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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological findings in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Thyroiditis de Quervain (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 393 (1981), S. 215-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hashimoto's thyroiditis ; Focal thyroiditis ; Granulomatous thyroiditis ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 65 cases of focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease and five cases of thyroiditis de Quervain were studied with immunohistological methods. In both focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, lymph follicles with active germinal centers were found which contained germinal center cells that stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (heavy and/or light chains). Positively staining germinal center cells made up only a minor portion of overall immunoglobulin-positive cells; most of the positive infiltrating cells were plasmacytes arranged in small groups or clusters among thyroid follicles. Thus the number of immunoglobulin-containing cells differed greatly between focal lymphocytic thyroiditis, where sites of infiltration were represented by lymph follicles, and Hashimoto's disease. In the former, only a few cells outside lymph follicles stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins, whereas in the latter numerous cells within areas of coherent infiltration did. Furthermore, in most cases of Hashimoto's disease macrophages and giant cells with positive staining for lysozyme were present in variable numbers, while in focal thyroiditis they were less frequent or absent. Between these two immunohistologically separable groups, i.e. focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, there were many cases with features of both. Considering the occurrence of such intermediate forms and some immunohistological similarities between Hashimoto's disease and focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (nearly identical ratio of the different immunoglobulin classes and similar distribution of immunoglobulin-positive germinal center cells), it is likely that these lesions represent different activities of a same immunological process. Thyroiditis de Quervain was characterized immunologically by numerous macrophage clusters and giant cells that both stained positively for lysozyme. Compared with the giant cells seen in Hashimoto's disease (mainly of Langhans type), those of de Quervain's thyroiditis (mainly of foreign body type) were larger and more numerous. Lymph follicles (with or without active germinal centers) were not observed. Among infiltrating cells, numerous plasmacytes that stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins were identified. Their number and the distribution pattern of the different classes of immunoglobulins contained within them was similar to those seen in Hashimoto's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431078
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Duodenal and ampullary carcinoid tumors (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1986), S. 475-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Duodenal neoplasms ; Carcinoid tumor ; Neurofibromatosis ; MEN I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve duodenal carcinoid tumours are presented, 4 of them located in the ampulla. Symptoms included the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (4 patients), the carcinoid syndrome (1 patient), mechanical obstruction (3 patients), bleeding (1 patient) and abdominal pain (1 patient). Two further tumours were detected by chance. Three patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome had additional endocrine tumours characteristic of the MEN I syndrome. In 2 of them the duodenal carcinoids were of very small size and were multiple. They were observed in close proximity to focal areas of endocrine cell hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical investigations showed gastrin and somatostatin to be the predominant polypeptide hormones produced by these tumours. No somatostatinoma syndrome was encountered. In half of our cases additional production of insulin, VIP or even calcitonin in smaller amounts was found. Two of our patients had cutaneous manifestations of von Recklinghausen's disease and in both of them the carcinoid was located in the ampulla. One of these patients also had a pheochromocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705301
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid and factor VIII-related antigen (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 401 (1983), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid ; Factor VIII-related antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-six malignant hemangioendotheliomas of the thyroid were examined immunohistochemically using antibody probes to factor VIII-related antigen in order to reevaluate the histogenesis of this neoplasia. The 36 cases were reclassified according to their light microscopic features without prior knowledge of the immunohistochemical results. Three different tumor types were discerned: Group I: classical hemangioendotheliomas (20 cases); Group II: borderline cases between malignant hemangioendotheliomas and anaplastic carcinomas (14 cases) and Group III: anaplastic carcinomas with hemangio-endotheliomatous features (2 cases). Factor VIII-related antigen could be demonstrated in 12 (60%) tumors of group I, 3 (21%) tumors of group II and in neither tumor of group III. Five control cases with the typical histological picture of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid were negative for factor VIII-related antigen. The results of our study suggest that at least part of the tumors termed as malignant hemangioendotheliomas are in fact derived from endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692643
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The significance of giant cells in human testicular seminomas (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 309-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Seminoma ; Giant cells ; Syncytiotrophoblastic giant cell ; B-HCG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to study the nature and significance of various giant cells encountered in seminomatous tumors of the testis, we reviewed the morphology of 243 consecutive pure seminomas and 107 combined (mixed) tumors, as well as the long term clinical follow-up in 26 patients. Giant cells were grouped into histocytic or neoplastic ones and the latter subtyped according to morphologic and immunocytochemical characteristics. Neoplastic giant cells were found in 34.6% of all pure seminomas and in 11.2% of all combined tumors, i.e. twice as often as histocytic giant cells in either tumor group. The various types of neoplastic giant cells were found alone or in combinations with other types. Giant cells capable of elaborating B-HCG were seen in 19.3 % of all pure seminomas and in 9.3% of seminomatous components of combined tumors. These incidences argue strongly against a trophoblastic element infiltrating a seminoma from a concomitant occult choriocarcinomatous focus. Large mononuclear giant cells, seen in spermatocytic seminomas, were observed in 15.6% of all pure seminomas, particularly in combination with B-HCG producing giant cells. Another type, characterized by marginated nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm were invariably part of a mononuclear cell population of similar features and encountered focally in 9.1% of all pure seminomas. Clinical follow-up, particularly in cases with B-HCG positive giant cells, revealed that treatment as for conventional seminomas at an early stage at least is followed by an excellent course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710656
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versatility of anti-horseradish peroxidase antibody-gold complexes for cytochemistry and in situ hybridization: preparation and application of soluble complexes with streptavidin-peroxidase conjugates and biotinylated antibodies (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In previous studies we have employed a gold-labelled, affinity-purified polyclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (anti-HRP — gold) in the avidinbiotin peroxidase complex (ABC) technique and indirect labelled avidin-biotin methods. The gold-labelled antibody was used as final revealing reagent to replace the 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction by immunogold silver staining. The anti-HRP — gold reagent proved to be advantageous since blocking of endogenous peroxidase activity in the tissue sections was not further required and staining of superior contrast and resolution could be achieved in paraffin sections. In the present study we have optimized this technique by combining the last two incubation steps, i.e. HRP-conjugated streptavidin and anti-HRP — gold. Different ratios of the two reagents were tested empirically to establish the conditions for the formation of a soluble complex with optimal staining properties. Quantitative evaluation by densitometry of the staining intensity showed that the soluble streptavidin-HRP/anti-HRP — gold complex and the indirect labelled avidin-biotin method employing the gold-labelled anti-HRP antibody performed equally well. Thus, the availability of this complex simplifies the streptavidin-biotin immunogold technique for immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and in situ hybridization and further demonstrates the versatility of anti-HRP — gold complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271036
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD44 isoform expression in the diffuse neuroendocrine system. I. Normal cells and hyperplasia (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Isoforms of the transmembrane glycoprotein CD44, which are generated by alternative splicing of nine variant exons, have been implicated in tumor cell adhesion, invasion and metastatic spread and may be indicators of the degree of tumor differentiation. Since little is known about the distribution of CD44 in non-neoplastic neuroendocrine cell types, we systematically investigated 42 samples of tissue from different organs, including the pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, lung, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, and colon, immunohistochemically for the expression of CD44 standard and variant exon-encoded gene products (CD44v3, v4, v5, v6, v9). Furthermore, double immunolabeling for CD44 and a variety of peptide hormones was applied to characterize the different neuroendocrine cell types. Our results show that neuroendocrine cells derived from the neuroectoderm lack CD44 immunoreactivity. However, those originated from the endoderm exhibit a variable CD44 immunostaining which is related to their anatomical localization and the degree of differentiation irrespective of the hormone produced. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CD44 positive neuroendocrine cells predominantly express CD44 isoforms of the epithelial type and that hyperplastic clusters of neuroendocrine cells of pancreatic ducts express CD44 most probably as a sign of dedifferentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473269
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD44 isoform expression in the diffuse neuroendocrine system. II. Benign and malignant tumors (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 551-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The membrane glycoprotein CD44 may be associated with aggressive behavior, dissemination, and poor prognosis of a variety of human tumors. In order to extend our knowledge on the expression and significance of CD44 in cells of the dispersed neuroendocrine system we investigated a spectrum of 134 neuroendocrine tumors, including pituitary adenomas, medullary thyroid carcinomas, parathyroid adenomas, pheochromocytomas, neuroblastomas, small-cell lung carcinomas, and bronchopulmonary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors immunohistochemically for CD44 standard and variant exon-encoded gene products (CD44v3,-v4,-v5,-v6,-v9). Furthermore, we compared protein expression with that of CD44 mRNA by reverse-transcriptase PCR and Southern blot hybridization in a subset of tumors. Our results show that CD44 expression is correlated with the “histogenetic origin” of the appropriate neuroendocrine neoplasm. Endoderm-derived tumors generally express 3′-end CD44 variant exon-containing isoforms, whereas neural crest-derived tumors rarely are positive for CD44. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CD44 expression is not correlated with metastatic disease or a particular hormonal phenotype but exhibits an association with the degree of cellular differentiation. Thus, CD44 is not useful as marker for malignancy or prognosis. The number of patients with clinical follow-up data in our study was too small to allow definite conclusions about a possible correlation between CD44 expression and prognosis. But CD44 may help to better classify neoplasms with an unclear neuroendocrine phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473270
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