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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Authors' reply (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 104 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb12010.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early prediction of pre-eclampsia by measurement of kallikrein and creatinine on a random urine sample (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To assess the measurement of inactive urinary kallikrein (IUK) to creatinine (Cr) ratio (IUK:Cr) on an untimed urine sample, collected between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, as a predictive test for the development of both proteinuric and nonproteinuric pre-eclampsia.Design A prospective longitudinal study.Setting A clinic for antenatal care and a university research department.Participants Three hundred and seven normotensive women randomly selected (124 nulliparous and 183 parous) attending the antenatal clinic for their booking visit.Main outcome measures 1. Nonproteinuric pre-eclampsia: a rise in diastolic blood pressure of 25 mmHg or more and a crossing of the threshold of 90 mmHg; 2. Proteinuric pre-eclampsia: same as 1. plus the development of significant proteinuria (〉 1+ on urine dipstick).Results Thirty-seven women developed pre-eclampsia, 12 of whom had proteinuria. Median 1UK:Cr ratio in this group was 78.27, compared with 358.19 in the remainder. Analysis of receiver-operator characteristics gave an area under the curve of 0803. An IUK:Cr ratio of 170 or less in this study predicted nonproteinuric or proteinuric pre-eclampsia with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 86%. Ten of the twelve women who had proteinuria had an 1UK:Cr below 170. Median 1UK:Cr for those with proteinuric pre-eclampsia was 72.91.Conclusions Measurement of 1 UK: Cr on a urine sample, collected between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation, represents a simple and practical test for the risk of subsequent pre-eclampsia, with a sensitivity and specificity comparable to those reported by other investigators using the widely recognised, but less practical, angiotensin I1 sensitivity test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09767.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to Spodoptera exigua in Apium prostratum (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ; Apium sp. ; linear furanocoumarins ; plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two Apium accessions were compared with the commercial cultivar ‘Tall Utah’ 52–70R (A. graveolens [L.]) for resistance to Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Oviposition rate was not significantly different between the three genotypes. In all accessions, eggs were usually placed on the upper half of the plants. Implications of this oviposition pattern on S. exigua management in celery are discussed. The wild species A. prostratum ssp prostratum var filiform (A230) showed a significantly higher resistance to S. exigua than 52–70R. The levels of carcinogenic and mutagenic linear furanocoumarins in the commercial cultivar 52–70R (1.41 μg/g in the petioles; 5.85 μg/g in the leaves) and in the plant accession A. nodiflorum (5.40 μg/g in the petioles; 2.99 μg/g in the leaves) were far below the concentration reported to produce acute contact dermatitis (18.0 μg/g). The levels of furanocoumarins in A. prostratum petioles (186.14 μg/g) and leaves (326.45 μg/g) were 10 and 18 times higher, respectively, than the concentration known to cause contact dermatitis. However, resistance in A. prostratum was primarily due to non-preference and the linear furanocoumarins did not induce non-preference. Therefore, the resistance shown by this plant accession does not appear to be furanocoumarin-based and may be suitable for transfer to commercial celery for use in S. exigua management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162985
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A caffeic acid ester mediates host recognition by a parasitic wasp (1993)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 80 (1993), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01140427
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the sex pheromone of the Hessian fly,Mayetiola destructor (Say) (1991)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 78 (1991), S. 130-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131490
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and field testing of enantiomers of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxydienes as sex attractants for geometrid moths (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2317-2339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; behavioral antagonist ; enantiomer ; (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3R,4S)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z,6S,7R)-epoxyheptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3R,4S)-epoxy-nonadecadiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Stereoselective syntheses of chiral C17 to C21 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxydienes were developed. Field tests of the enantiomerically enriched epoxides as components of synthetic sex attractant lures were carried out, and those with C17 and C19 chain lengths, particularly, were attractive to male moths of several species. Moths were usually specifically attracted by one of a pair of enantiomers, and the opposite enantiomer could actually be a behavioral antagonist. Males belonging to nine species of Geometridae were captured.Probole amicaria (Herrich-Schäffer) males were taken in traps baited with the mixture (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-19∶H) + 3Z,9Z,6R,7S-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H(9∶1∶8). Other species responding to the C19 compounds included (attractant components follow in parentheses);Sicya macularia (Harris) (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H),Anavitrinella pampinaria (Guenée) (6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,9Z,6S,7R-epoxy-19∶H), andLycia ursaria (Walker) (6Z,9Z-3S, 4R-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H). Males of the following species were captured byC 17 epoxides:Itame occiduaria (Packard) (6Z,9Z,3R,4S-epoxy-17∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H),Itame brunneata (Thunberg) (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-17∶H),Epelis truncataria (Walker) (both enantiomers of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-17∶H),Semiothisa ulsterata (Pearsall) (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-17∶H), andS. signaria dispuncta (Walker) (3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-17∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H). The interactions among enantiomers and regioisomers are discussed as a mechanism by which cross attraction between sympatric species is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026941
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex attractants and sex pheromone components of noctuid mothsEuclidea cuspidea,Caenurgina distincta, and geometrid mothEupithecia annulata (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 2095-2111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; sex attractant ; Noctuidae ; Geometridae ; epoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone components and sex attractant blends consisting of 3Z,6Z,9Z-triene hydrocarbons and racemic and chiral forms of3Z,6Z-cis-9, 10-epoxydienes have been elucidated for two noctuid and one geometrid moth species. MaleEuclidea cuspidea moths were attracted to blends of 3Z,6Z,9Z-heneicosatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-21∶H) with 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-21∶H). In addition to these compounds, 3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶H, and two regioisomeric C21 epoxides were tentatively identified in pheromone gland extracts.Caenurgina distincta moths were attracted by an 8∶∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶H with3Z,6Z-cis- 9,10-epoxy-20∶H.Eupithecia annulata moths were attracted by either 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-20∶H or 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-21∶H, and by the 95,10R enantiomer of each epoxide. 3Z,6Z,9Z-21∶H and 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-21∶H were tentatively identified from pheromone glands. Pheromone components were identified by a combination of coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and field bioassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987994
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (3Z,6Z,9Z)-Nonadecatriene and enantiomers of (3Z,9Z)-cis-6,7-Epoxy-nonadecadiene as sex attractants for two geometrid and one noctuid moth species (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2153-2166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; Geometridae ; Noctuidae ; Eufidonia convergaria ; Caripeta angustiorata ; Rivula propinqualis ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene ; (3Z,9Z)-(6R,7S)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z)-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex attractants for the geometrid mothsEufidonia convergaria andCaripeta angustiorata, and the noctuid mothRivula propinqualis have been elucidated during field screening of a series of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons (C17–22), and the racemic and enantiomerically enriched monoepoxydienes derived from those hydrocarbons. Biologically active compounds were identified by a combination of field testing of synthetic standards, electroantennography, and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection.E. convergaria males were optimally attracted by a 1∶1 blend of (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-19∶H); other abbreviations follow the same system) with (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H). The 6R,7S enantiomer of the epoxide had no apparent biological activity, either as an attractant or as a behavioral antagonist. Male moths also were attracted to blends of the C18 and C20 homologs of the triene and the epoxide. 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and 3Z,6Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19∶H were identified inE. convergaria female pheromone gland extracts. Males of the geometrid moth speciesC. angustiorata were attracted by a 1∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6R,7S-epoxy-19∶H. Males of the noctuid mothR. propinqualis were attracted by an approximately 10∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6S, 7R-epoxy-19∶H. The components were synergistic, with neither being attractive alone. The blend ratio was quite specific, as the attractiveness of blends decreased sharply on either side of the optimum ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026927
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and field testing of female-produced sex pheromone components of the spring cankerworm,Paleacrita vernata Peck (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3393-3409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; attractant ; 6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecadiene ; 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecatriene ; 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-eicosatriene ; 6(Z),9(Z)-cis-3 ; 4-epoxynonadecadiene ; Paleacrita vernata ; spring cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; trap height ; behavioral antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two sex pheromone components, 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19 ∶ H), and 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-eicosatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶ H), have been positively identified, and a third component, 6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecadiene (6(Z),9(Z)-19 ∶ H) has been tentatively identified from abdominal tip extracts of female spring cankerworm moths,Paleacrita vernata Peck (Lepidoptera∶ Geometridae). The pheromone components were identified by a combination of gas chromatography, electroantennography, mass spectrometry, chemical tests, comparison with standards, and field testing. Only 3Z,6Z,9Z-20 ∶ H exhibited significant attractant activity when tested alone, and it was potentiated by the other two components. The attractive blend was an 8∶2∶1 ratio of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶H/3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H/6Z,9Z-19∶H. However, the two-component blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20 ∶ H and 6Z,9Z-19 ∶ H (8∶1 ratio) was as attractive as the three-component blend in further field tests. A series of related compounds, the diene monoepoxides available from epoxidation of C19 and C20 3Z,6Z,9Z-trienes, some of which have been found in the pheromone blends of other moth species, were tested as behavioral antagonists. The attraction of male moths to synthetic lures was suppressed by the addition of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene to the lures. Additional experiments were performed to determine the effects of lure dosage, trap height, and trap design on the numbers of male moths captured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and electrophysiological activity of (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate, a mimic of the major sex pheromone component of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2331-2352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; mimic ; (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate ; wind tunnel ; attractant ; electrophysiology ; receptor cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral and electrophysiological activity of a mimic [(Z,E)7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate] of the major sex pheromone component [(Z,E) 9,11,13-tetradecatrienal] of carob moth was assessed. Wind-tunnel bioassays demonstrated that the formate was as effective as natural gland extracts, and significantly more effective than the trienal alone or than the trienal blended with two minor pheromone components, in evoking source contact. Dispensers containing the formate were as effective as trienal-containing blend lures in attracting males when placed at the same dosage in traps in date gardens. Single-cell recordings showed that at least two olfactory neurons, differentiated by spike amplitude, are located in the long trichoid hairs on male carob moth antennae. Dose-response relationships indicated that puffs from cartridges loaded with at least 0.1 μg of the formate or of the trienal were necessary to elicit spiking by either the small or the large-spiking cell within a sensillum. Cross-adaptation studies demonstrated that both compounds stimulated the same large-spiking cell. The frequencies of spikes evoked from the large cell when stimulated by emissions from 0.1-μg, 1-μg, or 10-μg cartridges of either the formate or the trienal were not significantly different, suggesting that the formate is an effective mimic of the trienal at the antennal receptor cell level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984953
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