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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body water content and desiccation resistance in some arthropods from subantarctic South Georgia (1990)
    Springer
    Polar biology 10 (1990), S. 581-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The body water content and resistance to desiccation were studied in two perimylopid beetles, Perimylops antarcticus and Hydromedion sparsutum, a chironomid midge, Eretmoptera murphyi, and two spiders, Notiomaso australis and Perimaso grytvikensis from the subantarctic island of South Georgia. Comparisons were made between different species, different life stages and, where possible, between a high and a low altitude. Perimylops is abundant at higher elevations and in more exposed habitats (fellfields). This may be accounted for by its feeding behaviour, high body water content (relative to Hydromedion) and low rate of water loss under desiccating conditions, particularly in the larval stages. Hydromedion is more abundant at the lower collection site. It is a more robust beetle than Perimylops and its feeding preference is for plants such as grasses and Acaena. Nevertheless, at the upper site adult Hydromedion are able to withstand desiccation to an even greater degree than Perimylops. Water loss rates for both beetles are significantly higher than those reported for related beetles from arid and semi-arid regions. The ability to regulate water loss is not as apparent in the polar perimylopids Perimylops and Hydromedion as in related species from other xeric habitats. These two species, in fact, resemble more closely carabid beetles in xeric habitats in rates of water loss under controlled conditions. Increased temperatures elevate the rate of water loss significantly. South Georgia spiders have a similar rate of water loss to several species of spiders that have been studied in the temperate zone. Eretmoptera is restricted to moist conditions and cannot survive desiccating conditions even for brief periods. It has the highest body water content (78% of fresh weight) of all of the South Georgian arthropods studied. Among the spiders, sufficient information could be obtained only for Notiomaso. This species is much less resistant to desiccation than the perimylopid beetles, and it has a relatively high body water content. It is quite numerous in the lower, warmer habitats where its insect prey is more abundant and diverse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239369
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding in the two phytophagous beetles Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus from South Georgia (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 10 (1989), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The consumption of fresh plant materials by adults and larvae of Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus (Col., Perimylopidae) was estimated from the production of faecal pellets and amount of excreted plant remnants as dry weight. Adults and larvae of Hydromedion consumed large quantities of grasses, including the alien Poa annua, but smaller amounts of the indigenous great burnet, Acaena magellanica. Both stages of Perimylops consumed much smaller quantities of grasses and Acaena. Different species of mosses were eaten in both species, and appeared to be a major source of food for Perimylops in addition to microphytes on rocks. The consumption of mosses and microphytes reflects the adaptation of Perimylops to living in habitats at higher altitudes (e.g. above 200 m), where other plants are scarce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239159
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory metabolism of Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus (Col., Perimylopidae) from South Georgia (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 10 (1989), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Metabolic rates were studied in adults and larvae of the two phytophagous beetles Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus (Col., Perimylopidae) indigenous to the Sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. From the regression lines for log10 metabolic rate on temperature no difference in oxygen consumption was found between adults and larvae of Hydromedion or adults of Perimylops from lower sites near sea level and upper sites at about 200 m. Elevated rates of metabolism, however, was found in larvae of Perimylops from upper sites. The slopes of the regression lines of corresponding upper and lower sites adults or larvae were similar in all cases. The metabolic rates were of the same level in adults of both species and in the larvae, but generally higher in adults than in larvae. The activation energies, calculated from Arrhenius plots, varied from 6.7 to 13.6 kcal.mol−1 in larvae and from 10.7 to 11.3 kcal.mol−1 in adults. The low values may be interpreted as an expression of cold adapted metabolism. Compared with published data on phytophagous beetles, the metabolic rates of the two species from South Georgia are comparable to two alpine species, but lower than the rates of an Arctic species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239158
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a sex attractant and an inhibitor for monitoring winter moth and bruce spanworm populations (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1319-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; Operophtera bruceata (Hulst) ; Bruce spanworm ; Operophetra brumata L. ; winter moth ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene ; inhibitor ; (E,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A single sex pherormone component was isolated from abdominal tip extracts of female Bruce spanworm.Operophtera bruceata (Hulst). This was identified as (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene by capillary gas chromatography (GC), electroantennography, and mass spectrometry. In addition, hexane extracts of female abdominal tips from Bruce spanworm and the winter moth.O. brumata L., were analyzed by GC coupled to an electroantennographic detector (GC-EAD). The extracts ofO. bruceata andO. brumata females elicited only a single response, at the same retention time, from antennae of their conspecific and reciprocal males. In field tests conducted in Saskatchewan, traps baited with the synthetic tetraene captured Bruce spanworm males. In tests carried out on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, where the two species coexist, both Bruce spanworm and winter moth males were captured. The attractancy of lures containing the synthetic pheromone alone and in combination with several structurally related analogs was field tested at both locations. One of these, an isomer of the natural pheromone, (E,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene, inhibited the capture of Bruce spanworm males but had no effect upon the number of winter moth males which were taken. Thus, populations of these two very similar species can be distinguished by employing traps baited with pheromone ± the inhibitor. Coneorifice Hara traps were found useful for field trapping males of both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012279
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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