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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microglia with an Endothelin ETB Receptor Aggregate in Rat Hippocampus CA1 Subfields Following Transient Forebrain Ischemia (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We examined endothelin (ET) receptors in the hippocampus CA1 subfields of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to a 10-min bilateral carotid occlusion and reperfusion. When delayed neuronal death had occurred in the pyramidal cell layer at 7 days after transient forebrain ischemia, the quantitative receptor autoradiographic method we used revealed a dramatic increase in number of 125I-ET-1 binding sites in the hippocampus CA1 subfields. The highest number of de novo binding sites appeared in the area corresponding anatomically to the pyramidal cell layer with neuronal death. These binding sites were characteristically the ETB receptor. The de novo 125I-ET-1 binding was mainly present on microglia aggregating with a high density in the damaged pyramidal cell layer. As ET-1- and ET-3-like immunoreactivities were highly expressed within astrocytes in damaged neural tissue, the possibility that microglia with the ETB receptor are activated to participate in the pathophysiology of ischemia-related neural tissue damage by astrocytic ET-1 and ET-3 produced in response to transient forebrain ischemia would have to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63031042.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of c-fos in Mouse Brain During Postnatal Development: Basal Levels and Changing Response to Metrazol and Kainate Injection (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 3 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Levels and cellular distribution of FOS, the product of c-fos (onco)gene, were studied by immunohistochemistry during the development of mouse brain at rest and after the administration of convulsants. Basal FOS immunoreactivity became detectable only after postnatal day 20 (P20). Metrazol and kainate at the appropriate doses induced convulsions at all ages but, in both cases, FOS accumulated in limbic areas (particularly in the dentate gyrus) only after a certain age: P20 for kainate and P30 for Metrazol. Surprisingly, considering the different molecular targets of Metrazol and kainate, respectively, and the different type of convulsions elicited, the cell groups in the limbic areas in which FOS increased were the same in the two cases. These results suggest that both drugs produced FOS increase by finally activating the same circuit. During ontogeny, the ability to accumulate FOS, which appears after P20, could be the sign of the attained maturity of signal transduction mechanisms in the cells of the hippocampal formation; endogenous signals originating from the activity of the nervous system increase the basal FOS levels and exogenous signals (i.e. like those given, probably locally, by kainate) further increase these levels. Metrazol manifests its capability to induce FOS accumulation only at later ages. We suggest that this occurs because the Metrazol target is probably distant from the hippocampal region and thus the maturity of a nerve pathway(s) is also required for c-fos induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1991.tb01672.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functions of peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, especially 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor, in gastrointestinal motility (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 35 (2000), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words: acetylcholine release ; in-vivo microdialysis ; in-vitro receptor autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The multiple 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) receptor subtypes are distinguished. In this article, we described mainly the 5-HT4 receptor of four subtypes of functional 5-HT receptors, 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, and 5-HT4, recognized in the gastrointestinal tract. In-vivo microdialysis experiments determined that activation of the 5-HT4 receptor stimulated intestinal motor activity associated with a local increase in acetylcholine (ACh) release from the intestinal cholinergic neurons in the whole body of dogs. The 5-HT4 receptor-mediated response of ACh release in the antral, corporal, and fundic strips isolated from guinea pig stomach corresponds to the presence of 5-HT4 receptor in the myenteric plexus. In-vitro receptor autoradiograms of the stomach and colon indicate that the distribution of 5-HT4 receptors in human tissues is similar to that in the guinea pig, although density of 5-HT4 receptors in the myenteric plexus of human tissues is lower than that in guinea pig tissues. The 5-HT4 receptors located in the myenteric plexus may participate in gastrointestinal motility, and thus the 5-HT4 agonists and antagonists may be available for treatment of dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005350070056
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelin Receptors in Rat Pituitary Gland (1997)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 17 (1997), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: endothelin ; ETA receptor ; ETB receptor ; rat pituitary gland ; Rathke's pouch ; BQ-123 ; sarafotoxin S6c ; quantitative receptor autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. We used the quantitative receptor autoradiographic method plus 125I-endothelin-1 (125I-ET-1), BQ-123, a specific antagonist for the endothelin ETA receptor, and sarafotoxin S6c, a selective agonist for the ETB receptor to investigate the ET receptor in the rat pituitary gland. 2. The method revealed that the BQ-123-sensitive ETA receptor was present predominantly in the anterior lobe and Rathke's pouch. 3. The posterior lobe contained BQ-123-sensitive ETA and sarafotoxin S6c-sensitive ETB receptors, in almost the same proportion. There was no significant 125I-ET-1 binding to the intermediate lobe. 4. Knowledge of the heterogeneous distribution of ET receptor subtypes in the pituitary gland supplies information that will be pertinent to physiological investigations of the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026381105170
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Glial Endothelin/Nitric Oxide in Delayed Neuronal Death of Rat Hippocampus After Transient Forebrain Ischemia (2000)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 20 (2000), S. 541-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: nitric oxide synthase ; endothelin ETB receptor ; microglia, astrocytes ; delayed neuronal death ; transient forebrain ischemia ; hippocampus CA1 subfield (rat)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. We examined time- and cell-type-dependent changes in endothelin (ET)-1-like immunoreactivity, ET receptors binding and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity in CA1 subfields of the hippocampus of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to a 10-min bilateral carotid occlusion and reperfusion. 2. Microglia aggregated in accord with neuronal death and expressed a high density of ETB receptors and an intense NOS activity in the damaged CA1 pyramidal cell layer, 7 days after the induced transient forebrain ischemia. The increased NOS activity and ETB receptor in microglia disappeared 28 days after this transient ischemia. 3. In contrast to microglia, astrocytes presented a moderate level of ET-1-like immunoreactivity, ETB receptors, and NOS activity in all areas of the damaged CA1 subfields, 7 days after the ischemia. These events were further enhanced 28 days after the ischemia. 4. In light of these findings, the possibility that the microglial and the astrocytic ETB/NO system largely contributes to development of the neuronal death and to reconstitution of the damaged neuronal tissue, respectively, in the hippocampus subjected to a transient forebrain ischemia would have to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007007710703
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