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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 81 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Peripherin is a type III intermediate filament (IF) abundantly expressed in developing neurons, but in the adult, it is primarily found in neurons extending to the peripheral nervous system. It has been suggested that peripherin may play a role in axonal elongation and/or cytoskeletal stabilization during development and regeneration. To further clarify the function of peripherin, we generated and characterized mice with a targeted disruption of the peripherin gene. The peripherin null mice were viable, reproduced normally and did not exhibit overt phenotypes. Microscopic analysis revealed no gross morphological defects in the ventral and dorsal roots, spinal cord, retina and gut, but protein analyses showed increased levels of the type IV IF α-internexin in ventral roots of peripherin null mice. Whereas the number and caliber of myelinated motor and sensory axons in the L5 roots remained unchanged in peripherin knockout mice, there was a substantial reduction (∼ 34%) in the number of L5 unmyelinated sensory fibers that correlated with a decreased binding of the lectin IB4. These results demonstrate a requirement of peripherin for the proper development of a subset of sensory neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of CNS over-expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) on primary sensory neurons. To achieve this objective a transgenic mouse model was generated which bore a chick NGF gene driven by the myelin basic protein promoter. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that high levels of NGF mRNA were detected in the spinal cord of adult transgenic mice. Using immunocytochemistry NGF-immunoreactive (IR) oligodendrocytes were observed throughout the white matter. Furthermore, numerous ectopic substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-IR fibres were detected in the white matter of the spinal cord of transgenic mice. NGF-IR oligodendrocytes and ectopic SP- and CGRP- fibres were entirely absent from control mice. In the cervical and lumbar dorsal root ganglia, the percentages of SP-IR neurons were significantly higher in transgenic mice when compared with controls. At the electron microscope level, ectopic SP- and CGRP-IR fibres were characterized as unmyelinated axons and axonal boutons. SP co-localized with CGRP in some of those axonal boutons and fibres. Capsaicin treatment of adult mice completely abolished the ectopic SP-IR fibres, confirming their primary sensory origin. Our results indicate that primary sensory neurons are responsive to NGF over-expression in the CNS. Ectopic SP- and CGRP-IR fibres in the white matter are likely to represent collateral sprouts of the central processes of the dorsal root ganglion cells which were triggered by NGF over-expressed in the myelinating oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of transgenic mice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In this study we used immunocytochemistry to investigate whether autonomic fibres sprouted in the skin of the lower lip in a rat model of neuropathic pain. We used a bilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the mental nerve (MN), a branch of the trigeminal nerve. In this model, we also studied the accompanying changes in peptidergic [calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive] sensory fibres, as well as in trkA receptor immunoreactivity in the sensory nerves. Autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) fibre sprouting was first observed 1 week post-injury with a peak in the number of sprouted fibres occurring at 4 and 6 weeks post-CCI. CGRP-IR fibres almost disappeared at 2 weeks post-CCI, but quickly sprouted, leading to a significant peak above sham levels 4 weeks post-injury. trkA receptor expression was found to be up-regulated in small cutaneous nerves 4 weeks post-CCI, returning to sham levels by 8 weeks post-CCI. There was no sympathetic fibre sprouting in the trigeminal ganglion following CCI. At 4 weeks post-CCI, rats displayed spontaneous, directed grooming to the area innervated by the MN that was not seen in sham animals, which we interpreted as a sign of spontaneous pain or dysesthesiae. Collectively, our findings indicate that as a result of autonomic sprouting due to CCI of the MN, remaining intact nociceptive fibres may potentially develop sensitivity to sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation, which may have a role in the generation of abnormal pain following nerve injury.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 46 (1993), S. 155-164 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Schlagwort(e): Autoradiography ; Dorsal horn ; Electron microscopy ; Enkephalin ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Spinal cord ; Substance P ; Triple labelling
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 22 (1988), S. 158 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Terminal degeneration ; Dorsal rhizotomy ; Glomeruli ; Spinal cord ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary After cervical dorsal rhizotomy, small dark central terminals (CI) of glomeruli underwent electron dense changes at 8 h and were all degenerated at 36 h; their number persisted, though slightly diminished, up to 15 days, glial engulfment being negligible. Light large central terminals without neurofilaments (CIIa) showed electron-lucent or electron-dense degeneration from 14 to 36 h, while those with neurofilaments (CIIb) exhibited increased neurofilamentous areas, with depletion and presynaptic concentration of synaptic vesicles as in the electron-lucent change, at the 8–36 h postrhizotomy periods. Both CII-varieties were all degenerated at 36 h and became electron dense at 48 h; glial phagocytosis was intense and no terminals were present after 4 days. It is concluded that in the rat the 3 types of central glomerular terminals are primary axons, and that each type undergoes a different pattern of degeneration which points to a separate primary afferent origin. Numerous nonglomerular axodendritic endings began showing electron-dense degeneration at 8 h which rapidly masked their normal structure, although most appeared to contain round agranular vesicles, and some of them dense-cored vesicles (in lamina I). A few endings exhibited electronlucent degeneration. Labeling methods seem preferable for studying the primary origin of nonglomerular terminals, due to the difficulty in recognizing the normal predegenerative structure of these profiles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using serial section EM analysis, synaptic organization of glomeruli in lamina II of the dorsal horn of the rat has been examined. Four CI-terminals (small, dark and sinuous), four CIIa (large, light and regular, without neurofilaments) and four CIIb, (with neurofilaments) at the centres of synaptic glomeruli of types I, IIa and IIb, respectively, were serially sectioned and reconstructed. Asymmetrical synapses between the central terminal (C) and dendritic profiles without synaptic vesicles (D) prevailed in all types of glomeruli. Symmetrical dendroaxonic contacts with presynaptic dendrites (V1 → C) occurred practically only in type I glomeruli in which there were also more asymmetrical C → V1 contacts than in type II glomeruli. Symmetrical axoaxonic synapses V2 → C were more abundant in type IIa and IIb glomeruli. Type IIa glomeruli had a significantly larger number of C → D synapses and of all synapses per unit area of C surface, than type IIb glomeruli. Triadic systems with C and D postsynaptic to V2 were nearly as numerous as those involving V1 in type I glomeruli. Triads with V2 were however largely preponderant in type IIa and virtually exclusive in type IIb. It thus seems that each of the three types of glomerulus has its own pattern of synaptic interactions which might reflect specific complexes of feed-forward and feed-back mechanisms. In type I glomeruli, excitation of second-order neurons by nociceptive CI terminals may be controlled in similar proportions by presynaptic dendrites excited within the glomerulus by the C terminal itself, or by peripheral axons excited from outside the glomerulus. This kind of control is likely to prevail in type IIa glomeruli and to be the only efficient modulatory mechanism in type IIb glomeruli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The monoclonal antibody Alz-50 has been proposed as a marker for cellular pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease. However, it has been reported that this antibody also reacts with specific epitopes in normal individuals. Furthermore, intense Alz-50 immunoreactivity has been recently described in the hypothalamus and spinal cord of rat and monkey. In the present study, we analysed the distribution pattern of Alz-50 immunostaining in the spinal cord of the adult rat. Using light microscopy, immunostained fibres and varicosities were detected mainly in laminae I-II, although some immunostaining could be detected in deeper laminae. At the ultrastructural level, immunostained axonal varicosities could be detected in lamina I and the outer two thirds of lamina II. The varicosities appeared either scalloped or dome-shaped and contained numerous agranular synaptic vesicles and a few dense-core vesicles. Most varicosities were presynaptic to dendrites. A few immunostained cell bodies and dendrites were also observed, but glial cells were never immunostained. Some ultrathin sections were processed for postembedding immunogold detection of calcitonin gene-related peptide and GABA immunoreactivities. Most of the varicosities which were immunoreactive for Alz-50 also showed calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity. In contrast, GABA immunoreactivity was never co-localized with Alz-50 immunoreactivity. These results indicate that, in the superficial dorsal horn, the epitope recognized by the Alz-50 antibody is located mainly, but not exclusively, in primary sensory fibres.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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