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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between fluoride in enamel, DMFT Index and fluorosis in high- and low-fluoride areas in South Africa (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 5 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: abstract The DMFT Index, degree of fluorosis (DEGF), and enamel fluoride concentration (F) were determined in 88 children living in a high- and 79 children living in a low-fluoride area in South Africa. The following interrelationships between these parameters were found: in both areas there was a significant negative correlation between log F and age; in the high-fluoride area there was a significant positive correlation between log F and DEGF; and in the combined data from the two areas there were significant correlations between log F and area, log F and age, and log F and DEGF, and a significant association between DEGF and area. There were no significant correlations between DMFT and log F and between DMFT and DEGF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1977.tb01618.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships among fluoride concentration in enamel, degree of fluorosis and caries incidence in a community residing in a high fluoride area (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 8 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The caries inhibitory effect of optimally fluoridated drinking water is well documented. Communities are often exposed to naturally fluoridated water with F content exceeding the optimal level. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between enamel fluoride, degree of fluorosis (DEGF) and caries incidence (DMFT) in an endemic fluoride area.Eighty-five 14- to 16-year-old children (37 males and 48 females) who were born and had been living continually in the town of Kenhardt in South Africa were selected for this study. The fluoride content of the common water supply is 3.2 ppm F. The DMFT and DEGF were determined clinically. Acid etch biopsies were carried out on both maxillary central incisors of each subject. Ca and F analysis were carried out and mass enamel expressed in μg and mass F in pg. Data transformations to logc, mass F (1nF), logc mass En (1nEn) and 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:09042512:JOP224:JOP_224_mu1" location="equation/JOP_224_mu1.gif"/〉 were made. The 1nF values were corrected to a standarized depth of 10 μm (208.6 μg enamel equivalent mass) by covariance analysis. Correlations between the parameters 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:09042512:JOP224:JOP_224_mu1" location="equation/JOP_224_mu1.gif"/〉, 1nF and DEGF were calculated, adjusting for the sex of the individual.The correlations were as follows: 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu2" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:09042512:JOP224:JOP_224_mu2"/〉 A positive association among the three parameters was established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1979.tb01889.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulpal response to phosphoric acid (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 3 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The chemical treatment of tooth surfaces to improve bonding of dental materials to enamel and dentin is one of the approaches in overcoming the lack of adhesion of the available restorative materials to tooth structure. The acid etch technique is now an accepted procedure in restorative and preventive dentistry and for the direct bonding of orthodontic attachments. The pulpal response elicited by one of the conditioning agents, 50 % H3PO4 applied for 1 minute, was investigated in the teeth of the vervet monkey. The differences between most of the criteria used to evaluate the pulpal responses in acid-treated and control teeth at three time intervals, namely 4, 14 and 42 days, were statistically significant. These results suggest that a protective lining should be used to cover exposed dentin before etching adjacent enamel surfaces with 50 % H3PO4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1974.tb01703.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The quantitative analysis of Sb, Ag, Zn, Co and Fe in human dental calculus by neutron activation analysis and high-resolution gamma spectrometry (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 8 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sample to be analysed, and a standard of known composition, were irradiated simultaneously in the poolside facility of a nuclear reactor for 130 hours in a thermal neutron flux of approximately 2×1013 n.cm−2. sec−1, and the induced radioactivity compared after a cooling period of four weeks. The investigation was done with a high resolution Ge(Li) detector coupled to a fully transistorized 4000 channel analyser. The concentration of five elements, namely Sb, Ag, Zn, Co and Fe, was determined in human dental calculus by instrumental activation analysis and found to be 0,68 ppm, 0,18 ppm, 174 ppm, 0,08 ppm and 54 ppm respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1973.tb00766.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulpal response to a new composite dental restorative material (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 2 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A new composite restorative material, Enamelite, has recently been introduced for the conservative treatment of cervical erosion and hypoplastic enamel surfaces. The pulpal response elided by the restorative material was investigated in teeth of the vervet monkey and compared to a modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement.Buccal or labial Class V cavities were prepared in 128 teeth in six vervet monkeys. The teeth in contralateral segments were restored with the restorative and control materials, respectively. The experimental animals were killed at 4, 14 and 42 days.The restorative and control materials exhibited about the same minimal degree of cellular displacement and inflammatory response at each of the three postoperative time intervals.The percentage of specimens with reparative dentin increased progressively with time. At all three intervals the restorative material elicited a greater response than the control zinc oxide-eugenol cement.The results suggest that the clinical application of the restorative material on cervical eroded or hypoplastic enamel surfaces without a protective lining is a safe procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1973.tb01684.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is a low viscosity bonding resin necessary? (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 8 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Low viscosity bonding resins have been introduced for use on etched enamel surfaces prior to the application of the viscous composite resins. In this in vitro study the effects of a low viscosity bonding resin on the bond strength, adaptation and microleakage of a composite resin to etched enamel were evaluated. The low viscosity bonding resin did not improve the tensile bond strength of a composite resin to etched enamel, did not increase resin penetration into etched enamel and did not decrease marginal leakage at the composite resin/etched enamel interface. The continued use of low viscosity bonding resins in clinical dentistry is questioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1981.tb00500.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of three etching solutions (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 1 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conditioning of the enamel surface is an accepted procedure in several disciplines of dentistry to obtain increased bonding of dental materials to tooth surfaces. Three etching solutions commonly in use are 50% phosphoric acid, 50% phosphoric acid attenuated with 7% zinc oxide by weight and 50% citric acid. The effects of these solutions on the contact angle of an uncured epoxy resin on, and the bond strength of an epoxy resin formulation to polished enamel surfaces were investigated and compared with the results obtained on polished, unconditioned surfaces. In addition, the rates of etching of enamel surfaces by these acids were determined. The attenuated phosphoric acid produced the greatest reduction in contact angles and the most marked increase in bond strengths. 50% phosphoric acid etched the enamel surface to a greater extent than the other conditioning solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1974.tb01483.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyruvic acid as an etching agent (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 3 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Phosphoric acid at different concentrations has been extensively used as an etching agent to improve bonding of dental materials to enamel surfaces. Recently attention has been drawn to the possible use of polyfunctional organic acids as conditioning agents.The object of this investigation was to determine the optimal concentration of pyruvic acid as an etching agent. A commercial composite resin with an intermediary bonding system supplied with 37% H3PO4 as an etching agent was used as the control system. In addition, a comparative study was carried out to evaluate 37% H3PO4, 20% lactic acid and the optimal concentration of pyruvic acid as conditioning solutions.Etching enamel surfaces with 10% pyruvic acid resulted in the optimal tensile bond strength of the resin to etched enamel surfaces. The use of 10% pyruvic acid did not adversely affect the bond strength of the resin system when compared to enamel surfaces etched with 37% H3PO4 for the same time period. Significantly lower tensile bond strengths were recorded on enamel surfaces etched with 20% lactic acid. The rate and depth of etching obtained with 37% H3PO4 can be considerably reduced by using 10% pyruvic acid as the conditioning agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1976.tb00950.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of three etching solutions: effects on enamel surface and adhesive-enamel interface (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 2 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chemical treatment of enamel surfaces is an approach in obtaining increased bonding of dental materials to tooth surfaces. Three etching solutions commonly used at present are 50% H3PO4, 50% H3PO4 attenuated with 7% zinc oxide and 50% citric acid.The effects of these three conditioning solutions on normal and polished enamel surfaces and on the interfaces between untreated enamel and etched enamel surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy.The variable etching pattern observed with each of the acids made a comparative study difficult. This was further complicated by the dependence of the etching action on prism orientation on polished enamel surfaces. Additional factors that have to be considered are the presence of prismless enamel and perikymata.Surface profile recordings of polished and acid-etched polished enamel surfaces provided some quantitative measure of the etching action of the conditioning solutions.The 50% citric acid solution had the mildest etching action while 50% H3PO4 and 50% H3PO4 attenuated with 7% zinc oxide elicited comparable responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1975.tb00912.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microleakage of conventional and microfilled composite restorative resins (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 16 (1982), S. 901-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Microfilled composite resins have been introduced in clinical dentistry because of the difficulty in finishing conventional composite resins satisfactorily. Owing to the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion of the two resin systems, the objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate microleakage of a conventional and a microfilled composite resin. Class V cavities with butt cavosurface margins were prepared in the middle third of the facial surfaces of the crowns of 80 noncarious human premolar teeth; they were acid etched within the preparations only. Forty preparations were restored with Concise composite and forty with Silar microfilled resin. Ten teeth from each group were subjected to cyclic temperature changes between 5 and 55°C for 1000, 2500, or 5000 cycles, respectively, and ten teeth from each group were not cycled (controls). After suitable preparation, the teeth were immersed in 45Ca solution for 18 h and contact radiographs were prepared. Microleakage was scored 0-3 at both the cervical and occulusal margins of the restorations. Microleakage was significantly greater at the cervical margins than at the occlusal margins. Differences within occlusal and cervical microleakages among the two resins were not significant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820160614
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