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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolically dependent blood-brain barrier breakdown in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 630-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Dinitrophenol ; Gadolinium ; Lanthanum ; Vesicle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE), a model of immune-mediated demyelination, using gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in vivo and the bood-brain barrier (BBB) markers, lanthanum nitrate and Gd nitrate, histologically. In regions of the spinal cord showing Gd enhancement, there was evidence for vesicular transport as a mechanism of BBB breakdown in CREAE, shown by an increased number of endiothelial vesicles containing lanthanide (lanthanum or Gd, whichever had been perfused) and deposition of tracer in the perivascular space; tight interendothelial junctions remained intact. Prior perfusion with 2,4-dinitrophenol, a metabolic inhibitor, suppressed the appearance of endothelial vesicles containing lanthanide and tracer in the perivascular space. We conclude that an important contribution to BBB breakdown in CREAE is mediated by a metabolic change in the endothelial cells associated with increased vesicular transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299413
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of systemic lupus erythematosus involving the central nervous system (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 522-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Systemic lupus erythematosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 13 patients with neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on previous and/or current neurological or psychotic episodes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) together with psychiatric and cognitive assessment. MRI was abnormal in 7 patients, showing high signal lesions in the white matter and/or cerebral atrophy. Proton MRS centred on white matter lesions in 5 patients showed a reduction in theN-acetyl aspartate creatine ratio compared with normal appearing white matter in the SLE group and in 10 healthy controls. This pattern of abnormality does not allow differentiation of SLE lesions from the chronic plaques occurring in multiple sclerosis. There was a very high incidence of current psychiatric morbidity in the SLE group, namely in 12 of the 13 patients. There was no correlation between the presence of current psychiatric involvement and/or cognitive dysfunction and abnormalities detected with MRI or MRS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867424
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging parameters with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 961-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multi-parametric ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic ; resonance imaging ; Lesion volume ; Clinico-radiological correlation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used to monitor new treatments in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its role is limited by the uncertain relationship between MRI parameters and clinical disability. A brain MRI study using nine MRI parameters was undertaken in 15 MS patients with a wide spectrum of disability to evaluate the relationship between each parameter and disability. A strong correlation was found between disability (measured using Kurtzke’s EDSS) and total lesion load on both proton density (PD; r = 0.79) and T1 (r = 0.71) weighted sequences. There was also a strong correlation of disability with average lesion magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR; r = –0.74) and calculated T1 (r = 0.71) but not with calculated T2 or the average signal intensity of lesions on the conventional T1-weighted, PD-weighted and heavily T2-weighted images. Thus, four parameters which measured either the extent of lesions (PD lesion load) or their pathological severity (MTR, calculated T1, hypointense T1-lesion load) were correlated significantly with disability. While this suggests that such parameters will be useful in treatment trial monitoring, further multi-parameter MRI studies, of larger cohorts and using a wider range of techniques, are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050491
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transverse magnetisation decay characteristics of longstanding lesions and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Axonal loss ; Disability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of transverse magnetisation decay of 120 longstanding lesions and 40 regions of normal-appearing white matter have been analysed in 40 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 10 normal controls. Fifty lesions showed a biexponential decay in which two water compartments – one probably intracellular, the other extracellular – could be defined. There was a higher frequency of biexponential lesions in patients with a primary progressive course but no significant difference between benign and secondary progressive groups. Seventy lesions showed a monoexponential decay, of which 31 showed a T2 of greater than 200 ms, implying that these lesions were predominantly composed of extracellular rather than intracellular water. The results imply that an expanded extracellular space within chronic MS brain lesions is a common finding at all levels of disability and disease course. In so far as an expanded extracellular space implies axonal loss, the results suggest that the latter occurs commonly in longstanding MS lesions. The lack of correlation with disability suggests a limited role for the technique in therapeutic monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial magnetisation transfer ratios in gadolinium-enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 308-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetisation transfer ; Gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The magnetisation transfer (MT) ratio of eight multiple sclerosis lesions has been studied serially. Initially, when the lesions showed gadolinium enhancement, there was a marked reduction in their MT ratio compared with normal white matter. Follow-up a mean of 11 months later (range 3–23 months), when the lesions no longer enhanced, revealed a consistent and usually marked recovery of the MT ratios towards normal. The MT ratio is thought to reflect the structural integrity of tissues with an important contribution from myelin and axons. MT imaging is a promising tool for elucidating pathophysiology and monitoring treatment in multiple sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050092
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optic nerve fibre lesions in adult cats: Pattern of recovery of spatial vision (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 491-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Partial deafferentation ; Spatial vision in the cat ; Brain recovery ; Contrast sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Partial deafferentation in the pre-geniculate optic pathways of the adult cat was produced by micro-injection of diphtheria toxin. In this lesion a certain proportion of fibres was damaged while neighbouring fibres remained unaffected. Behavioural methods were used to study the time course, pattern, and extent of recovery of spatial vision after such lesions. Cats were trained to discriminate square-wave gratings from blank fields. A range of grating sizes (0.13–2.61 cycles/degree) at high contrast were presented each day and when performance was consistently 100%, the lesion was placed. At 24 h post-lesion and serially thereafter grating discrimination was tested. Contrast sensitivity was also measured before and after the lesion. All cats recovered to pre-lesion performance levels. The time course of recovery was characterized by an early rapid phase followed by a longer slower phase. The early recovery was temporally coincident with dispersal of oedema at the site of the lesion, while the later slower recovery probably represented a functional reorganization at the synapse. Optic nerve fibre analyses at one year post-lesion showed reduction in fibre content ranging from 33 to 77% in different cats without shift in the fibre size histograms. The length of recovery time was directly related to the magnitude of fibre loss. The return of spatial frequency perception was hierarchical — first medium (1–4 days), then low (1–2 months) and finally high spatial frequencies (5–8 months). Possible mechanisms are discussed and it is suggested that such a pattern of psychophysical results could be accounted for by different rates of recovery for X and Y pathways, the Y-type recovering at a faster rate than the X-type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238518
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN (Pi) TYPES IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND LACK OF INTERACTION WITH IMMUNOGLOBULIN (GM) MARKERS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis is thought to involve several genetic loci apart from the HLA region on chromosome 6. No Pi allotype nor phenotype was associated with the disease in 125 unrelated patients from the Grampian region of northeast Scotland. Despite a previously reported Gm-HLA association in this population there was no apparent interaction between Pi alleles and Gm type which influenced disease susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1988.tb00428.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Demyelination on Conduction in the Central Nervous System (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 221 (1969), S. 182-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Several methods have been used in the past to produce demyelination experimentally in the central nervous system, but none have made possible the precise localization of a circumscribed lesion at a given site. They are therefore rather unsuitable for electrophysiological studies of conduction in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/221182a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple Sclerosis: Epidemiology and HLA Associations (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 436 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb14781.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration der Plaqueentwicklung bei multipler Sklerose mittels Magnetisation-Transfer-Ratio-Bildern und Protonenspektroskopie mit kurzer Echozeit (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 996-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multiple Sklerose ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Protonenspektroskopie ; Magnetisation-Transfer ; Demyelinisierung ; Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Multiple sclerosis ; Proton spectroscopy ; Magnetisation transfer ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We investigated a patient with secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis during an acute relapse and after 6 months using several Magnetic Resonance methods. Conventional Magnetic Resonance images demonstrated at the time of relapse a large gadolinium enhancing lesion. Using proton spectroscopy and Magnetisation Transfer images heterogeneous changes suggestive of oedematous swelling peripherally, and active myelin destruction centrally were demonstrated in the acute phase. After clinical recovery there was marked resolution of acute inflammatory Magnetic Resonance abnormalities and recovery of MR tissue parameters. In comparison with conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetisation Transfer Imaging and Proton Spectroscopy provide improved characterisation of pathological changes in MS.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten eine Patientin mit sekundär progressiver multipler Sklerose während eines akuten Schubes und im Verlauf nach 6 Monaten mit verschiedenen Magnetresonanztechniken. In der konventionellen Bildgebung fand sich zeitgleich zur klinischen Verschlechterung eine ausgedehnte kontrastmittelanreichernde Läsion. Mittels der Protonenspektroskopie und Magnetisation-Transfer-Bildern konnten heterogene pathologische Veränderungen mit wahrscheinlich ödematösen Gewebeveränderungen in der Peripherie und Demyelinisierung im Zentrum der Läsion in der akuten Phase dargestellt werden. Mit dem Abklingen der akuten Symptomatik zeigte sich eine Rückbildung der akut entzündlichen Aktivität und eine Erholung der MR-Gewebeparameter. Im Vergleich zur konventionellen Magnetresonanztomographie bieten Magnetisation Transfer Bildgebung und Protonen Spektroskopie spezifischere Informationen bei der Darstellung pathologischer Gewebeveränderungen der multiplen Sklerose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050229
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