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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN the course of studies on the growth of a trans-plantable mammary carcinoma in mice as influenced by the administration of adrenal and pituitary hormones, we made the unexpected observation that dystrophic calcification is produced in the myocardium of animals treated with hydro -cortisone. So ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mutations activantes des gènes-RAS (Kirsten-RAS, Harvey-RAS, n-RAS) et les gènes codant pour la sous-unité alpha des protéines G (Gs, Gi2, Gi3, Go, Gz) ont été évaluées dans 32 cas de cancer de la thyroïde différenciés (CTD) observés chez des patients allemands (n=22) et des patients américains (n=10). La protéine Gs (PGS) et/ou mutations RAS ont été retrouvées dans 69% de tous les tissus avec une distribution hétérogéne. La prévalence était élevée en cas de métastases (8 des 9 mutations positives) en comparaison avec les cas où la maladie était restée localisée (13 des 23 mutations positives) (p〈0.001). De même, la prévalence était plus élevée chez les patients âgés de plus de 50 ans (16 des 18 mutations positives) que chez les patients plus jeunes (6 des 14 mutations positives) (p〈0.001). Il n'y avait pas de mutation activante sur les gènes H-RAS ou K-RAS, ni sur les gènes codant pour les sous-unités de Gi2, Gi3, Go, et Gz. Les tissus provenant des CTD des Allemands avaient une prévalence de mutation (73%) significativement plus élevée (p〈0.0001) que celle des tissus provenant des CTD Américains (20%). Nous avons démontré que les mutations RAS et GSP avaient une fréquence élevée dans le CTD. Nous proposons des recherches dans cette voie pour une approche thérapeutique plus rationnelle et individualisée des patients ayant un CTD.
    Abstract: Resumen Numerosos estudios han demostrado que la tirotropina (TSH) estimula el crecimiento de los tirocitos humanos normales. Por lo tanto, la supresión de TSH ha sido mandatoria luego de operaciones por tumores tiroideos, incluso el cáncer diferenciado de la tiroides (CDT) con el objeto de prevenir recurrencias tumorales. Aunque la mayoría de los tumores diferenciados de la tiroides exhiben receptores específicos de TSH, la TSH carece de eficacia en muchos CDTs según lo indica la determinación in vitro o in vivo de la adenilatociclasa tiroidea o de la proliferación celular de tirocitos. Es por ello que hemos cuestionado si los elementos regulatorios diferentes del receptor de TSH podrían explicar tal estado refractorio a la TSH. Las mutaciones activadoras de los genes RAS (Kirsten-RAS, Harvey-RAS, N-RAS) y de los genes que encodan la subunidad alfa de las proteínas-G (Gs, Gi2, Gi3, Go, Gz) fueron determinadas en el tejido de 32 CDTs de pacientes alemanes (n=22) y norteamericanos (n=10). La proteína Gs (GSP) y/o las mutaciones RAS fueron halladas en 69% de la totalidad de los tejidos, con un patrón heterogéneo de distribución. Se pudo demostrar una mayor prevalencia en la enfermedad metastásica (8 de 9 mut.pos.) en comparación con la enfermedad localizada (13 de 23 mut.pos.) (p〈0.001) y en pacientes mayores de 50 años (16 de 18 mut.pos.), con respecto a los pacientes más jovenes (6 de 14 mut.pos.) (p〈0.001). No se encontraron mutaciones activadoras en los genes H-RAS o K-RAS ni en los genes que encodan para las subunidades alfa de Gi2, Gi3, Go y Gz. Los CDTs de los pacientes alemanes exhibieron una prevalencia mayor para las mutaciones GSP (73%) que los CDTs de los pacientes norteamericanos (20%) (p〈0.001). Hemos demostrado una alta frecuencia de mutaciones RAS y GSP en los CDT, lo cual sugiere que el estudio de tales mutaciones puede contribuir al conocimiento básico de esta enfermedad y puede iniciar una nueva búsqueda de enfoques terapéuticos más racionales e individualizados en pacientes con CDT.
    Notes: Abstract Activating mutations of ras-genes (Kirsten-ras, Harvey-ras, N-ras) and genes encoding for the alpha subunit of G-proteins (Gs, Gi2, Gi3, Go, Gz) were assessed in 32 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) tissues from German (n=22) and American (n=10) patients. Gs-protein (GSP) and/or ras mutations were found in 69% of all tissues with a heterogeneous distribution pattern. An increased prevalence could be demonstrated in metastatic (8 of 9 mutation positive) when compared to localized disease (13 of 23 mutation positive) (p〈0.001) and in patients 〉50 years of age (16 of 18 mutation positive), when compared to younger patients (6 of 14 mutation positive) (p〈0.001). No activating mutations were found on H-ras and K-ras genes nor on genes encoding for the alpha subunits of Gi2, Gi3, Go, and Gz. Differentiated thyroid cancer tissue from German patients revealed a higher prevalence for GSP mutations (73%) than did DTC from American patients (20%) (p〈0.001). We demonstrated a high frequency of ras and GSP mutations in DTC and suggest that these mutations may contribute to our basic understanding of this disease and might initiate a new search for more rational and individualized therapeutic approaches in patients with DTC.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The endothelial integrity of microvessels is disrupted in malignant tumors. Quantitative assays of tumor microvascular characteristics based on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were correlated with histopathologic grade in mammary soft tissue tumors. Materials and methods. A spectrum of tumors, benign through highly malignant, was induced in 33 female rats by administration of N -ethyl-N -nitrosourea (ENU), a potent carcinogen. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed using a small-molecular contrast medium [gadopentetate, MW = 0.5 kDa] and a macromolecular contrast medium [albumin-(Gd-DTPA)30, MW = 92 kDa] at an interval of 1–2 days. Permeability surface area product (PS), as estimated by the corresponding endothelial transfer coefficient (KPS), and fractional plasma volume (fPV) were calculated for each tumor and each contrast agent using a two-compartment bi-directional kinetic model. MRI microvascular characteristics were correlated with histopathologic tumor grade. Results. Tumor permeability to macromolecular contrast medium, characterized by KPS, showed a highly positive correlation with tumor grade (r 2 = 0.76, P 〈 10− 10). KPS values were zero for all benign and some low-grade carcinomas, greater than zero in all other carcinomas, and increased in magnitude with higher tumor grade. A considerably smaller but significantly positive correlation was found between fPV and tumor grade using macromolecular contrast medium (r 2 = 0.25, P 〈 0.003). No correlation between KPS or fPV values and tumor grade was found using gadopentetate (r 2 = 0.01, P 〉 0.95 and r 2 = 0.03, P 〉 0.15, respectively). Conclusion. Quantitative tumor microvascular permeability assays generated with macromolecular MRI contrast medium correlate closely with histologic tumor grade. No significant correlation is found using small-molecular gadopentetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human breast epithelial cells derived from various sources (fibroadenoma, reduction mammoplasty, and mastectomy tissues from premenopausal patients) have been cultured in collagen gel matrix using serum-free medium. Response to various additives has been analyzed for growth-promoting effect when added to a basal medium containing insulin, cholera toxin, and BSA. A consistent observation has been the effect of EGF and cortisol in growth stimulation of human breast epithelial cells, while separately, each additive elicited only a small response. Under this condition, employing EGF and cortisol combinations, these cells gave rise to organized colonies consisting of clusters of cells, usually spherical, without any duct-like extensions. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies, using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, have shown that cell types and features that can be identified in the original breast tissue can also be delineated in the progeny populations. The topographical feature, consisting of lumina surrounded by a single inner layer of epithelial cells and an outer layer of basal/myoepithelial cells, can be re-created in the collagen gel system starting from small clumps of cells.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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