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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 211-219 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This report summarizes observations of Ge island formation during growth on Si(001) by chemical vapor deposition from germane in the pressure range from 10 Torr to atmospheric pressure in a conventional epitaxial reactor. A four-step growth process is observed: (1) uniform pseudomorphic overlayer ("wetting'' layer) formation; (2) three-dimensional island growth with a constant aspect ratio; (3) continued island growth with a constant diameter and increasing height; (4) rapid growth of larger, faceted islands. Ostwald ripening of the islands during continued heat treatment after terminating the deposition is slow compared to island formation and growth during deposition for the experimental conditions used.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4227-4237 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper presents an analysis of the various properties of the fused interface between GaAs and InP. Interface dislocations are characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Bipolar electrical properties are studied by electron beam induced current measurements and by electrical measurements of fused diode and laser structures. Absorptive optical losses at the interface are estimated from measurements on fused Fabry–Perot resonators and optical scattering losses from interface roughness are estimated by atomic force microscopy. Finally a preliminary mechanical analysis of fracture patterns of fused mesas is presented. The results from our analysis are used to develop guidelines for the fabrication of fused optoelectronic devices. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 1729-1732 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The oxidation of titanium disilicide on polycrystalline silicon-coated substrates by steam oxidation at pressures up to 25 atm has been investigated. Films were examined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. At low temperatures, the formation of a silicon dioxide surface layer is limited by the transport of silicon to the reacting interface, resulting in rapid oxidation/decomposition of the silicide. At temperatures greater than 750 °C, a metal-free oxide was obtained, allowing the formation of a self-passivated self-aligned silicide structure appropriate for very-large-scale-integrated circuit applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2060-2062 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Data are presented demonstrating low-resistance Ohmic conduction across interfaces formed by high-temperature (750–1000 °C) compound semiconductor wafer bonding. Unipolar junctions formed by wafer bonding surfaces consisting of In0.5Ga0.5P/In0.5Ga0.5P, GaP/GaP, GaP/In0.5Ga0.5P, and In0.5Ga0.5P/GaAs are shown to exhibit low-resistance Ohmic conduction for both p- and n-isotype junctions. The achievement of these properties is demonstrated to be critically dependent upon the crystallographic alignment of the bonded wafer surfaces, irrespective of the lattice mismatch between the surfaces. Specifically, we show that the surface orientation of the bonded surfaces must be nominally matched while simultaneously maintaining rotational alignment of the wafers. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1566-1568 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ga0.5In0.5P grown lattice matched to GaAs by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) exhibited domains of varying degrees of column III sublattice ordering. Continuous-wave photoluminescence spectra were single peaked and relatively narrow, but the peak wavelengths from samples grown at low (630–670 °C) temperatures varied strongly with excitation density at low measurement temperatures, while peak wavelength did not vary for high (775 °C) temperature growth. The half width was 6.5 meV in the latter case, the narrowest reported from MOCVD-grown Ga0.5In0.5P. Time-resolved photoluminescence of partially ordered GaInP at liquid-helium temperatures is reported for the first time. For samples grown at low temperatures, the spectral peak displayed a slow (τ(approximately-greater-than)1 μs) decay at low excitation density. The decay was more rapid (τ=1.8 ns) at higher excitations and at higher photon emission energies. Possible explanations discussed include spatial separation of carriers and trapping.〈squeeze;1.6p〉
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability of Si/500-A(ring)-thick Si0.77Ge0.23 bilayers grown on Si by limited reaction processing is studied as a function of Si capping layer thickness. After annealing for 4 min at 850 °C, misfit dislocation spacings increase monotonically with cap thickness from 0.5 μm for an uncapped film to greater than 50 μm for a layer with a 500-A(ring)-thick cap. Thus, an epitaxial Si cap of sufficient thickness prevents significant misfit dislocation formation during this anneal. Experimental observations are reported which indicate that the Si cap enhances thermal stability by inhibiting both dislocation nucleation and propagation. These results are very encouraging since they suggest that high-temperature processing of Si/Si1−xGex device structures may be possible without significant misfit dislocation formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 1101-1103 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films (less than 1000 nm) of heteroepitaxial GaAs on Si were grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy with the intent of comparing the initial stages of growth with the authors' previous experience in examining films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The films were found to be epitaxial after 10 nm of growth at 425 °C, and to uniformly cover the substrate completely, unlike the asymmetrical island nature of MBE films grown under comparable conditions. The relaxation of strain was found to be quite similar to the MBE case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 1723-1725 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We study the effect of surface structure upon the nucleation of GaAs in molecular beam epitaxy growth on vicinal Si(100) surfaces. In general, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals that nucleation of GaAs islands is associated with surface steps produced by the deliberate substrate misorientation. Furthermore, it is found that standard in situ cleaning of the Si surface prior to deposition can result in steps grouping together, producing local surface facets. GaAs nucleation then occurs on these facets, the nucleation sites being correspondingly further apart than for an equilibrium distribution of monolayer steps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We discuss the relationship between microstructure and luminescence efficiency for heteroepitaxial films of GaN grown on c-axis sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition. We directly characterize the correlation between threading dislocations as observed by transmission electron microscopy, surface morphology as observed by atomic force microscopy, and wavelength-resolved cathodoluminescence imaging. We show that the inhomogeneity in the luminescence intensity of these films near band edge can be accounted for by a simple model where nonradiative recombination at threading dislocations causes a deficiency of minority carriers and results in dark regions of the epilayer. An upper bound for average diffusion length is estimated to be 250 nm. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2035-2037 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dislocation arrangements in gallium nitride (GaN) films prepared by lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) have been studied by cathodoluminescence mapping and transmission electron microscopy. A very low density of electrically active defects (〈10−6 cm−2) in the laterally overgrown material is observed. Individual electrically active defects have been observed that propagate laterally from the line of stripe coalescence into the overgrown material. Additionally, by mapping wavelength-resolved luminescence in an InGaN quantum well grown on top of the overgrown material, these defects are shown to be limited to the underlying material and do not propagate normal to the surface, as in other GaN films. In the seed region, threading dislocation image widths are seen to be nearly identical in the quantum well and the underlying GaN, indicating a comparable upper limit (∼200 nm) for minority carrier diffusion length in InGaN and GaN. Additionally, it is shown that, through processing variation, these lateral defects can be avoided in LEO films and that wavelength-resolved cathodoluminescence is an excellent large-area method for rapidly and quantitatively observing variations in process development. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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