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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological Control of Ventricular Rate During Atrial Fibrillation (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirteen anesthetized canine subjects (17–29 kg) were used to demonstrate that mild cervical left vagal stimulation could control ventricular rate effectively during atrial fibrillation (AF). Two studies are presented. The first study used six subjects to demonstrate the inverse relationship between (manually applied) left vagal stimulation and ventricular excitation (R wave) rate during AF. As left vagal stimulation frequency was increased, ventricular excitation rate decreased. In these studies, a left vagal stimulus frequency of 0–10 per second reduced the ventricular excitation rate from 〉 200/min to 〈 50/min. The decreasing ventricular excitation rate with increasing left vagal stimulation frequency was universal, occurring in all 26 trials with the six subjects. This fundamental principle was used to construct an automatic controller for use in the second study, in which seven subjects were used to demonstrate that ventricular rate can be brought to and maintained within a targeted range with the use of an automatic (closed-loop) controller. A 45-minute record of automatic ventricular rate control is presented. Similar records were obtained in all seven subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2000.tb00937.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-mortem Changes After Lead Extraction From the Ovine Coronary Sinus and Great Cardiac Vein (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated in sheep, non-thoracotomy extraction of leads which had been chronically implanted in the right atrium (RA), coronary sinus/great cardiac vein (CS / GCV) and right ventricle (RV) for atrial implantable defibrillation. Clinical success of extraction as well as gross and histologic findings in the heart are reported. Six of nine sheep had successful extractions. The major complication was laceration of the wall of the great coronary vein with hemorrhage into the pericardial space and cardiac tamponade. Tissue damage included several reversible changes: intra-tissue hemorrhage, thrombosis in the veins, and some necrosis of fat, vascular wall and myocardium. Myocyte necrosis was estimated as 0.03 to 0.3 grams of tissue. Osseous and cartilaginous metaplasia was more common around the RA lead than the CS/GCV lead. In cases where the lead must be removed, removal from the venous insertion site using lead extraction equipment should only be attempted with surgical back-up for emergency thora-cotomy to control hemorrhage in the event of vessel laceration. Safer explantation of these leads from the vein entry site will require the development of new extraction procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb01108.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Atrioventricular Nodal Response to Electrical Left Vagal Stimulation (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 27 (1999), S. 758-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Vagal stimulation ; A–V conduction ; Vagal response time ; Vagal transient response ; Left vagal stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic effect of left vagal stimulation on atrioventricular conduction was studied in six isofluorane-anesthetized dogs ranging in weight from 22 to 29 kg. The cervical vagus nerve trunks were left intact and no beta-adrenergic blockade was produced so that any influences of the sympathetic nervous system and autonomic reflex activity could be observed. Atrial pacing was used to control the heart rate while single, short trains of left vagal stimulation were delivered and timed to occur at different instants during the cardiac cycle. The magnitude of the A—V delay depended on the instant of delivery of the train of vagal stimuli during the cardiac cycle. Vagal effect curves were constructed and fit to a mathematical equation which describes the pharmacokinetic behavior of a bolus injection of a drug whose onset time is of the same order as its half-life. The three parameters of this equation have physiologic significance and are related to nerve propagation time and synaptic delay, acetylcholine concentration rise, and the acetylcholineesterase mechanism. The maximum A—V delay occurred when the short train of left vagal stimuli was applied 200–300 ms after the atrial pacing stimulus and the total effect was virtually over by 800–1000 ms. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8719Nn, 8754Dt, 8719Ff
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.229
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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