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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endometrial and plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 89 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), oestradiol and progesterone levels have been measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma and in endometrial homogenates of 30 women undergoing hysterectomy. Results were grouped according to the histological stages of the endometrium. In plasma, oestradiol and progesterone concentrations changed from proliferative to secretory stages in the well-established pattern of the menstrual cycle, but PAPP-A levels did not change. In endometrium, oestradiol levels were high during the proliferative stage and low in inactive and secretory endometrium. Endometrial PAPP-A and progesterone concentrations increased from inactive to secretory stages, but only the increase in PAPP-A was statistically significant. A positive correlation observed between endometrial PAPP-A concentrations and plasma oestradiol/progesterone ratio suggests a possible hormonal control for the presence of PAPP-A in the uterus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1982.tb05093.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue and plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A): comparison with other fetoplacental products (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 89 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Human placental lactogen (hPL), α-fetoprotein (AFP), prolactin (PRL) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma, in homogenates of trophoblast, decidua, chorion, amnion and in amniotic fluid from 10 patients after non-complicated term delivery. Plasma samples and homogenates of trophoblast and decidua were also collected from 10 patients undergoing surgical termination of pregnancy between 7 and 12 weeks gestation. In addition, plasma and endometrial samples from 10 patients undergoing hysterectomy for other indications than malignancy were analysed for comparison. The highest tissue concentrations of hPL, AFP and PRL corresponded in each case to the known site of synthesis. For PAPP-A the highest concentration was found in maternal plasma at term [238·8±75·6 (SEM)μg/ml]. The highest tissue concentration was found at term in the decidua (57·0±2·0 μg/g), more than three times higher than that in the trophoblast (16·9±5·4 μg/g). The concentrations of PAPP-A in endometrial samples from non-pregnant women (1·9±0·6 μg/g) was 40 times higher than that in the corresponding plasma samples (0·05±0·02 μg/ml). These observations point to the decidua as a possible source of PAPP-A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1982.tb05077.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A): concentration in uterine fluid and immunohistochemical localization in the endometrium (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 91 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) was localized immunohistochemically in the endometrium and measured in uterine fluid of non-pregnant women. The variations of PAPP-A concentrations in uterine fluid during the menstrual cycle paralleled those found in the endometrium. In patients receiving hormone therapy there was a significant correlation between the uterine fluid PAPP-A concentration and the progestogen to oestrogen potency ratio of the hormonal treatment. The presence of PAPP-A in the uterine fluid cannot simply be explained by blood contamination or cell damage. These results are interpreted as indirect evidence for an exocrine as well as an endocrine secretion of PAPP-A by the endometrium which might be influenced by hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1984.tb03698.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progesterone dependence and extratrophoblastic origin of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in early pregnancy (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 237 (1986), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: PAPP-A ; hCG ; RU486 ; Abortions ; Moles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a macromolecular glycoprotein produced in increasing concentration as pregnancy advances. PAPP-A is not specific to pregnancy since measurable levels have been found in non-pregnant females and in males. In non-pregnant females, PAPP-A is probabely produced by the endometrium. The origin of PAPP-A in pregnant women is still controversial. In-vitro trophoblast and decidual explants both produce PAPP-A. So far, it is not known if the same applies to the in-vivo situation and to what extent these two tissues contribute to the circulating levels of PAPP-A. This study compares the circulating concentrations of PAPP-A and β-hCG and progesterone in different pathological situations. In hydatidiform moles, β-hCG levels are very high demonstrating an intense trophoblastic activity, whereas PAPP-A levels remain in the normal range. With spontaneous abortions, β-hCG levels decline to very low values whereas PAPP-A continues to increase. These observations furnish indirect evidence for a major contribution to circulating PAPP-A levels by extratrophoblastic sites. Furthermore, PAPP-A levels decrease after administration of an antiprogesterone (RU486) either in-vivo or in-vitro. This is considered as a proof that PAPP-A levels in early pregnancy are progesterone dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02133854
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic theory, near-continuum model for membrane transport (1973)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 1 (1973), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Continuum flow theory (Poiseuille flow, Fick diffusion) is of dubious validity for small pores. For gases, kinetic theory permits an extension of continuum theory to Knudsen near-continuum slip-flow, by means of a change only in boundary conditions. The range of validity of near-continuum gas flow theory is for channel widths larger than a small number of mean free paths. Here a comparable kinetic theory extension of continuum theory has been developed for liquids. A “saltation,” near rolling, boundary condition is shown to be applicable. The range of validity of this near continuum liquid flow theory is for channels wider than about five molecular diameters (i.e., 15 Å for water). Predictions of the theory are tested against the well calibrated data of Beck and Schultz (1972) as well as data from biological membranes. The results are compared with the continuum theory used by Renkin (1954) and others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367272
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