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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suite 500, 5th Floor, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Science Inc.
    International journal of gynecological cancer 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Whether the size of a retroperitoneal lymph node reflects its status is not clear. We measured the size of 125 positive and 160 negative pelvic lymph nodes in 32 consecutive patients with node-positive endometrial cancer. The measurements were compared with those of 143 pelvic lymph nodes of five randomly selected patients with endometrial cancer without node involvement. Overall, positive lymph nodes were larger than negative lymph nodes in both node-positive patients and node- negative controls (P 〈 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the size of positive lymph nodes and the size of the metastasis therein (P 〈 0.01). However, 68 of 125 (54%) positive lymph nodes measured less than 10 mm in maximum diameter, while 46 of 160 (29%) negative lymph nodes in node-positive patients measured more than 10 mm in maximum diameter. The metastasis was detected in more than 50% of step-serial sections in only 74% of positive lymph nodes. These data suggest that the size of a lymph node does not reliably reflect its status. Thus, these nodes may be missed if only enlarged nodes are removed. If only one section of a lymph node is performed, at least 26% of metastases will be missed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 45 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : To analyse 90 vulvar and 72 penile cases of lichen sclerosus (LS) on haematoxylin and eosin sections for vascular changes and the vascular infiltrates immunohistochemically with antibodies to T cells, B cells and antigen-presenting dendritic cells. LS is a skin disease of presumed autoimmune origin. Autoimmune diseases are mediated by lymphocytes which occasionally produce a lymphocytic vasculitis.Methods and results : Three types of lymphocytic infiltrates were identified: (i) perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates without damage to vessel walls; (ii) lymphocytic vasculitis in three forms: (a) concentric lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with lamination of the adventitia by basement membrane material which was typical for penile LS; (b) lymphocytic vasculitis with dense perivascular lymphocytic cuffing with occasional fibrin deposition in vessel walls and subendothelial lymphocyte infiltration, quite common in vulvar LS; and (c) intramural lymphocytic infiltrates in large muscular vessels; (iii) leukocytoclastic vasculitis in LS was exceptionally rare. In lymphocytic vasculitis, CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells were the principal infiltrating cells.Conclusions : Dendritic cells capture (foreign) antigens after entry into the affected tissues and initiate immune responses acting as a matrix on which antigen-specific T and B cells interact. The described vascular features are indicative of antigen-mediated vasculitic changes in LS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 47 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS), a lymphocyte-mediated chronic skin disease, begins with uncharacteristic symptoms and progresses undiagnosed to atrophy and destructive scarring. Some patients with longstanding advanced LS have an increased risk of vulvar carcinoma. Early LS is treatable, although not curable, if diagnosed early. Therefore, patients with persistent vulvar symptoms should be biopsied to establish the diagnosis. In contrast to advanced LS, the histological features in early LS are quite subtle and often more prominent in adnexal structures than in interfollicular skin. Adnexal structures show acanthosis, luminal hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis with/without dystrophic hair and basement membrane thickening. The epidermis/mucosa shows mild irregular, occasionally psoriasiform acanthosis and focal basement membrane thickening. Early dermal changes are homogenized collagen and wide ectatic capillaries in dermal papillae immediately beneath the basement membrane. The lymphocytic infiltrate can be sparse or dense, lichenoid or interstitial with epidermal lymphocyte exocytosis and lymphocytic/lymphohistiocytic vasculitis. Dermal melanophages indicate preceding keratinocyte/melanocyte destruction. Biopsy specimens of early LS rarely display all features. Therefore, serial sections and periodic acid–Schiff reactions are necessary for their identification. Recognition and treatment of these early stages of LS may result in longstanding remission. Progression to atrophic stages with their associated morbidity and even to squamous cell carcinoma may be prevented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 42 (1903), S. 670-674 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 43 (1904), S. 324-328 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Halogenochalcogenates(IV) ; oxonium ions ; supramolecular systems ; pentabromotellurate(IV) ; hexabromoselenate(IV) ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Oxonium Bromochalcogenates(IV)  -  Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of [H3O][TeBr5] · 3 C4H8O2 and [H3O]2[SeBr6]Dark red crystals of the composition [H3O][TeBr5] · 3 C4H8O2 (1) were isolated from a saturated solution of TeBr4 in 1,4-dioxane containing a small amount of water. In this compound (space group P21/m, a = 8.922(4) Å, b = 13.204(7) Å, c = 9.853(5) Å, β = 91.82(4)° at 150 K) a square pyramidal [TeBr5]- anion has been isolated for the first time. The coordination sphere of the anion is completed to a distorted octahedron by weak interaction with a dioxane molecule of the cationic system. The [H3O]+ cations are connected to chains by dioxane molecules. At room temperature the compound is stable only in its mother liquor. Crystalline [H3O]2[SeBr6] (2) (space group Fm3m, a = 10.421(1) Å at 170 K) is a bromoselenous acid of high symmetry. The [H3O]+ ion is only weakly coordinated by Br atoms of the anion. The anions are isolated octahedral [SeBr6]2- units. The structure is isotypic to the K2[PtCl6] structure. Despite being a halogenochalcogen(IV) acid, 2 exhibits a remarkable thermal stability. Both oxonium compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. Vibrational spectra of 2 are reported.
    Notes: Tiefrote Kristalle der Zusammensetzung [H3O][TeBr5] · 3 C4H8O2 (1) wurden aus einer gesättigten Lösung von TeBr4 in wasserhaltigem 1,4-Dioxan dargestellt. In der Verbindung (Raumgruppe P21/m, a = 8.922(4) Å, b = 13.204(7) Å, c = 9.853(5) Å, β = 91.82(4)° bei 150 K) konnte erstmals ein quadratisch-pyramidales [TeBr5]- -Anion isoliert werden. Dessen Koordinationspolyeder wird durch eine schwache Wechselwirkung mit einem 1,4-Dioxan-Molekül zu einem verzerrten Oktaeder vervollständigt. Die [H3O]+-Kationen sind durch 1,4-Dioxan-Moleküle zu Ketten verknüpft. Die Säure ist bei Raumtemperatur nur in ihrer Mutterlauge stabil. [H3O]2[SeBr6] (2) (Raumgruppe Fm3m, a = 10.421(1) Å bei 170 K) ist eine hochsymmetrisch kristallisierende Bromoselen(IV)-säure, mit der es gelang, ein nur sehr schwach durch Br-Atome des Anions koordiniertes [H3O]+-Ion zu isolieren. Die anionische Einheit besteht aus freien, unverzerrt oktaedrischen [SeBr6]2--Ionen. Die Kristallstruktur ist isotyp zu K2[PtCl6]. Die Verbindung zeigt eine für Halogenochalkogen(IV)-säuren bemerkenswerte thermische Stabilität. Beide Oxoniumsalze wurden durch vollständige Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert. Über schwingungsspektroskopische Untersuchungen an 2 wird berichtet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Crystal structure ; halogenochalcogenates(IV) ; oxohalogenochalcogenates(IV) ; tetrahlorooxoselenate(IV) ; decabromodiselenate(IV) ; tridecachlorotritellurate(IV) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stabilization of Oxohalogeno and Halogenochalcogenates(IV) by Proton Acceptors - Synthesis, Structures and Properties of [C4H10NO]2[SeOCl4], [C4H10NO]2[Se2Br10] and [(CH3)2CHC(NH2)(OH)][Te3Cl13] · (CH3)2CHCNPale yellow crystals of the compound [C4H10NO]2[SeOCl4] (1) were isolated by adding morpholine to a saturated solution of SeCl4 in 98% ethanol (space group Pnma, a = 7.731(5) Å, b = 21.053(16) Å, c = 9.725(8) Å at 150 K). The square pyramidal [SeOCl4]2 anion in this morpholinium salt is a partial hydrolysis product of chloroselenates(IV). The anions are connected to chains by weak Se … Cl interactions. The morpholinium cations form hydrogen bonds to Cl atoms of the anions.The red compound [C4H10NO]2[Se2Br10] (2) was synthesised by adding morpholine to a saturated solution of SeBr4 in 47% hydrobromic acid (space group P21/c, a = 8.357(2) Å, b = 17.656(6) Å, c = 8.495(2) Å, β = 95.49(2)° at 150 K). The [Se2Br10]2- anions consist of two edge sharing distorted octahedra. Intermolecular interactions connect the anions to a two-dimensional network.[(CH3)2CHC(NH2)(OH)][Te3Cl13]·(CH3)2CHCN (3) was isolated from a solution of TeCl4 in iso-butyronitrile/conc. HCl (space group P1, a = 8.718(2) Å, b = 11.030(2) Å, c = 15.756(4) Å, α = 84.49(2)°, β = 79.24(2)°, γ = 86.10(2)° at 170 K). The [Te3Cl13]- anions consist of three distorted cis-edge sharing octahedra. A two-dimensional anionic network is formed by Cl…Cl interactions. The cation is a protonated iso-butyric amide. 1, 2 and 3 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. Raman spectra of 1 and 2 are reported.
    Notes: Aus einer gesättigten Lösung von SeCl4 in 98% igem Ethanol konnten durch Zugabe von Morpholin blaßgelbe Kristalle der Verbindung [C4H10NO]2[SeOCl4] (1) gewonnen werden (Raumgruppe Pnma, a = 7.731(5) Å, b = 21.053(16) Å, c = 9.725(8) Å bei 150 K). In 1 liegt ein Teilhydrolyseprodukt der Chloroselenate(IV), das quadratisch pyramidale [SeOCl4]2--Anion, als Morpholiniumsulzvor. Die Anionen sind über schwache Se… Cl-Wechselwirkungen zu Ketten verknüpft. Die Morpholinium-Kationen bilden Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zu Cl-Atomen der Anionen aus.[C4H10NO]2[Se2Br10] (2) kann aus einer gesättigten Lösung von SeBr4 in 47% iger wäßriger Bromwasserstoffsäure durch Zugabe von Morpholin in Form roter Kristalle erhalten werden (Raumgruppe P21/c, a = 8.357(2) Å, b = 17.656(6) Å, c = 8.495(2) Å, β = 95.49(2)° bei 150 K). Die [Se2Br10]2 -Anionen bestehen aus zwei kantenverknüpften verzerrten SeBr6-Oktaedern. Intermolekulare Anion-Anion-Wechselwirkungen verknüpfen die Anionen zu einem zweidimensionalen Netzwerk.[(CH3)2CHC(NH2)(OH)][Te3Cl13] · (CH3)2CHCN (3) wurde aus einer Lösung von TeCl4 in iso-Butyronitril/konz. HCl dargestellt (Raumgruppe P1, a = 8.718(2) Å, b = 11.030(2) Å, c = 15.756(4) Å, α = 84.49(2)°, β = 79.24(2)°, γ = 86.10(2)° bei 170 K). Die [Te3Cl13]--Anionen bestehen aus drei cis-kanten-verknüpften verzerrten Oktaedern und sind über Cl … Cl Wechselwirkungen zu einem zweidimensionalen Netzwerk verknüpft. Als Kationen treten protonierte Isobuttersäure-amid-Moleküle auf. 1, 2 und 3 wurden durch vollständige Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert. Über Raman-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an 1 und 2 wird berichtet.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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