hoof epidermis is the link between nutrition and horn quality. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship of single structures in the process of keratinization and cornification of bovine hoof epidermis to certain nutritional factors such as lipids, minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, we wanted to show the structural changes in the dyskeratotic epidermis caused by an insufficient supply of keratinizing epidermal cells. For our study we used samples of hoof epidermis from 25 dual-purpose dairy cattle, with ages ranging between 2.5 and 4 years. We also obtained a complete set of hooves from a biotin-deficient calf. All samples were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy, using routine methods as well as histochemical and enzyme-histochemical techniques. We focused on epidermal structures that have a major influence on horn quality and are known to be related to single nutritional factors. The strength of the keratin filament bundles is determined by their cross-linking via sulphur-containing amino acids. Essential fatty acids are required for the synthesis of an intercellular cementing substance connecting the horn cells and establishing a permeability barrier in the stratum corneum. Minerals, in particular calcium, are essential for activation of enzymes that are a prerequisite for physiological keratinization and cornification. Furthermore, vitamins such as biotin are essential in the metabolism of the keratinizing epidermal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.1999.00180.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Blutgefäße der Urniere (Mesonephros) des Hausrindes (Bos taurus), eine korrosionsanatomische Untersuchung (2004)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 33 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using scanning electron microscopy plastoid corrosion cast specimens of the mesonephros of 30–45-day-old bovine foetuses were investigated. The studies showed that the blood vessels of the mesonephros are organized in two separate networks similar to these of the teleosts and amphibians. The glomerula mesonephrica originate from the aorta implying that they belong to the high pressure system. The tubuli mesonephrici are surrounded by a filamentous independent capillary network which is shown for the first time in these studies. This capillary network originates from the caudal cardinal veins and represents a mesonephric portal system with a relatively low blood pressure. The blood from the two capillary networks diverts into terminal veins and into the subcardinal veins. The questions of haemodynamics in the mesonephros are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00537.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topography, Structure and Function of the Patella and the Patelloid in Marsupials (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 30 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The patella is a sesamoid bone that is found in most mammals and is regularly located in the insertion tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Up to now, only a little has been known about the topography, structure and function of the patella in marsupials. Therefore the stifles of 61 marsupials of 30 different species were studied by radiography, necropsy and light microscopy. It was found that only the family of bandicoots (Peramelidae) possessed a typical patella. The other species revealed a patelloid consisting of fibrocartilage. The structure of the patelloid revealed common characteristic features in the following families of marsupials: (1) Dasyuridae, Phalangeridae, Pseudocheriidae, and Potoroidae; (2) Burramyidae; (3) Phascolarctidae, Vombatidae, and Dendrolagus; and (4) Superfamily Macropodoidea (except Dendrolagus and Potoroidae). Our results imply that the degree of differentiation in the fibrocartilage of the patelloid was strongly correlated to the mechanical forces acting on the patelloid which are a result of the specific kind of locomotion and the way of life. Generally the bony patella does not belong to the phylogenetic programme of the marsupials – with the exception of the bandicoots which are very closely related to the subclass of placental mammals (Eutheria).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2001.00334.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascularization of the Fleshy Comb in the Domestic Chicken (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Up to now little is known about the vascularization of the chicken fleshy comb (crista carnosa). In order to evaluate the vascularization of the crista carnosa of the cook (breed White Leghorn), corrosion casts were created by injecting Plastoid into the internal carotid as described by Schummer (1951). Specimens were investigated by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Generally the dermis is highly vascularized by two capillary networks, which are localized beneath the epithelium and beneath the dermal papillas. The dense subepithelial network is characterized by the presence of sinusoid vessels. In the subcutaneous plexus numerous arteriovenous anastomoses of different types occur. Additionally there are arteriovenous anastomoses between the main vessels reaching the indentations of the comb. Our results show the presence of superficial and dense capillary networks and arteriovenous anastomoses are the anatomical basis for the functions of the chicken comb in mating behaviour and thermoregulation.Reference  Schummer, A. 1951: Simplified method for plastoid corrosion. Anat. Anaz. 98, 288–290.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_126.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenesis of the Chicken Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The avian lung shows fundamental differences to its mammalian counterpart and is characterized by a larger surface area and a thinner gas-blood barrier. These features provide the morphological basis for the enhanced respiratory efficiency of the avian lung. However, they also predispose this organ to an increased risk of injury by pathogenic microorganisms. In order to investigate the host–pathogen interaction during pulmonary infection and vaccine delivery by aerosol immunization a detailed knowledge of the structure and ontogenesis of the bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is required. For this reason the BALT of chickens aged from 1 day to 6 months was studied by immunohistochemistry (ICC), transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as by FACS analysis. During the first 2 weeks after hatching no organized lymphatic structures were found. At this time, the defence system was based on the presence of cells of the unspecific innate immune system. In the third week after hatching lymphoid follicles begin to develop at the branching of primary and secondary bronchi. These develop into a highly organized bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) characterized by high endothelial venules and a follicle associated epithelium (FAE) with ‘M-cell-like’ cells. However, pathogens that have successfully crossed this initial barrier are additionally confronted with large numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages distributed around the parabronchi. Our results imply that the BALT is the first and most important structure encountering antigen and microbial pathogens, thus playing a central role in the initiation of a specific immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_93.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascularization of the Ciliary Body and Iridocorneal Angle in the Avian Eye (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In experimental ophthalmology avian models play an important role in the investigation of the pathophysiology of glaucomas. One major problem in establishing new experimental designs is a deficiency in basic anatomical data of the avian eye bulb. The aim of this study was to give a detailed description of the vascularization of the ciliary body and the iridocorneal angle in the avian eye. The vascular anatomy of the avian eye was studied in 50 birds of different species and orders (Phasianiformes, Accipitriformes, Columbiformes) by light microscopy as well as by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of corrosion cast specimen. The comparison of the different species revealed that independently of the bird order the vessels were orientated in a similar way, thus enabling to establish a schematic diagram. There is a redundancy in the arterial blood supply of the ciliary body and iridocorneal angle, which is supplied by the circulus arteriosus iridis and the circulus arteriosus. For the first time we were able to create a corrosion cast of the complete avian sinus venosus sclerae by injection of a liquid plastic (Reckli®, Chemiewerkstatt GmbH, Herne, Germany) in the venous system. The sinus venosus sclerae is characterized by a double-ring like structure. It drains into several vv. ciliares anteriores reaching the circulus venosus sclerae. A clearer understanding of the vascularization of the anterior eye segment, in particular of the sinus venosus sclerae, provides a step forward in experimental ophthalmology, especially regarding glaucoma research based on an avian model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_94.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In person versus telephone treatment for obesity
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 7 (1976), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7916
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-7916(76)90109-9
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite Element Model Updating for Damage Localisation and Quantification Using Experimental Modal Data (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 293-294 (Sept. 2005), p. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this contribution we present a validation of an identification procedure and a modeling method with regard to detection, localisation and quantification of damage in a structure. Vibration measurements of an excited experimental structure are used as input for a stochastic subspace system identification algorithm. The identified experimental modal data (eigenvalues and mode shapes) serve to update the underlying finite element model. The experimental setup consists of a cantilever beam and an additional equipment to damage the structure locally and progressively. In contrast to earlier contributions the evolution of damage is quantified in order to estimate the lifetime of the structure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/49/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.293-294.297.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capsaicin preferentially affects small-diameter acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion cell bodies (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 111 (1996), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal root ganglion cells ; Capsaicin ; Cell diameter ; IH ; Action potential ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of capsaicin were tested on 221 acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons of the rat, which ranged in diameter from 15 to 55 μm. In a subpopulation of these cells, ranging in diameter from 17.5 to 33 μm (n=117), capsaicin (1 μM) produced an inward shift in holding current that was associated with an increase in membrane conductance in most cells (114 of 117). These effects of capsaicin were reversible upon washout of the drug. Other cells ranging in diameter from 15 to 52.5 μm (n=104) were unaffected in this manner by the 1 μm concentration of capsaicin. Capsaicin-sensitive cells had, on average, significantly longer duration action potentials and expressed significantly less IH than capsaicin-insensitive cells. The relatively long duration action potentials and/or small cell body diameter and paucity of IH observed in most of the capsaicin-sensitive cells is consistent with their representing C- or Aδ-type sensory neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229552
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric Lead Deposition from 12,400 to ca. 2,000 yrs BP in a Peat Bog Profile, Jura Mountains, Switzerland (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 100 (1997), S. 311-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The bog at Etang de la Gruère (Jura Mountains, Switzerland) consists of 420 cm of Sphagnum-dominated bog peat overlying 230 cm of Carex-dominated fen peat. One hundred cm below the bog surface, there is a pronounced peak in lead (Pb) concentration (approx. 10 µg/g) which has been dated at 2110 ± 30 BP and can be attributed to Roman Pb mining and smelting. Lead concentrations in peats from deeper, much older layers were measured using ICP-MS and found to be low and relatively constant (0.28 ± 0.04 µg/g, n = 17) from 405 cm to 235 cm which corresponds to the period from approx. 8,000 and 5,500 years before present (BP). In this same interval, scandium (Sc) concentrations (measured using INAA) were 0.07 ± 0.02 µg/g, yielding an average Pb/Sc ratio of 4.1 ± 1.2. These values are assumed to represent the true "background" Pb and Sc concentrations and Pb/Sc ratios of pre-anthropogenic aerosols. At 205 cm the Pb concentrations began to increase by 2 to 3 times, but these are proportional to the increases in aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), silicon (Si), and Sc, and reflect an increase in Pb deposition supplied by silicate-derived soil dust. This depth, dated at 5,230 BP, coincides with the development of agriculture and indicates the impact of soil cultivation on metal fluxes to the air. At 115 cm, however, the Pb concentrations increase out of proportion with Sc; this point was dated at 3,000 BP and reflects the beginning of Pb contamination by mining and metallurgy in Europe and the Middle East. There are two pronounced peaks in Pb concentrations centered at 435 cm and 555 cm, corresponding with local maxima in ash and ash-forming major elements at the same depths. These samples have been dated at 8,230 BP and 10,590 BP, respectively, indicating the Vasset/Killian volcanic events (Massif Central, France) and Younger-Dryas cold phase as the most likely explanations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018341029549
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