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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Systemic lupus erythematosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 13 patients with neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on previous and/or current neurological or psychotic episodes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) together with psychiatric and cognitive assessment. MRI was abnormal in 7 patients, showing high signal lesions in the white matter and/or cerebral atrophy. Proton MRS centred on white matter lesions in 5 patients showed a reduction in theN-acetyl aspartate creatine ratio compared with normal appearing white matter in the SLE group and in 10 healthy controls. This pattern of abnormality does not allow differentiation of SLE lesions from the chronic plaques occurring in multiple sclerosis. There was a very high incidence of current psychiatric morbidity in the SLE group, namely in 12 of the 13 patients. There was no correlation between the presence of current psychiatric involvement and/or cognitive dysfunction and abnormalities detected with MRI or MRS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance ; imaging ; Fast spin echo ; Fast ; FLAIR ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) and proton density/T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) brain images with 3-mm slices were acquired monthly for 7 months in 37 multiple sclerosis patients. New and enlarging lesions were counted and compared according to the site of lesions seen with each sequence. In addition, the number of new enhancing lesions seen on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging at the same time points was counted. All sequences used 3-mm contiguous axial slices. Overall, 126 new or enlarging lesions were seen on FSE and 135 on fast FLAIR (P = 0.25, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Regional comparisons revealed significantly more fast FLAIR lesions only in the cortical/subcortical areas. There was a total of 295 new enhancing lesions over the same period – a gain in the number of ‘active lesions’ of 234% seen with FSE and 218% with FLAIR. It is concluded that serial thin slice fast FLAIR is only slightly superior to FSE in detecting new and enlarging multiple sclerosis lesions but the difference is not sufficient to recommend that FLAIR should replace FSE in short-term, exploratory trials in MS using monthly scanning. Gadolinium-enhanced imaging is more then twice as sensitive as either FSE or fast FLAIR to new multiple sclerosis lesion activity, and enhancing lesions should provide the primary outcome measure in such studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 12 (1976), S. 59-71 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Intracranial infection ; Abscess ; Meningitis ; Encephalitis ; Tuberculoma ; CAT scanning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The value of computerized axial tomography (CAT) in the management of intracranial infections is described and the findings compared with those of other conventional neuroradiological investigations. The most important contribution is in the diagnosis and localization of cerebral abscess. CAT provides not only information of the nature of the lesion but also the number of loculi and the presence of multiple lesions; it is the investigation of choice for follow-up of patients with cerebral abscess treated either by operation or conservatively. CAT is invalueither in the investigation of other infectious conditions affecting the intracranial structures, especially when patients present with a focal neurological deficit and it is vital to exclude an abscess.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 12 (1977), S. 233-236 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cleidocranial dysostosis ; Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 17 (1978), S. 7-12 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: CT Scan ; EEG ; Carotid occlusion ; Cerebral infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Computed tomography (CT scanning) was carried out on 35 patients with proven occlusion of the carotid artery. There was a clear correlation of the clinical picture with the CT demonstration of cerebral infarct; 14 patients had no identifiable infarct. The findings were also correlated with angiographic data. The degree of cross or collateral filling of the middle cerebral artery on the affected side correlated better with the clinical features than with the CT data. Radioisotope studies were positive in only 50% of cases in which CT had shown infarction; this was related to the time interval between the onset of symptoms and scanning. The significance of these findings and their relationship to previous clinical necropsy data are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: CT ; Atherosclerosis ; Ectasia basilar artery ; Basilar artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five angiographically confirmed cases of ectasia of the basilar artery are described. Three patients presented with the classical combination of lower cranial nerve, bulbar, cerebellar and long tract signs and dementia, one as obstructive hydrocephalus with papilloedema, and the fifth with symptoms of chiasmal compression. All were above middle age and hypertensive. CT scanning demonstrated a partially calcified, tubular, enhancing prepontine and suprasellar mass in every case. Ventricular enlargement and cerebral parenchymal abnormalities were also present. These appearances are sufficiently characteristic to make invasive radiological investigation unnecessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 26 (1984), S. 333-345 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Intracranial infection ; intracranial empyema ; subdural abscess ; CT ; angiography ; extracerebral infection ; epidural abscess
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracranial empyemas are collections of pus, which usually develop in the subdural or extradural space; the former is more frequent. They are not common lesions, forming about one fifth to one third of reported series of intracranial abscesses [1, 2]. In the preantibiotic era, they were commonly fatal [3], but a review of series reported since widespread use of antibiotics indicated a continuing mortality rate of 25% [4]. Their radiological interest resides not only in their importance, but also in the problems of early diagnosis. Negative results have been reported with a number of techniques, including radionuclide imaging [5], computed tomography (CT) [2, 4, 6, 7] and cerebral angiography [8, 9]. A recent neurosurgical review concluded balefully that “no reassurance can be obtained from negative investigations”. The present study is an examination of the possible ways in which such negative studies, particularly CT, can be avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 29 (1987), S. 143-151 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Syringomyelia ; spondylosis ; plain radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighty eight patients with proven syringomyelia have been studied retrospectively to explore the relationship between syringomyelia and spondylotic degeneration of the cervical spine. When compared with age and sex matched control subjects, they showed no significant increase in incidence or severity of spondylosis or of vertebral subluxation. Duration of symptoms, degree of disablity, and the pattern of analgesia or lower motor neurone lesions in the arms did not appear to be related to the development of spondylosis. The onset of moderate spondylosis was, however, earlier than in the controls, and individual cases with a remarkably early onset or unusual site and/or severity of spondylosis and subluxation were encountered, particularly following laminectomy. It was also noted that in a small number of patients the concomitant development of spondylosis contributed to clinical deterioration. It is concluded that while syringomyelia does not have a consistent, major role in the development of cervical spondylosis or vertebral luxation, it may contribute to progression of spinal degenerative disease in some patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: CT scanning ; Periventricular lucency ; Hydrocephalus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty patients with raised intracranial pressure and lowered attenuation areas around the lateral ventricles (‘periventricular lucency’, PVL) on CT scanning were reviewed, and compared with a control group of 90 similar patients who did not have PVL. It was confirmed that PVL tends to occur in patients with acute or subacute obstructive hydrocephalus due to a tumour, and is more common in the presence of papilloedema and/or a decreased level of consciousness. Patients with very dilated lateral ventricles did not in general have PVL, but it was frequently seen in association with diastasis of the sutures. Twelve patients with PVL had no other clinical or radiological indication of raised intracranial pressure. Comparison with the control cases did not reveal any reason as to why some patients should develop PVL while others did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 187-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Neuroradiological tests, invasive and non-invasive ; CT-Radionuclide studies ; Plain X-rays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 25 year retrospective survey of requests for imaging studies in a neurological hospital showed that the introduction of a radionuclide scanning service had a relatively minor effect on the demand for other investigations. The introduction of computed tomography ten years later had a profound and continuing effect on not only the pattern and volume of requests for imaging, but also on inpatient discharges and outpatient attendances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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