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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case report 579 (1989)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 18 (1989), S. 603-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355337
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ubiquitin marks the reactive swellings of diffuse axonal injury (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ubiquitin ; Neurofilament ; Diffuse axonal injury ; Immunohistochemistry ; Head Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ubiquitin is a protein that targets proteins for non-lysosomal degradation. It has been found to be present in a number of inclusions characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Using the fluid percussion model of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), we now report that the reactive axonal swellings and the retraction balls produced in this model stain positively with antiubiquitin immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the affected axons become ubiquitin positive quickly (with-in the first 6 h after injury). Anti-ubiquitin immunohistochemistry compares well with the recently reported ability of antibodies to low molecular weight neurofilament proteins to demonstrate reactive axonal change in DAI, and it could provide additional clues to the pathogenesis of axonal transection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230489
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aseptic meningitis due to atheromatous material in the subarachnoid space (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Aseptic Meningitis ; Atheromatous Material ; Hypersensitivity ; Electron Microscopy ; Macrophages ; Pia-Arachnoid ; Granuloma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 500 mg of sterile pooled human atheromatous material was injected into the cisterna magna of 6 mongrel dogs. Repeated cisternal punctures were done at various intervals until sacrifice from 1 day to 28 days following injection. CSF was obtained for cell count, sugar, protein and analysis in the Technicon 6/60 which measured 14 additional chemical and enzymatic variables. All 6 animals showed a prompt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis which largely subsided during the first 2 weeks after injection. Increased CSF protein content developed more slowly, but was more prolonged than the pleocytosis. There was a variable decrease in CSF sugar and increase in CSF lactate dehydrogenase, calcium and inorganic phosphorous. Light and electron microscopic studies showed an intense acute inflammatory reaction with marked phagocytosis of the foregin material, probably by arachnoidal cells and moderate edematous changes in the astrocytic processes at the site of injection. During the first 2 weeks after the injection the inflammatory reaction became chronic and the edematous changes in the medulla subsided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685439
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superiority of PCNU over AZQ in the treatment of primary brain tumors: results of a prospective randomized trial (81-20) by the brain tumor study group (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 22 (1994), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: brain tumors ; radiation therapy ; PCNU ; AZQ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purpose A two-arm randomized clinical trial was performed to determine the efficacy of PCNU and AZQ in the treatment ofde novo or recurrent primary brain tumors. An additional objective was to gather information on the administration and toxicity of these compounds, supplementing that obtained previously in phase I/II studies. Methods During 1982 and 1983 the Brain Tumor Study Group randomized 152 adult patients with primary brain tumors to receive PCNU 75–100 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) every 8 weeks or AZQ 15 mg/m2 IV once a week for 4 weeks, every 6–8 weeks. All patients who had not received ‘full dose’ radiotherapy before randomization received it concurrently with the first course of protocol chemotherapy. The data were analyzed for the total randomized population (RP), and for 130 patients in the valid study group (VSG) formed by excluding 22 patients for whom the histologic diagnosis was not documented by central review. Results Median survival times were 11.0 months for the PCNU group and 8.4 months for the AZQ group. The difference in survival curves was statistically significant for the RP (p=0.01) and the VSG (p=0.02). Lifetable analysis of the VSG showed estimated 2-year survivals of 34% for PCNU and 11% for AZQ. The advantage of PCNU remained significant (p=0.006) after adjustment for histopathologic category, age, initial performance status, and interval from initial reported surgery. Myelosuppression was the principal toxicity in both groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058355
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectrometric analysis of opioid and tachykinin neuropeptides in non-secreting and ACTH-secreting human pituitary adenomas (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 22 (1993), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a study to test the hypothesis that defects in the metabolism of neuropeptides might be a contributing factor to human anterior pituitary tumor formation, the proenkephalin A, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and tachykinin systems, which produce methionine enkephalin (ME), β-endorphin (BE), and substance P (SP), respectively, were measured in patients who had a wide variety of pituitary tumors. Mass spectrometry was used to optimize the level of molecular specificity of the ME and BE analytical measurements, and radioimmunoassay was used to measure SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-li). Compared to data obtained from pituitaries from post-mortem controls, the non-secreting tumors contained a significantly lower amount of the POMC neuropeptide, BE. The lower ME level was not significant. However, two adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumors contained ME, BE, and SP-li amounts that were much higher than both the controls and nonsecreting tumors. These data suggest that a hypometabolism of the POMC precursor may be operating in non-secreting tumors, and that a hypermetabolism of the proenkephalin A, POMC, and tachykinin precursors may be operating in two ACTH-secreting tumors. These data demonstrate that mass spectrometry plays a critical role in the study of human pituitary tumors.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200220112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opioid peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 1 (1986), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Endogenous opioid receptoractive peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human controls and in those patients diagnosed as having senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) are measured with a radioreceptorassay following HPLC separation. [3H]Etorphine is the ligand used to detect in the HPLC fractions the presence of those endogenous peptides that preferentially interact with several opioid receptors. The RRA uses a receptor-rich P2 fraction extracted from a canine limbic system. The total opioid peptide content found in the HPLC fractions 6-20 (to avoid salts in fractions 1-5) of SDAT CSF (383 ± 187 pmol ME-equivalents per ml CSF) is significantly higher than the corresponding total from patients with no known neurological disorders (89.1 ± 46.3 pmol ME-equivalents per ml).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130010405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of a randomized trial comparing intra-arterial cisplatin and intravenous PCNU for the treatment of primary brain tumors in adults: Brain Tumor Cooperative Group trial 8420A (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 25 (1995), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: glioma ; intra-arterial cisplatin ; PCNU ; randomized trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purpose To test the efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) cisplatin versus intravenous (IV) PCNU for treating primary brain tumors, in a randomized trial (Brain Tumor Cooperative Group [BTCG] Trial 8420A). Methods 311 adult patients (ages 19–79 years; median 45) with supratentorial tumors (confirmed histologically) were randomized by nine participating institutions. Patients were required to have completed radiotherapy (4500–6020 cGy to the tumor bed) before randomization. Patients were stratified as either nonprogressive (clinically and radiologically stable) or progressive. Results were analyzed for the 311 patients in the randomized population (RP), and for the 281 patients in the Valid Study Group (VSG) meeting protocol eligibility requirements. 56% of patients in the VSG had glioblastoma multiforme, 33% had other malignant glioma, and 11% had low-grade glioma. 64% were stratified as progressive. 12% had received prior chemotherapy. Results The group randomized to PCNU had the longer survival (p = 0.06 for the RP, p = 0.07 for the VSG). In the VSG, median survival was 10 months for the cisplatin group, 13 months for the PCNU group. The difference between treatment groups was significant (p ≤0.02) when adjusted for important prognostic factors. PCNU lead to greater hematotoxicity; cisplatin lead to greater renal toxicity and some ototoxicity. Some cisplatin patients experienced complications associated with IA administration, including six cases of encephalopathy. Conclusion The trial showed a survival advantage to the group randomized to PCNU, although the difference was modest. Coupled with previous BTCG results, these trials suggest that PCNU is an active drug for brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01057758
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