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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance ; imaging ; Fast spin echo ; Fast ; FLAIR ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) and proton density/T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) brain images with 3-mm slices were acquired monthly for 7 months in 37 multiple sclerosis patients. New and enlarging lesions were counted and compared according to the site of lesions seen with each sequence. In addition, the number of new enhancing lesions seen on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging at the same time points was counted. All sequences used 3-mm contiguous axial slices. Overall, 126 new or enlarging lesions were seen on FSE and 135 on fast FLAIR (P = 0.25, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Regional comparisons revealed significantly more fast FLAIR lesions only in the cortical/subcortical areas. There was a total of 295 new enhancing lesions over the same period – a gain in the number of ‘active lesions’ of 234% seen with FSE and 218% with FLAIR. It is concluded that serial thin slice fast FLAIR is only slightly superior to FSE in detecting new and enlarging multiple sclerosis lesions but the difference is not sufficient to recommend that FLAIR should replace FSE in short-term, exploratory trials in MS using monthly scanning. Gadolinium-enhanced imaging is more then twice as sensitive as either FSE or fast FLAIR to new multiple sclerosis lesion activity, and enhancing lesions should provide the primary outcome measure in such studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 500-501 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Disease activity ; Fast spin echo ; Fast fluid-attenuated inversion ; recovery ; Reproducibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have addressed the question of the precision in assessing multiple sclerosis (MS) activity by counting enhancing lesions on gadolinium enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, counting the active lesions on serial unenhanced MRI obtained by various pulse sequences has not been yet considered. We compared the interobserver levels of agreement in reporting active MS lesions on serial enhanced and unenhanced MRI to assess whether the use of various unenhanced techniques may change the degree of interobserver measurement reproducibility. Dual-echo conventional spin echo (CSE), dual-echo fast spin echo (FSE), fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and Gd-enhanced T1-weighted brain MRI were obtained from five MS patients at baseline and monthly for 2 months. Six experienced observers independently identified and counted active MS lesions on the two follow-up MRI scans. Active lesions were considered to be all the enhancing lesions and any new or enlarging lesion on enhanced and unenhanced scans. Interobserver levels of agreement were calculated by weighted κ values. Very good agreement was reached only for counting total and new Gd-enhancing lesions. Good agreement was achieved for counting new lesions on the three unenhanced techniques, whereas the agreement for counting enlarging lesions was poor with all the MRI techniques. The level of agreement was significantly heterogeneous for various MRI techniques but not for various lesion sites. These results confirm that counting enhancing lesions is the most reliable method for assessing MS activity, but the use of any of the available unenhanced MRI techniques did not result in different levels of interobserver agreement when reporting new and enlarging MS lesions on serial scans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 852-855 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Larmor ; Joseph ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neurology history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The origin of many of the eponymous terms in modern medicine is unknown to many people who utter them daily. As a contribution to understanding the historical background of MRI, we provide a brief account of the life and work of Joseph Larmor, the Irish scientist, whose name is frequently used by chemists, physicists and radiologists alike.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences ; Echo-planar imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We used five MRI sequences in six patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): conventional spin-echo (CSE) with 5-mm slices; 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) with 2-mm slices; multishot T2*-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) with 5-mm slices; fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (fFLAIR) with 2-mm slices; and 3D fast spin-echo with 1.5-mm-thick slices. A total of 225 lesions were detected on CSE, 274 on 2D FSE, 137 on EPI, 385 on fFLAIR and 320 on 3D FSE. The EPI sequence was clearly the least sensitive and susceptibility artefact was a problem, particularly in the brain stem and temporal lobes. Fast FLAIR displayed a much higher number of supratentorial lesions (380) than 3D FSE (297), 2D FSE (264) or CSE (211). However, in the posterior cranial fossa 3D FSE was the most sensitive sequence (23 lesions), followed by CSE (14) and 2D FSE (10), while fFLAIR (5) was extremely insensitive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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