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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical second harmonic intensity images of a silver grating surface (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4229-4232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have obtained optical second harmonic (SH) intensity images of a silver grating surface. A stripe pattern was seen in the SH intensity image when the incident light polarization is perpendicular to the lines of the grooves of the grating. We have found that the strongest SH radiation comes from the bottoms of the grooves. On the other hand, the strong linear reflection comes from the slope of the grooves. We suggest that the enhancement of the electric field at the bottoms of the grooves has led to the observed strong SH radiation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1457537
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman scattering study of GaAs crystalline layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperature (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 3948-3953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Raman scattering, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low substrate temperatures (LT-GaAs). The intensity of forbidden Raman scattering of longitudinal optical and transverse optical phonons linearly increases as a function of the concentration of excess As in the range of [AsGa]=0.04×1020–1.175×1020 cm−3. Concentrations of excess As in LT-GaAs layers were estimated from the lattice spacings measured with an x-ray diffractometer. No obvious defect was seen in cross-sectional TEM images of these nonstoichiometric As-rich GaAs layers. The origin of the forbidden Raman scattering of the nonstoichiometric LT-GaAs layers is explained as the strain induced by AsGa (As antisite)-related defects with low structural symmetry. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290263
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Images of cleaved GaAs(110) surfaces observed with a reflection optical second harmonic microscope (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1614-1619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a reflection optical second harmonic (SH) microscope as a new surface probe. Using the combination of the developed SH microscope, a near infrared microscope, a confocal laser microscope, a Raman microprobe spectrometer, and an electron probe microanalyzer for x-ray fluorescence, we have observed microstructures on cleaved GaAs(110) surfaces. We have demonstrated that slab structures on these surfaces are unambiguously identified by the analysis using a combination of these microscopes. We have found that the reflection SH microscope is especially sensitive to the slab structures. The enhancement of second harmonic generation by the slab structure could be well accounted for by an electromagnetic calculation of the SH intensity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372068
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moessbauer spectroscopy and magnetization studies of .alpha.- and .beta.-ruthenium trichloride (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 31 (1992), S. 4570-4574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00048a025
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding Properties of Human Anti-DNA Antibodies to Cloned Human DNA Fragments (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The DNA–anti-DNA antibody immune complexes were isolated from plasma of systemic lupus crythematosus (SLE) patients and DNA fragments separated from immune complexes were subjected to molecular cloning. The resulting recombinant DNA clones showed a molecular size of 37–79 base pairs, a high guanine and cytosine content, high frequencies of CpG dinucleotides, and palindromic sequences, and also clusters of G+C- and A+T-rich segments. These clones hybridized randomly to total human DNA. The reactivity of dsDNA antibodies, both monoclonal and polyclonal, from SLE was examined with a cloned SLE antigen DNA. A competitive inhibition assay showed that human monoclonal antibodies had at least one magnitude higher affinity to the cloned DNA than to the native DNA fragments. In order to characterize the factors that were recognized by antibodies, human G+C-rich and also A+T-rich 100 bp DNA fragments were cloned, and their base sequences determined. The antibody showed a higher affinity to the G+C-rich DNA fragment (71% G+C) than to the A+T-rich DNA fragment (46% G+C). When cytosines in CpG doublets in G+C-rich fragments were methylated (mCpG), the reactivity increased up to 100-fold. The native anti-DNA antibodies from SLE patients also showed preferential binding to G+C-rich fragments. These observations suggested that human anti-dsDNA antibodies may recognize some unique structures around the G+C regions or G+C clusters of DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01188.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human B-Cell Clones Expressing Lupus Nephritis-Associated Anti-DNA Idiotypes are Preferentially Expanded without Somatic Mutation (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human monoclonal anti-single/double-stranded (ss/ds) DNA anlibodies (NE-1 and NE-13) expressed cross-reactive idiotypes (Id), NE-1 Id, which have been delected on the lupus glomeruli-deposited anti-DNA antibodies. The nucleotide sequences of the variable regions of NE-1 and NE-13 clones were analogous except for one nucleotide difference in the Vk region. The VH and Vk gene segments of NE-13 clone were identical with germline genes VH4.21 and Vb(or Vb′). respectively. CDR3sof NE-l and NE-13 heavy chains were arginine rich and CDR1s contained an amino acid stretch. SGYY, the inverted sequence of YYGS. which was shared among CDR3s of several anti-DNA antibodies. Clonal frequency analysis using a limiting dilution method revealed that NE-1 Id-positive clones at precursor cell level increased in lupus patients. These findings suggest that some IgM anti-DNA clones which express NE-1 Id associated with lupus nephritis use germline genes without mutation and they may be preferentially expanded at the precursor cell levels as well as at the mature cell level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb02569.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening of cadmium-responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana were treated with Cd, and transcript populations that changed their levels were screened by a fluorescent differential display method. Among the 170 cDNAs initially identified, 31 were further characterized for their identity, expression profile and response to other stresses. Sequencing revealed 10, 12 and 15 to be related to signal transduction, protein denaturing stress and responses to active oxygen species, respectively. Many of these genes responded not only to Cd, but also to oxidative stress, Cu ions and a protein denaturation agent. Upon introduction into yeast cells, two genes, encoding ATMEKK1 and a putative farnesylated protein that has two metal binding motifs, endowed marked toleration of Cd toxicity. These results suggest that oxidative stress and protein denaturation are important components of Cd toxicity, and that to cope with such stresses, plants activate a set of genes involved in metal detoxification, protein refolding and wound healing. The results also suggested temporarily and spatially well-regulated protein phosphorylation and activation of transcription factors, accompanied by their transcription.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00773.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of genes that are up-regulated in concert during sugar depletion in Arabidopsis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to identify sugar-responsive genes, Arabidopsis cDNA macro-arrays were hybridized with probes prepared from seedlings cultured in the presence or absence of sucrose. Initial screening identified 36 cDNAs that were affected, among which 11 were finally selected as being up-regulated under sugar-depleted conditions. Eight of them were novel in terms of known sugar responses. Based on the properties of encoded proteins, they were classified into three groups involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and unidentified nature. Subsequently, correlations between their expression profiles and sugar levels were analysed using intact plants. When detached leaves were subjected to sucrose depletion for 12 h, a marked decrease in glucose and sucrose occurred, and concomitantly all 11 genes were up-regulated. However, their transcripts rapidly diminished within 7 h when samples were re-supplied with sucrose. A similar pattern of up- and down-regulation was observed upon dark treatment of whole plants but not during natural senescence of mature leaves. Inhibition analyses with glucose analogues indicated that eight of these genes might be associated with the hexokinase signalling pathway. The present observations suggest that plants activate a set of genes involved in recycling of materials during sugar depletion, and that these genes are simultaneously and concertedly regulated despite functional diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2004.01146.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells from individuals with stable atopic asthma (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Activated mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) (MNCs) circulate in peripheral blood and accumulate in the airways of individuals with steady-state asthma. The expression of adhesion molecules on MNCs of 10 patients with steady-state atopic asthma and 10 non-atopic control subjects was measured by flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity of CD23 (P= 0.0003), CDl la (P= 0.034), and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) (P= 0.016) was increased on lymphocytes of asthmatic patients relative to those of controls. Although the expression of CD16 (P= 0.002) and CD23 (P= 0.002). which are associated with differentiation into macrophages, was increased on monocytes of patients relative to those of controls, monocyte expression of VLA-4 (P= 0.006) and sialyl Lewis X (P= 0.005) was reduced. The concentration of interleukin-4 (lL-4) in serum was significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in normal subjects (P= 0.023), and a significant correlation was apparent between the serum concentration of lL-4 and the expression of VLA-4 on lymphocytes (p= 0.71, P= 0.03) or on monocytes (p=−0.72, P= 0.03) in asthmatic patients. Results suggest that lL-4 may contribute to the priming of adhesion molecule expression on lymphocytes even in steady-state conditions in individuals with chronic allergic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01194.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polydeoxyribonucleotides as templates for RNA synthesis catalysed by Qβ replicase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 63 (1976), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(76)80226-8
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