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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of spermatogenesis in rainbow trout during chronic cyanide poisoning (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 8 (1979), S. 533-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study involves a histological examination of the testicular tissue to assess, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the effects of an 18-day exposure of juvenile male rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri, to cyanide in laboratory flow-through aquaria at 12.5°C. Test concentrations of 0.01 and 0.03 mg/L HCN reduced the number of dividing spermatogonia by 13 and 50% respectively. The exposure to cyanide led to an increase in the prophase stage spermatogonia which appeared to be due to a blockage of mitotic progress. Cyanide also affected the formation of the mitotic spindle at the lower cyanide concentration as evidenced by the presence of multipolar spindles and multinucleate interphase cells. Cellular damage was evident in spermatogonia in all phases of the cell cycle accompanied by a high incidence of necrosis at the higher cyanide concentration. It is suggested that short-term exposure to sublethal concentrations of cyanide may cause permanent damage to the fixed number of primary spermatogonia within the testis, thereby reducing the reproductive capacity of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055034
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sublethal cyanide exposure on plasma viteliogenin levels in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during early vitellogenesis (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 15 (1986), S. 603-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Female rainbow troutSalmo gairdneri were exposed to 0.01 mg L−1 hydrogen cyanide (HCN) for 12 days at 12.5 ± 0.5
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056575
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sublethal pentachlorophenol on early oogenesis in maturing female rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 15 (1986), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Female rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to sublethal levels of purified pentachlorophenol (99 + % PCP) and the effects upon ovarian development were assessed. A significant increase in atresia among Stage 2 oocytes (Balbiani stage), was recorded in females exposed for 18 days to 22 and 49 Μg/L during July 1984. The number of viable Stage 2 oocytes, relative to controls, were reduced to 52% and 19% at 22 and 49 Μg/L, respectively, significantly reducing the number of viable oocytes available to complete oogenesis. A similar response under identical conditions was not observed in December 1983. This is the first report demonstrating a significant effect on oogenesis following sublethal PCP exposure during early summer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056569
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma vitellogenin levels in pre-spawning rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, during acid exposure (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 803-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vitellogenic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to pH 7.6, 5.6, and 4.5 for 20 days. Plasma vitellogenin (Vg) which is an indicator of the level of exogenous yolk precursors synthesized in the liver, and transported to the ovary was measured in sexually maturing females using a sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay specific for rainbow trout. During the September–October experiments, Vg levels significantly increased at pH 7.6 and 5.6 over the 20-day exposure period. At pH 4.5, however, Vg levels did not change during the experimental period. Based on differences between day 0 and 20 plasma Vg levels, females at pH 7.6, 5.6, and 4.5 produced 0.357, 0.188 and 0.084 mg/ml/day Vg, respectively. The use of this sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay has confirmed the effect upon the reproductive mechanism of vitellogenesis at pH 4.5. Lower levels of this important yolk source in the oocyte could alter the successful development of the embryo during later stages of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055044
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in brain dopamine levels, oocyte growth and spermatogenesis in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, following sublethal cyanide exposure (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whole brain dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured in sexually maturing (2 years+) male and female rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, following ≍posure to 0.01 mg/L hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Following a 12 day exposure period in July and August 1988, whole brain DA levels of HCN exposed fish were significantly higher (p 〈 0.05), relative to control fish, as measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Brain NE levels were unaffected by HCN exposure. Whole brain DA and NE levels showed a strong correlation in control fish (r=+0.81), but not in HCN exposed fish (r=+0.28), likely due to altered DA levels in the latter group. No significant differences were found in brain DA and NE levels between males and females. Mean diameters of oocyte from ovaries of the vitellogenic females were significantly (p 〈 0.01) reduced from 226 to 183 μm in control and HCN exposed fish respectively. Testes from males revealed significantly (p 〈 0.001) higher numbers of spermatogonial cysts in HCN exposed fish. Evidence is given that chronic exposure to sublethal levels of HCN significantly alters brain DA levels in both sexes of rainbow trout, reduces growth in vitellogenic oocytes of the ovary in females and interferes with the passage of spermatogonia to the spermatocyte stage in sexually maturing males. Collectively, these results suggest that sublethal HCN affects the reproductive mechanisms via the hypophyseal-gonad axis in sexually maturing rainbow trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055571
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and quantitative effects of sublethal cyanide exposure on oocyte development in rainbow trout (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 343-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sexually maturing female rainbow trout were exposed in the laboratory to 0.01 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L hydrogen cyanide (HCN) for 20 days at 10 ±0.5
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sublethal cyanide on vitellogenic parameters in rainbow troutSalmo gairdneri (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 13 (1984), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of sublethal cyanide exposure on exogenous yolk production by the liver was examined in sexually maturing female rainbow troutSalmo gairdneri at the onset of vitellogenesis. Fish were exposed to a range of sublethal concentrations of cyanide (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 mg/L) for 7 days at 12.5 ± 1°C. Serum calcium and phosphoprotein phosphorus levels were measured and hepatosomatic indices calculated as indicators of exogenous yolk production. Results indicate that serum calcium levels were signficantly reduced at 0.01 mg/L HCN in males and females. There was no apparent effect upon serum phosphoprotein phosphorus levels or hepatosomatic indices at this concentration. Serum calcium levels in females were significantly reduced when compared with control females and hepatosomatic indices declined at 0.02 mg/L HCN. The implication of reduced serum calcium during early vitellogenesis upon secondary yolk production and reproduction in females is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055651
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in plasma, liver, and ovary vitellogenin in landlocked atlantic salmon following exposure to sublethal cyanide (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1987), S. 507-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Female landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Ouananiche) were exposed to 0.005 mg/L hydrogen cyanide (HCN) for 12 days at 7±1°C during late vitellogenesis (October). Plasma vitellogenin and liver and gonad ‘vitellogenin’ levels were measured by homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) specifically developed for this species. Results indicated that plasma vitellogenin levels increased in cyanide exposed fish. ‘Vitellogenin’ levels in the liver did not change relative to control fish suggesting that the increased levels of plasma vitellogenin did not result from a change in synthesis in the liver. ‘Vitellogenin’ levels declined in the gonad relative to the controls by day 12. Elevated plasma vitellogenin levels along with decreased ‘vitellogenin’ in the gonads suggest that exposure of female salmon to sublethal HCN during late vitellogenesis inhibits the uptake of vitellogenin at the ovarian level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055274
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic changes in the testis of the brook stickleback Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland)This investigation was supported by research grant, A-657, from the National Research Council of Canada to D. B. McMillan. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 447-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cyclic changes in the testis of the five-spined stickleback Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland) were studied histologically. Specimens were trapped between July 1965 and July 1967 in a shallow pond near London, Ontario.A three-dimensional microscopic study showed a main vas deferens and a system of primary, secondary and tertiary tubules.The testis cycle was divided into seven arbitrary stages. Spawning takes place from mid-April to mid-July. This is followed by the division of primary spermatogonia which are located along the walls of the tubules, producing cysts of spermatogonia enclosed in connective tissue which is surrounded by a thin epithelium. Both primary and secondary spermatocytes develop within these cysts. Breakdown of the cysts occurs with the development of spermatids and spermiogenesis occurs while spermatids are free in the tubules. Over-wintering of mature sperm takes place. Development of mature sperm from primary spermatogonia takes about 156 days.Germinal epithelium is absent but primary germ cells are believed to be those cells occupying the spaces between the tubules of the testis. No tissue which might be implicated in hormone production was observed.Phagocytic invasion of the testis has been studied. Massive infiltration by phagocytes is believed to be responsible for the sudden increase in testis weight observed during spawning. These cells ingest sperm nuclei and groups of them have been observed in the lumen of the tubules and the vas deferens, probably on their way out of the body.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051310407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interstitial origin of germinal cells in the testis of the sticklebackThis investigation was supported by research grant AO657 from the National Research Council of Canada to D. B. McMillan. (1975)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 145 (1975), S. 295-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland), in common with other bony fishes, lacks a germinal epithelium in the tubules of the testis, and the tubule wall is composed of a thin, discontinuous layer of myoid cells and collagenous fibers. Labelling of germ cells with tritiated thymidine has shown that the germ cells are derived from clumps of spermatogonia in the interstitial area. Large companion cells within the lumina of the tubules extend their processes to engulf spermatogonia from the interstitium which then enter the lumen of the tubule. Subsequent development of the germ cells takes place within individual compartments formed by folds of the plasma membrane of a companion cell. The companion cell, together with its complement of germ cells, constitutes a cyst. A companion cell may surround spermatogonia in the interstitium and at the same time encompass residual sperm of the previous season within the lumen. The plasma membranes of the germ cells and the companion cells remain discrete. Mature sperm are released into the lumen of the tubule and the companion cell again extends its processes into the interstitium and engulfs more spermatogonia for the following year.Companion cells may be homologous to the Sertoli cells of higher vertebrates although their processes penetrate the interstitium during the initial stages of spermatogenesis and they do not contain a permanent stock of spermatogonia.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051450304
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