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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Georg Haas: A forgotten pioneer of haemodialysis (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY: Georg Haas (1886–1971) is a forgotten pioneer who had made seminal contributions to the development of the concept of haemodialysis. He was the first to carry out clinically successful haemodialyses. After a period of thorough physicochemical training he lucidly formulated the physical principles underlying haemodialysis, but faced enormous practical difficulties because of the insufficient state of bioengineering. This prevented a more widespread introduction of the technique which was clinically successful despite limited dialytic efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00352.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifestyle modification and progressive renal failure (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 10 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY:  There is increasing evidence that lifestyle factors impact on the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the risk of progression of CKD. Equally important is the consideration that patients with CKD are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than to reach the stage of end-stage renal failure. It is advantageous that manoeuvres that interfere with progression at the same time also reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Lifestyle factors that aggravate progression include, among others, smoking, obesity and dietary salt intake. Alcohol consumption, according to some preliminary information, has a bimodal relationship to cardiovascular risk and progression, with moderate consumption being protective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2005.00439.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endstage renal failure in diabetes type II - a silent epidemic (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY: Endstage renal failure in patients with type II diabetes has become, or will become, the leading cause of endstage renal failure in different countries with Western life style. the incidence of the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus, mostly type II, amongst patients admitted for renal replacement therapy, is continuously on the rise, and somewhat less so the prevalence of diabetic patients on renal replacement therapy. the discrepancy is due to the higher mortality in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. the causes for the increase comprises of increasing prevalence of type II diabetes in the population, better survival in diabetic patients with nephropathy, and other factors. Efforts to stem this medical catastrophy will necessitate (i) information of the medical community: about the renal risk of type II diabetes and the striking effectiveness of preventive measures, (ii) implementation of better care of the diabetic patient, and (iii) efforts to reduce the high prevalence of diabetes in the population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00363.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nephropathy in Type II diabetes (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: The incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal failure due to renal involvement in patients with type II diabetes has increased in the Western world and in Asia. Interesting differences of prevalence of this disease are found between nations. the reasons for the increase in the frequency of nephropathy in type II diabetes include: (i) an increasing prevalence of type II diabetes; (ii) ageing of the population; and (iii) improved survival of patients with type II diabetes. Today patients frequently live long enough to develop diabetic nephropathy. In contrast with previous opinion, no major differences in renal involvement is found between type I and type II diabetes. This applies to renal haemodynamics as well as renal histology, although non-specific changes, presumably of an ischaemic nature are more frequently found in patients with type II diabetes. the renal risk appears to be similar in type II diabetes (i.e. cumulative prevalence of proteinuria and rate of progression to renal failure).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.1996.tb00138.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approaches to the management of renal bone disease (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: The major, although not the exclusive, factors in the pathogenesis of renal bone disease are: (i) inappropriate renal production of calcitriol; (ii) variable resistance to the action of calcitriol, both abnormalities eliciting; (iii) secondary hyperparathyroidism with increased hormonal secretion and in the long-term parathyroid hyperplasia: first polyclonal and then monoclonal; and (iv) variable resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the receptor and also the post receptor level altering the relationship between PTH concentration and bone turnover. Unresolved in pathogenesis issues concern the role of phosphate (direct or indirect stimulatory action on the parathyroid and the quantitative contribution to parathyroid stimulation of changes in calcaemia (altered Ca sensor-mediated signal to the parathyroid?). Unresolved practical problems concern: (i) optimal time of administration of calcitriol (prophylactic vs therapeutic); (ii) the dose of calcitriol (recent evidence showing that very low levels are both safe with respect to hypercalcaemia and efficaceous); (iii) the mode of administration (continuous vs intermittent; intravenous [i.v.] vs per oral; [p.o.]); and (iv) the choice of dialysate Ca concentration (low concentration permitting higher CaCO3 and calcitriol dosage, but exposing to the risk of negative Ca balance). Recent controlled studies have shed some light on these issues. Very low doses of calcitriol (0.125 μg/day) prevent a further rise of 1,84 PTH without causing hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria or hyperphosphataemia. A controlled head-on comparison failed to show a significant difference between i.v. and p.o. calcitriol with respect to PTH response or side effects. Because of the high prevalence of monoclonal growth in advanced nodular parathyroid hyperplasia there is an increasing tendency to advocate early parathy-roidectomy or alternative procedures (injection of alcohol in the parathyroids).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.1996.tb00170.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renin-dependent water intake in hypovolemia (1988)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 412 (1988), S. 574-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renin ; Angiotensin ; Thirst ; Hypovolemia ; Polyethleneglycol ; Saralasin ; Captopril ; Enalapril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of the renin-angiotensin system as a mediator of water intake, induced by hypovolemia after polyethylene glycol (PEG) injection, was investigated. Blockade of angiotensin I converting enzyme and of angiotensin receptors was used as a pharmacological tool. A significant reduction of water intake was observed when angiotensin 1 converting enzyme was inhibited by captopril and enalapril. In PEG-treated rats with blockade of angiotensin I converting enzyme, hypertonic saline injection continued to elicit substantial drinking. Normalization of low blood pressure by vasopressin infusions in PEG and captopril treated rats did not interfere with the antidipsogenic effectiveness of converting enzyme blockade. The angiotensin II receptor antagonist, saralasin, also reduced PEG-induced drinking although less effectively than converting enzyme inhibitors. We conclude that water intake due to isotonic depletion of the extracellular fluid compartment may depend on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583757
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal development in experimental uremia (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 376 (1977), S. 145-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Uremia ; Uremic osteodystrophy ; Parathyroid hormone ; Vitamin D ; Erythropoietin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neugeborene urÄmischer hÄmodialysierter Mütter zeigen weder eine Knochenerkrankung noch eine AnÄmie, obwohl eine metabolische Osteopathie des mütterlichen Skelets (sekundÄrer Hyperparathyroidismus, Osteomalacie infolge gestörten Vitamin-D-Stoffwechsels) und eine AnÄmie (Ausfall der Erythropoetinsynthese) bestehen. An Feten urÄmischer Ratten wurden daher Knochenbildung und Erythropoese untersucht. Die Knochenentwicklung war in Skeletabschnitten mit enchondraler und desmaler Verknöcherung unauffÄllig. Die Mineralisation von Knorpel (prÄparatorische Verkalkungszone) und Osteoid erfolgte regelrecht. Nach einer Sto\injektion hoher Dosen exogenen Parathormons in den mütterlichen oder fetalen Kreislauf wurde keine Abweichung des fetalen Knochenaufbaus beobachtet. In den Feten rachitischer Mutterratten konnte kein typischer rachitischer Mineralisationsdefekt nachgewiesen werden. Die unauffÄllige Mineralisation im Skelet von Feten urÄmischer Ratten — bei nachweisbaren Mineralisationsdefekten im Skelet ausgewachsener urÄmischer Ratten — wird auf die fetale Hyperphosphatemie und/oder die FÄhigkeit des embryonalen Faserknochens, auch bei fehlender Vitamin-D-Einwirkung zu mineralisieren, zurückgeführt.
    Notes: Summary Uremic women on hemodialysis with metabolic bone disease (hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia resulting from defective vitamin D metabolism) and anemia (erythropoietin deficiency) are known to give birth to infants without bone disease or anemia. Therefore, skeletal development (enchondral and desmal bone formation) and hepatic erythropoiesis were evaluated in fetuses of uremic rats. These fetuses failed to show defective mineralisation or evidence of bone disease. Bolus injection of high doses of exogenous PTH into the maternal or fetal organism did not affect fetal bone histology. In addition, no apparent defect of bone mineralisation or bone formation was found in fetuses of ricketic rats. Normal mineralisation in the offspring of uremic rats may be explained by fetal hyperphosphatemia and/or insensitivity of fetal (woven) bone mineralisation to vitamin D. Absence of fetal anemia (normal hematocrits, normal density of hematopoietic cells in the liver) in the presence of maternal anemia is presumably due to the insensitivity of fetal erythropoiesis to erythropoietin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432585
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foreign body giant cell reaction in lungs, liver and spleen (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 392 (1981), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Haemodialysis ; Foreign body reaction ; Plastic material ; Macrophages ; RES
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Accumulation of a foreign material in grotesque quantities was observed in the macrophages of lung, liver and spleen of a patient on maintenance haemodialysis. The material appeared in macrophages which were found either in groups or singly, without causing epitheloid cell reaction, necrosis or fibrosis. The material was non-isotropic, non-crystalline and did not stain with routine staining procedures. Transmission electron microscopy showed its presence within lysosomal membranes. The nature of the material and the mechanism of its incorporation into the patient remain unclear, but it is conceivable that incorporation is a consequence of longterm interaction of blood and foreign material during haemodialysis. The clinical consequences of such incorporation have to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430550
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acquired cystic transformation of the kidneys of haemodialysed patients (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Haemodialysis ; Kidney ; Cystic transformation ; Neoplastic transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study, the kidneys of patients who had been on maintenance haemodialysis for variable periods of time were examined at autopsy. In 21 of the 22 patients, multiple pinhead-size to pea-size, nonloculated cysts were observed both in the cortex and the medulla. In some of the cysts (4/20 patients), papillary adenomata were observed which were visible by light microscopy in 3 cases and macroscopically in 1 case. Clinical complications resulting from haemorrhage or neoplastic transformation were not observed in any of the patients of this series. Similar cysts, smaller in size and fewer in number, were also observed in kidneys of uraemic patients who had not been dialysed. Thus, the lesion does not appear to be a specific consequence of maintenance haemodialysis. It appears more likely that extensive cystic transformation of the kidneys of patients in terminal renal failure is made possible by prolonged survival on maintenance haemodialysis. The possibility of malignant transformation of the papillomata cannot be refuted, but epidemiological surveys fail to document more frequent occurrence of renal carcinoma in dialysed patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427230
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I on kidney function and kidney growth (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 5 (1991), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Insulin-like growth factor ; Renal growth ; Hyperfiltration ; Acromegaly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hypopituitarism and increased GFR in acromegaly suggest that growth hormone (GH) has a substantial effect on renal haemodynamics. Extractive and recombinant human (rh) GH in healthy volunteers increased effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and GFR by 10% and 15% respectively. Renal response to GH was delayed and occurred at the same time as an increase in plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I values, whereas infusion of rhIGF-I promptly increased GFR and ERPF, indicating that the haemodynamic response of the kidney to GH is mediated by IGF-I. In chronic renal failure (CRF), the acute effect of GH on GFR is obliterated. This might protect the diseased kidney against the undesired consequences of hyperfiltration. Indeed, rhGH treatment for 1 year in children with CRF did not lead to an accelerated decline in GFR compared with the year before treatment. GH and IGF-I also effect renal growth. Exposure to excessive GH in transgenic mice causes renomegaly and progressive glomerular selerosis. In acromegalic humans, increased renal size and weight and increased glomerular diameter are well known, whereas renal failure is not a long-term hazard. At least in normal and hypophysectomized rats treated with doses comparable with the therapeutic regimens used in stunted children, rhGH increased renal weight but in proportion to the increase in body weight indicating an isometric effect of GH on renal growth. From these data, major renal longterm side effects of rhGH treatment in children with CRF appear unlikely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01453692
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