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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathepsin E in follicle associated epithelium of intestine and tonsils: localization to M cells and possible role in antigen processing (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 99 (1993), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A specific rabbit anti-human serum was used selectively to localize the aspartic proteinase cathepsin E to follicle associated epithelium (FAE) of human and rat intestine, including jejunum, ileum, appendix, colon and rectum, as well as of human palatine, pharyngeal and lingual tonsils. Coexpression of class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR antigen has been observed in some of the cathepsin E-positive epithelial cells. In addition, cathepsin E has been detected in a few mononuclear cells of intestinal lymphoid structures and tonsils resembling interdigitating reticulum cells of lymph nodes. Another aspartic proteinase, cathepsin D, has been found to be poorly represented in FAE and intensely expressed by macrophages. Electron immunocytochemistry localized cathepsin E to endosomal vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum of M cells in rat and human ileum as well as of M-like cells in human palatine tonsil. The results suggest a possible role of endosomal cathepsin E in the processing of macromolecules and microorganisms transported by M cells and related epithelial cells to mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269138
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low acid output in Pima Indians (1984)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 29 (1984), S. 785-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Duodenal ulcer has not been observed in full-heritage Pima Indians, while gastric cancer is relatively frequent. To investigate possible underlying factors for this phenomenon, we determined gastric acid output, gastric emptying rate, and plasma levels of gastrin, pepsinogen I, and pepsinogen II in apparently healthy Pima Indian and in Caucasian controls. The Pimas had significantly lower basal and stimulated outputs of gastric acid and higher fasting and postprandial plasma gastrin concentrations than the caucasians. Plasma pepsinogen I levels were similar in the two groups, but plasma pepsinogen II was significantly higher and the ratio of pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II was significantly lower in the Pima Indians. In addition, gastric emptying of an acaloric liqid meal was significantly delayed in the Pimas. The results suggest that the absence of duodenal ulcer in Pima Indians may be related to low gastric acid production and aslow rate of gastric emptying in this population. The associated findings of hypergastrinemia, hyperpepsinogenemia II, and a low ratio of pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II suggest that the hypochlorhydria may reflect an increased pervalence of chronic gastritis in full-heritage Pima Indians. This, in turn, could represent a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01318419
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of proximal gastric vagotomy on serum pepsinogen I and II concentrations and acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients (1988)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 33 (1988), S. 824-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: vagotomy ; pepsinogens ; acid secretion ; duodenal ulcer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acid secretion and basal serum pepsinogen I and II concentrations were measured in 14 duodenal ulcer patients before and at intervals up to six years after proximal gastric vagotomy. Vagotomy led to significant and long-standing reductions in basal, vagally mediated (induced by sham feeding), and peak pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. Serum pepsinogen I concentrations also decreased significantly after vagotomy but to a significantly lesser extent than acid secretion. There was no correlation between serum pepsinogen I concentrations and peak acid secretion, either before or after vagotomy. Serum pepsinogen II concentrations decreased only slightly and transiently after vagotomy. Thus, proximal gastric vagotomy reduces acid hypersecretion and pepsinogen I hypersecretion, but not pepsinogen II hypersecretion, in duodenal ulcer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01550970
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach in Hawaii and Japan (1978)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 23 (1978), S. 815-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Japanese from Akita Prefecture, Japan, and Honolulu, Hawaii, received a battery of gastric function tests. Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were also taken from parts of the stomach at minimal, maximal, and intermediate risk for intestinal metaplasia. The serum pepsinogen I level was abnormally low in 20 of the 81 (25%) subjects who had metaplasia in two or three of these preselected sites, while only 3 of 132 subjects with metaplasia at one or no sites had low values. Neither abnormal serum gastrin nor the presence of parietal cell antibodies could be correlated with metaplasia. In two groups of male, agematched subjects—Hawaii Japanese and Hawaii Caucasians—the frequency of low serum pepsinogen I level was fourfold greater in the Japanese (9.3%) than in the Caucasians (2.3%). This finding is consistent with the higher stomach cancer risk in Hawaii Japanese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01079791
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of topical acid on duodenal pepsinogen secretion in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 23 (1978), S. 989-992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of topical acid on duodenal pepsinogen secretion was studied in the anesthetized rat. Perfusion of a 5-cm segment of the proximal duodenum with normal saline or buffered saline (pH 7.2 or 6.0) elicited no detectable pepsinogen response. Perfusion with 10, 25, and 100 mN HCl resulted in a graded increase in pepsinogen output. Acetylcholine bromide, 500 μg/ml, in buffered saline, pH 7.2, also stimulated pepsinogen secretion. The pepsinogen response to 100 mN HCl and to acetylcholine was completely abolished by atropine. Secretin, 2 units/kg, did not alter pepsinogen output during perfusion with buffered saline or acid, while secretin, 75 units/kg, increased pepsinogen output. These observations suggest that topical acid stimulates duodenal pepsinogen secretion through a cholinergic reflex and that secretin is not a significant stimulant of duodenal pepsinogen secretion in the rat within the dose range employed (1–2 units/kg).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01263097
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum pepsinogen I in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (1988)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 33 (1988), S. 1274-1276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: pepsinogen ; MEN I ; hyperparathyroidism ; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ; gastrinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An increased serum pepsinogen I (PG I) concentration has been reported to be a marker of inherited peptic ulcer disease. Since both the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and hyper-parathyroidism, components of the familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I syndrome (MEN I), are often associated with peptic ulcer, we have studied serum PG I concentrations in members of six well-defined families with MEN I. Serum PG I concentrations in 20 family members with hyperparathyroidism ranged from 35 to 864 ng/ml compared to 21–92 ng/ml in 16 nonaffected MEN I members. However, serum PG I levels were significantly higher (P〈0.01) in the hyperparathyroid patients with hypergastrinemia (PGI median 192, range 75– 864 ng/ml) than in those with normogastrinemia (PGI median 75, range 35–139 ng/ml). In fact, five of seven patients with hyperparathyroidism and hypergastrinemia compared to only one of 13 hyperparathyroid patients without hypergastrinemia had increased serum PG I levels above 130 ng/ml. We conclude that in the MEN I syndrome, increased serum PG I levels are found in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome but not in hyperparathyroid patients with normogastrinemia and not in nonaffected MEN I members. The results indicate that in familial MEN I, hyperpepsinogenemia I is not inherited as a genetic trait but suggest that the elevated serum PG I levels are secondary to chronic hypergastrinemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01536679
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Celiac disease and multiple jejunal diverticulosis (1967)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 12 (1967), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 60-year-old woman with diarrhea, weight loss, steatorrhea, and anemia was found to have multiple jejunal diverticula and a flat jejunal mucosa on peroral biopsy. Serial metabolic studies and multiple jejunal biopsies conducted during a 40-day period of gluten withdrawal showed a decrease in steatorrhea, a return toward normal of mucosal lipid distribution, and focal improvement in the morphology of the jejunal surface epithelium. During gluten read-ministration, fecal fat excretion increased and the distribution of lipid droplets in the jejunal mucosa again became abnormal. The administration of an antibiotic for 16 days had no effect on the clinical, biochemical, or histologic abnormalities. The results suggest that the malabsorption was attributable to celiac disease and not to the jejunal diverticulosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02233442
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric cancer—Increased frequency in patients with achlorhydria (1973)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 18 (1973), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the difference noted in the frequency of gastric carcinoma in “achlorhydrics” as opposed to acid secretors in a follow-up study of 1590 individuals over 40 years of age in whom the state of gastric acidity was determined by tubeless gastric analysis with the azure resin compound and caffeine as the gastric stimulant. The authors describe the rationale of this tubeless gastric analysis technic with caffeine as the gastric stimulant and emphasize that “achlorhydria” as determined by this method indicates an abnormal gastric mucosa. Gastric carcinoma occurred in 3 of the 906 acid secretors (0.33%) and in 16 of the 684 achlorhydric individuals (2.3%) detected by the tubeless gastric analysis technic. The data show that the frequency of gastric carcinoma was about 7 times greater in the achlorhydric group than in the acid-secreting individuals. The increased incidence of achlorhydria from 19% in the fifth decade of life to 69% in the eighth decade suggested that an abnormal gastric mucosa may be a common accompaniment of aging. The increased occurrence of an abnormal mucosa was associated with a rise in frequency of gastric carcinoma from 1.6% in the fifth decade to 3.4% in the eighth decade. By contrast, the lower incidence of gastric carcinoma in acid secretors in the older age groups is probably related to an essentially normal gastric mucosa. Although the incidence of achlorhydria in the O and A blood groups was approximately equal (60% of the individuals in each blood group had achlorhydria) the frequency of carcinoma was about 4 times greater in subjects with blood group A than in those with blood group O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01070990
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective binding of sucralfate to gastric ulcer in man (1981)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 26 (1981), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sucralfate is a basic aluminum salt of a sulfated disaccharide. In this study, patients with gastric ulcer were given oral multiple doses of sucralfate prior to partial gastrectomy, and binding of the drug to the ulcer lesion and to nonulcerated mucosa was estimated by chemical determination of aluminum and sulfated disaccharide. The ulcerated mocosa was found to contain, on the average, 6–7 times more sucralfate per square centimeter than the control mucosa (P〈0.01 and 〈0.05 for aluminum and sulfated disaccharide, respectively). The high affinity of sucralfate for ulcerated mucosa, particularly the sucrose sulfate moiety, supports previous data that the beneficial effect of sucralfate in ulcer disease is due in part to complex formation between sucrose sulfate and proteins at the ulcer site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01308368
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