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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 16 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which multinucleated giant cells, characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-encephalitis, were found in a mediastinal nodal deposit of lymphoma, is reported. Immunocytochemical studies confirmed the macrophage/histiocytic origin of these cells and the presence of HIV antigen in their cytoplasm. The occurrence of such multinucleated giant cells, representing the hallmark of HIV infection, has not been previously reported outside the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is associated with extensive prion infection of lymphoreticular tissues during the prolonged asymptomatic incubation period. Instruments exposed to infected tissues of preclinically infected individuals during medical or surgical procedures represent a potential risk of iatrogenic transmission of vCJD prions. We assessed the frequency of contamination with lymphoid tissue of single-use laryngoscope blades used for tracheal intubation for general anaesthesia. Using a cyto-centrifugation technique, lymphocytes were detected from 30% of laryngoscope blades studied. As prions resist routine sterilisation procedures, the use of non-disposable laryngoscope blades poses a risk of transmitting vCJD from patient to patient. The use of such instruments should be abandoned and disposable alternatives used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 261-263 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Craniopharyngioma ; Orbit ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case is described in which a recurrent craniopharyngioma extended into the sphenoid bone, posterior ethmoid cells, cavernous sinus and orbit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dysplasia, focal cortical ; Hamartomas ; Epilepsy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a pathological entity first described in 1971. Other more subtle cortical malformations found in patients with epilepsy include microdysgenesis (MD), and glioneuronal hamartias. Although these glial and neuronoglial malformations have distinct histological features, there is terminological confusion in the radiological literature. Few cases have been reported in adults with both imaging and histology. We address these issues, giving a radiological-pathological correlation of histologically proven cortical malformations in adults. We describe clinical, radiological and histological features of 12 cases (five FCD, five MD with glioneuronal hamartias, and two hamartomas), unassociated with other conditions, and discuss them in the light of the literature. FCD is usually seen on MRI as cortical thickening, with or without signal change, which may extend into the adjacent white matter. On histology, abnormal neurons and/or glial cells, blurring of the grey-white matter interface, myelin pallor, demyelination, and gliosis may be found. Glioneuronal hamartias and hamartomas usually appear as complex masses on MRI. FCD and hamartias may be associated, and a combination of imaging findings may be seen on MRI. Atrophy of the ipsilateral hippocampus may be present on MRI in patients with hamartias, and minor cell loss on histology, but not definitive hippocampal sclerosis. Although the imaging findings of cortical malformations are protean, some characteristic MRI features, with histological correlates, may be found. The relevance of most of these observations remains unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 422-424 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Malignant glioma ; pineal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with a glioblastoma multiforme arising from the pineal gland is reported. Most so-called gliomas of the pineal region originate from neighbouring structures; authentic malignant gliomas of the pineal itself are extremely rare. This appears to be only the second fully documented case reported in the world literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 290 (1981), S. 56-58 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Myelin seems to form normally until the mice are 15 days old although the myelin sheaths and axons are rather thinner than those of normal littermates. Later, the myelin sheaths start to degenerate and macrophages containing inclusions appear. By 3-4 weeks, peripheral nerves are macroscopically ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 32 (1974), S. 169-180 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Atractyloside ; Carboxyatractyloside ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Nephrotoxicity ; Atractyloside ; Carboxyatractyloside ; Oxydative Phosphorilation ; Nierenschädigung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Atractyloside (50 mg/kg e. p.), das wie bekannt, die oxydative Phosphorilation hemmt, bewirkt bei der Ratte eine Nierenschädigung im Tubulusbereich 150 min nach seiner Verabreichung. Die Schädigung ist gekennzeichnet durch schwere Läsion des distalen Bereiches des proximalen Tubulus und geht mit einer vermehrten Wasserausscheidung, Proteinurie, Glykosurie, Ketonurie und Kaliurie einher. Der Glomerulus bleibt intakt wie aus der Kreatininclearance hervorgeht. Der Nierenschaden beginnt sich 2 Tage nach seine n Auftreten rückzubilden. Ähnliche Schäden beobachtet man bei der Maus, aber nicht beim Meerschweinchen oder beim Kaninchen. 2. Carboxyatractyloside (2 mg/kg e.p.), mit einer zweiten Carboxylgruppe in Position 4, ist als Phosphorilationshemmer aktiver und besitzt eine größere Allgemeintoxicität, bewirkt aber keine Nierenschäden bei der Ratte. 3. Bei Ratten, denen diese Substanzen verabreicht wurden, konnten weder morphologische noch functionelle Leber-oder Herzschäden beobachtet werden. 4. Die oxydative Phosphorilation wird bei Nieren- und Leberhomogenaten von Ratten, denen diese Stoffe verabreicht wurden, in verschiedenem Ausmaß gehemmt. Es wird der mögliche Zusammenhang zwischen nephrotoxischem Effekt des Atractylosides und der Phosphorilationshemmung diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract 1. In male albino rats Atractyloside (50 mg/kg i.p.), well-known as inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, produces a tubular nephrosis 180 min after its administration. The nephrosis is characterized by a deep lesion in the cells of distal portion of proximal convoluted tubule and is accompanied by an increase of water excrection and by proteinuria, glicosuria, ketonuria, and kaliuria. The glomerulus appears intact; this is confirmed by the creatiniue and urea tests. The renal alteration subsides after 2 days of its onset. Similar effects are observed in mice but not in guinea pigs and rabbits. 2. Carboxyatractyloside (2 mg/kg i.p.), an analogue of atractyloside with a second carboxylic group in position 4, more active inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation and more toxic, is devoid of any effect on rat kidney. 3. No functional or morphological alterations are observed in liver and heart of rats injected with these drugs. 4. The oxidative phosphorylation in homogenates of kidney and liver of rats pretreated with these compounds is inhibited to different extents. The possible relationship between nephrotoxic effect of atractyloside and the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: AIDS ; HIV ; Posterior root ganglia ; Gracile tract pallor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spinal cord and the thoracic and lumbar posterior root ganglia (PRGs) of 14 HIV-positive men and 7 age- and sex-matched controls were studied by routine histology, morphometric analysis of the number of nodules of Nageotte (nN) and the diameters of sensory ganglion cells, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. In 7 patients (2 of whom had evidence of cytomegalovirus ganglionitis) there were increased numbers of nN and diffuse, mild infiltration with CD45R+ T lymphocytes; no B lymphocytes were observed. Macrophages were increased in number in all cases. Whenever more than one ganglion was examined from the same patient, the appearances were similar in all. There was no alteration in the distribution of ganglion cell diameters. Changes in the spinal cord included vacuolar myelopathy (5 cases), HIV myelitis (1 case), microglial nodules (3 cases) and pallor of the gracile tracts (GTP) in 7 cases, in 6 of whom it co-existed with increased numbers of nN. Seven cases had no abnormalities, except the increase in number of macrophages in PRGs. In spite of a correlation between sensory nerve cell loss and GTP our findings suggest that other mechanisms, such as ‘dying back’ may contribute to the pathogenesis of GTP. Moreover, sensory disturbances were found most commonly in association with nerve cell loss; however, loss of sensory ganglion cells was not necessarily associated with evidence of sensory impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes ; Anti-neuronal autoantibodies ; Immunohistochemical ; techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anti-neuron-specific autoantibodies are widely recognised as useful, though non-specific, diagnostic markers of paraneoplastic neurological disorders. However, controversies on the best way to detect these autoantibodies have recently arisen, and the use of different procedures for their detection by different laboratories has made results difficult to compare. The aim of this study was to adapt the existing immunohistochemical techniques used for the detection of anit-neuron autoantibodies to improve their visualisation and to facilitate a wide application of these procedures. Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from 15 patients known to carry paraneoplastic anti-neuronal autoantibodies; in addition, one serum with “atypical” anti-neuron autoantibody and 18 control sera were studied. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded rat nervous tissue and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human nervous tissue treated in a microwave oven were used as substrate; the reactions were developed by immunoperoxidase methods. At the dilutions used for diagnostic purposes, all the sera and CSFs showed staining whose intensity and specificity was comparable to that obtained using frozen tissue; the end-point dilutions were, however, reduced. The atypical pattern of staining of one serum was confirmed and better emphasised using these procedures; all control sera and CSFs were negative. The morphology was improved by the use of paraffin-embedded tissues; moreover, the results obtained are permanent because of peroxidase staining, which makes it possible to use them as standards for further investigations and for comparison between different laboratories. The convenience of using paraffin-embedded material could facilitate a wide application of these procedures in clinical neurology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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