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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size- and density-dependent reproductive success of bagworms, Metisa plana (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 375-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Metisa plana ; bagworms ; protogyny ; pupal mortality ; mating success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study conducted in a Malaysian plantation of oil palm over 5 consecutive generations of bagworms, Metisa plana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), evaluated extent and causes of variability for 3 components of reproductive success: pupal mortality, mating success and fecundity. The population of M. plana in the experimental site exhibited cycles of 70–80 days with discrete generations. Females emerged before males during all generations. Relatively large proportions of M. plana did not reproduce, either because they did not survive as pupa or (for females) mate as adult. Occurrence of unmated female bagworms may be attributed to complex mating procedure, short lifespan of females, limited mating capacity of males, protogyny inducing female-biased operational sex-ratio, and/or flightlessness per se constraining mating success of females. Size attained at pupation is a significant component of reproductive success, with large individuals having greatest survival during pupal stage, mating success and fecundity. Population density also influenced reproductive success of M. plana: female and (to a lesser extent) male larvae on crowded palms attained small size at pupation; survival of pupae was density-dependent during 2 generations for females and density-independent during 5 generations for males; mating success of females was inverse density-dependent during 4 generations. Size- and density-dependent mating success of females may be attributed to mate choice by males, size-dependent pheromone production by and longevity of females, and/or disorientation of mate-seeking males around heavily infested palms. Long-term studies are needed to determine whether and to what extent attributes of oil palm, seasonal fluctuations of abiotic factors and inter-generational variations of reproductive success influence population dynamics of M. plana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003619511525
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pupation site and emergence time influence the mating success of bagworm females,Oiketicus kirbyi (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Oiketicus kirbyi ; bagworms ; pupation site ; female mating success ; protogyny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In commercial oil palm plantations in Costa Rica, we tested the hypotheses that pupation site and emergence time affect the mating success of protogynous female bagworms,Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). Greater proportions of female than male pupae on upper leaves of oil palms and greater proportions of mated females in the upper rather than lower crown strata support the hypothesis that selection of pupation site by female larvae influences the mating success of adults. Increasing captures of males with increasing trap height further suggest that enhanced mating success of females in tree tops may be attributed either to most effective dissemination of sex pheromone on higher sites, or to males foraging predominantly in the upper strata of oil palms. As the majority of females pupated in the middle rather than upper crown of oil palms, selection of pupation site by females may be affected by additional as yet unknown factors. Emergence of females significntly preceded emergence of males. Increasing proportions of mated females throughout the emergence seasons probably resulted from an increased ‘availability’ of males. In tropical rainforests with local variations inO. kirbyi developmental time and stage, protogyny may represent an evolutionary strategy that furthers outbreeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383032
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethyl propionate: Synergistic kairomone for african palm weevil,Rhynchophorus phoenicis L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 889-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Rhynchophorus phoenicis ; Elaeis quineensis ; kairomone ; synergism ; oil palm ; palm weevil ; palm volatiles ; host selection ; primary attraction ; aggregation pheromone ; 3-methyl-octan-4-ol ; ethyl acetate ; ethyl propionate ; isobutyl propionate ; ethyl butyrate ; ethyl isobutyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Small trunk pieces of a freshly felled 10-year-old oil palm,Elaeis quineensis (Jacq.), were placed in a modified Nalgene desiccator, and volatiles captured for six days on Porapak Q. Gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of Porapak-Q-trapped volatiles with both flame ionization (FID) and electroantennographic detection (EAD) using male or femaleR. phoenicis antennae revealed several EAD-active compounds. They were identified as: ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, isobutyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, and ethyl isobutyrate. In field experiments in the La Me Research Station, Côte d'Ivoire, ethyl propionate (50 mg/24 hr) but not all esters combined (50 mg/24 hr each) significantly increased capture ofR. phoenicis in pheromone-baited (3 mg/24 hr) traps. One kilogram of 1- to 3-day-old palm tissue was significantly more effective than ethyl propionate in enhancing pheromone attraction. Superior attraction of palm tissue may be attributed to additional as yet unknown semiochemicals. Alternatively, release rates and/or ratios of synthetic volatiles differed from those of palm tissue at peak attraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059585
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiral esters: Sex pheromone of the bagworm,Oiketicus kirbyi (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 3083-3096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Psychidae ; Oiketicus kirbyi ; bagworm ; sex pheromone ; pheromone chirality ; 1-methylbutyl octanoate ; 1-methylbutyl non-anoate ; 1-methylbutyl decanoate ; 1-methylbutyl dodecanoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone extract of female bagworms,Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding), revealed five EAD-active compounds. Retention index calculations, GC-mass spectrometry in both full-scan and selected-ion monitoring modes and GC-EAD analyses of authentic standards identified the compounds as 1-methylbutyl octanoate (MBO), 1-methylbutyl nonanoate (MBN), 1-methylbutyl decanoate (MBD), 1-methylpentyl decanoate (MPD), and 1-methylbutyl dodecanoate (MBDD). Of these five chiral esters, MBD was most abundant in extracts and elicited the strongest antennal response. In field experiments in Costa Rica, (R)-MBD attractedO. kirbyi males, whereas (S)-MBD in combination with (R)-MBD inhibited response.R but notS enantiomers of MBO, MBN, and MBDD strongly synergized attraction to (R)-MBD. (S)-MBO and (S)-MBDD were inactive, whereas (S)-MBN was inhibitory. (R)-, (S)- and racemic MPD were inactive. Blends of (R)-MBD in ternary combination with either (R)-MBO and (R)-MBN or (R)-MBN and (R)-MBDD were as attractive as the five-ester blend. Five- and four-ester blends were equally attractive, suggesting redundancy of pheromone components for attraction of males. The multiple sex pheromone component blend of chiral esters inO. kirbyi may have evolved to maintain species-specific communication in bagworm communities of tropical Americas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033712
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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