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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture risk of women with primary biliary cirrhosis: no increase compared with general population controls (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis may be at increased risk of osteoporosis but to what extent this is reflected in an increased fracture risk is unknown. We have enquired about the fracture experience of female primary biliary cirrhosis patients compared with sex- and age-matched controls.Methods : Patients aged 30–75 with primary biliary cirrhosis and age-matched controls were sent a postal questionnaire asking about their fracture history and details of risk factors for osteoporosis.Results : 85 eligible patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 116 controls responded. Forty-one per cent of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 30% of controls reported ever having had a fracture odds ratio 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.80–2.89). Twenty-eight per cent of primary biliary cirrhosis patients and 23.3% of controls reported a fracture after the age of 30, odds ratio 1.2 (95% confidence interval: 0.57–2.56), and 14.1% of primary biliary cirrhosis patients and 12.1% of controls reported a low impact fracture of the long bones or of the vertebrae odds ratio 1.0 (95% confidence interval: 0.31–2.68).Conclusions : No overall increased fracture risk in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis was observed. As a group, unselected patients with primary biliary cirrhosis do not represent a population at particularly high risk of osteoporotic fracture and thus targeting them for osteoporosis screening and treatment is not justified. Further work investigating subgroups of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis at potentially high risk of osteoporosis, such as those with advanced disease or severe cholestasis is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02089.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pilot study to investigate the use of oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline) and thalidomide in portal hypertension secondary to alcoholic cirrhosis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Tumour necrosis factor-α is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. Oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline) and thalidomide inhibit endotoxin-induced tumour necrosis factor-α production in vitro.Aims : To assess the toxicity of oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline) and thalidomide in cirrhosis and their effect on the hepatic venous pressure gradient and tumour necrosis factor-α production.Methods : In an open-label pilot study, 20 abstinent patients with stable alcoholic cirrhosis and oesophageal varices were recruited; 12 patients completed haemodynamic measurements before and after treatment with oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline) 1800 mg (n = 6) or thalidomide 200 mg (n = 6) daily for 2 weeks. Tumour necrosis factor-α production was assessed in ex vivo monocyte cultures stimulated with endotoxin.Results : Thalidomide reduced the hepatic venous pressure gradient from 19.7 mmHg (9.3–23.5 mmHg) to 12.2 mmHg (4.7–19.5 mmHg) (P = 0.03) without reducing the hepatic blood flow or altering systemic haemodynamic parameters. Thalidomide reduced ex vivo tumour necrosis factor-α production by approximately 50%. Oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline) had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured. Side-effects led to dose reduction or treatment withdrawal in 40% of patients.Conclusion : Thalidomide, but not oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline), reduces the hepatic venous pressure gradient in stable alcoholic cirrhotics, an effect that may be mediated by the inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α production. The role of tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitory drugs in the therapy of portal hypertension should be investigated in a randomized controlled trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01809.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The long-term management of patients with bleeding duodenal ulcers (1997)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gastrointestinal haemorrhage is a common complication of duodenal ulcers. Patients who bleed are at substantial risk of recurrent bleeding.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To determine whether appropriate therapeutic steps were taken to reduce the risk of recurrent haemorrhage in patients with a bleeding duodenal ulcer.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:The management of patients surviving a duodenal ulcer bleed in the University Hospital, Nottingham, was assessed by case-note review before (1993) and after (1995–1996) institution of clinical guidelines. The following measures aimed at reducing the risk of recurrent haemorrhage were considered appropriate: stopping non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) when these were implicated in bleeding; successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori if present; and long-term maintenance acid-suppression therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:In 1993, appropriate steps were taken to reduce the risk of recurrent haemorrhage in only 48% of cases. Following the institution of guidelines, management improved significantly in 1995–1996 (appropriate in 83% of cases, P〈0.001), was associated with increased referral to gastroenterologists (P〈0.001), improved patient compliance with follow-up (P〈0.05), and more rigorous attempts to identify (P〈0.001) and ensure clearance (P〈0.001) of H.␣pylori.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:In this study, inadequate long-term management of patients with a bleeding duodenal ulcer was common. This was due to a failure to adopt strategies aimed at reducing the risk of ulcer relapse and rebleeding. The quality of care improved significantly following the institution of guidelines and encouragement to refer to gastroenterologists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00178.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving diagnostic yield of biliary brushings cytology for pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Biliary brushings are currently the best accepted method to obtain a cytological diagnosis of pancreatic cancer or cholangiocarcinoma. The technique has good specificity but poor sensitivity. Two dedicated pathologists reviewed 137 consecutive biliary brushings from 127 patients between February 1997 and February 2000. The ultimate diagnosis was determined by review of radiology, operative diagnosis and patient outcome. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the original results and the review results were calculated and compared. Additional diagnostic categories ‘suspicious’ and ‘atypical possibly benign’ were included on review. After review, the sensitivity improved from 49.4% to 89.0% and the specificity remained 100%. The use of the additional diagnostic category ‘suspicious’ increased the sensitivity to 90.4%, at the expense of a fall of the specificity to 66.7%. We conclude that review by two dedicated pathologists and additional diagnostic categories can improve the diagnostic accuracy of biliary brushings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-5507.2003.00097.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rectal bismuth subsalicylate as therapy for ulcerative colitis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a prospective open study, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis which was unresponsive to conventional therapy were treated with enemas containing bismuth subsalicylate (700 or 800 mg b.d.).Nine out of the 15 patients showed a significant clinical response, and 6 had gone into complete clinical remission after 8 weeks. treatment. Sigmoidoscopic appearances of the rectal mucosa showed improvement in 9 out of 15 patients at 2 weeks, and 11 out of 15 at 8 weeks. The mucosa appeared sigmoidoscopically normal in 6 out of 15 at 8 weeks. It proved possible to reduce the oral prednisolone dosage from a median of 15 mg/day (range 10 to 35 mg/day) to 6 mg/day (range 0 to 18 mg/day) after 8 weeks of treatment; 5 patients were no longer taking oral steroids at this time.Rectal bismuth subsalicylate appears likely to be an effective therapy in ulcerative colitis and controlled trials are now required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00480.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tidal disruption of the Magellanic Clouds by the Milky Way (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 394 (1998), S. 752-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Interactions between galaxies are common, and influence physical properties such as the global morphology and star-formation rate (Hubble type). Galaxies can interact in many different ways: they can merge together; they can pass through each other, with gas being stripped from the smaller of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/29466
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress proteins in colorectal mucosa (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 1994-2000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: heat shock protein ; mucin ; ulcerative colitis ; Crohn's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stress (heat shock) proteins are ubiquitous intracellular proteins that can be inducedin vitro by physiological stress events that occur during inflammation. We have used an indirect immunoperoxidase method to locate 60-kDa stress proteins in biopsies taken from normal and inflamed colorectal mucosa. An anti-60-kDa monoclonal antibody (ML30) produced specific staining of surface epithelial cells localized to the site of the Golgi apparatus. In ulcerative colitis, there was an increased concentration of this stress protein compared with controls (P≤0.002) and also with a small group of active Crohn's colitis (P≤0.01), but no relationship between its concentration and disease activity. All biopsies also showed staining of goblet cells by ML30, suggesting a possible cross-reaction with mucin; electroblotting of crude but not purified mucin showed a faint 60-kDa band with ML30. We conclude that the 60-kDa stress protein is present in normal colorectal epithelial cells and is markedly inducedin vivo in ulcerative colitis. Further, we suggest that since the 60-kDa protein functions as a molecular chaperone, it may associate with colonic mucin aiding in its synthesis and/or secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297075
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High performance gel filtration using monodisperse highly cross-linked agarose as a one-step system for mucin purification (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 7 (1993), S. 68-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: High performance gel filtration on monodisperse cross-linked agarose (Superose 6) has been assessed as a system for purification of mucus glycoproteins. Comparison with the conventional two-step purification of mucus glycoprotein by Sepharose CL4B gel filtration followed by caesium chloride density gradient centrifugation shows that purification by high performance gel filtration is at least as thorough, yielding mucin that is free from non-mucin glycoproteins as defined by buoyant density, mobility on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and absence of Concanavalin A binding (mannose-containing) material. This technique allows mucus glycoprotein to be purified from lyophilized crude mucin in 120 min compared with approximately 72 h using the conventional techniques. This makes the comparative study of mucus glycoprotein changes in disease states much more feasible.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130070204
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