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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, and cellular characteristics of induced sputum in elite swimmers (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate respiratory symptoms, increased bronchial responsiveness, and signs of airway inflammation in elite swimmers, we examined 29 swimmers from the Finnish national team and 19 healthy control subjects (nonasthmatic, symptom-free). They answered a questionnaire and were interviewed for respiratory symptoms. Lung volumes were measured and bronchial responsiveness assessed by a histamine challenge test. Induced sputum samples were also collected. Fourteen (48%) of the swimmers and three (16%) of the control subjects showed increased bronchial responsiveness (P〈0.05). The sputum cell differential counts of eosinophils (mean 2.7% vs 0.2%) and neutrophils (54.7% V5 29.9%) from swimmers were significantly higher than those from controls (P〈0.01). Eosinophilia (sputum differential eosinophil count of 〉4%) was observed in six (21%) of the swimmers and in none of the controls (P〈0.05). Symptomatic swimmers had significantly more sputum eosinophils than did the symptom-free. The concentrations of sputum eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) were significantly higher in swimmers than control subjects (P〈0.001 and P=0.05). We conclude that elite swimmers had significantly more often increased tjronchial responsiveness than control subjects. Sputum from swimmers contained a higher percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils, and higher concentrations of EPO and HNL than sputum from controls. Long-term and repeated exposure to chlorine compounds in swimming pools during training and competition may contribute to the increased occurrence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in swimmers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03904.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced sputum in children with newly diagnosed mild asthma: the effect of 6 months of treatment with budesonide or disodium cromoglycate (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  There are few controlled studies on the effects of anti-inflammatory treatment on airway inflammation in newly diagnosed childhood asthma.Methods:  Sixty children with newly diagnosed mild persistent asthma, 5–10 years of age, and 17 healthy control subjects were studied. Asthmatic children were randomized into an open study with two treatment groups: (1) budesonide 400 μg twice daily for 1 month, 200 μg twice daily for 5 months and (2) disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 10 mg three-times daily for 6 months. All exacerbations were treated with budesonide 400 μg twice daily for 2 weeks. Symptoms and lung function were recorded throughout the study.Results:  Sputum induction was safe and the overall success rate was 71%. This improved with age and decreased after treatment. At baseline, the asthmatic children had more eosinophils in blood (0.26 vs 0.18 × 109/l, P = 0.03) and sputum (1.1 vs 0.0 %, P = 0.0001) than the control subjects. The numbers of sputum eosinophils correlated with bronchial responsiveness (R = −0.58, P = 0.0002). Eosinophils were higher in children with atopic asthma than with nonatopic asthma (P 〈 0.0001), and in children with a history wheezing than in children without wheezing (P = 0.02). Six months of budesonide treatment, but not of DSCG, improved lung function (P = 0.007), decreased symptoms (P = 0.007) and sputum eosinophils (P = 0.003). The effects of budesonide were pronounced in children with intense sputum eosinophilia (〉3%).Conclusion:  Sputum eosinophilia is present in children with newly diagnosed mild persistent asthma. Treatment with inhaled budesonide, but not with DSCG, decreases sputum eosinophils along with clinical and functional improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00504.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of increased exhaled nitric oxide in patients with suspected asthma (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) has been proposed as a marker of asthmatic inflammation, but it is unclear whether FENO in clinical use selects patients primarily according to their atopic or asthmatic status. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of increased FENO in patients with suspected asthma, by means of multinomial logistic regression analysis. The FENO of 132 patients referred because of symptoms suggestive of asthma were studied, and the explanatory factors tested included atopy according to prick skin tests, clinical asthma according to lung function tests, sputum eosinophilia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Slightly elevated FENO levels were significantly explained only by sputum eosinophilia (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.1–13.1; P = 0.04), but for high levels of FENO (≥3 SD of predicted), clinical asthma (OR: 16.3; 95% CI: 5.4–49.7; P 〈 0.0001) and sputum eosinophilia (OR: 12.0; 95% CI: 4.1–35.0; P 〉 0.0001) were the characteristics with the highest prediction, followed by atopy and BHR. A significant interaction between asthma and atopy was observed relating to the effect on high FENO, but further analyses stratified by atopy showed significant associations between asthma and high FENO both in atopic and nonatopic patients. We conclude that in patients with symptoms suggesting asthma, slightly elevated and high levels of FENO are associated with sputum eosinophilia, whereas asthma is significantly associated only with high levels of FENO, irrespective of atopy. The results suggest that FENO is primarily a marker of airway eosinophilia, and that only high values of FENO may be useful to identify patients with atopic or nonatopic asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00740.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No effect of montelukast on asthma-like symptoms in elite ice hockey players (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Controlled clinical trials on the effects of leukotriene antagonists on asthma-like symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation have not been performed in elite athletes.Methods:  In 2001, we examined 88 of 102 (86%) players from three junior, national league ice hockey teams in Helsinki. Athletes were included in the intervention if they reported at least two exercise-induced bronchial symptoms (wheeze, cough, shortness of breath) weekly during the previous month on a previously validated respiratory-symptom questionnaire. Sixteen male ice hockey players fulfilled the study criteria. A double-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study included 4-week active treatment (10 mg oral montelukast, bedtime), 1-week washout period, and 4-week placebo treatment. Before entering the study, all patients were clinically examined, skin prick tested, filled in a respiratory symptom questionnaire, performed a spirometry and a histamine challenge test, and gave induced sputum samples. Exhaled NO was measured. These measures were repeated after both treatment periods. During the treatment the athletes kept daily diary on lower respiratory tract symptoms on a scale from 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (most severe symptoms), morning peak expiratory flow (PEF), training amount, and use of study medication. Primary end-point was daily lower respiratory tract symptom score.Results:  Montelukast had no effect on daily lower respiratory symptom scores, spirometry parameters [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF], bronchial hyperresponsiveness, sputum eosinophil or neutrophil cell counts, exhaled NO measurements, or morning PEF. Nine subjects were atopic in skin prick test, but their results did not differ from the nonatopic subjects.Conclusion:  A leukotriene antagonist, montelukast, was of no benefit in the treatment of asthma-like symptoms, increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness or a mixed type of eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation in highly-trained ice hockey players.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00353.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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