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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 53 (1981), S. 552-554 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 873-886 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrochemical generation of elemental bromine from bromide-containing brine solutions using a flow-through porous electrode system was modelled and studied. Bromine yield was undermined by the homogeneous reactions taking place in the liquid phase which converted bromine back to bromide as well as other undesirable compounds. The effects of these reactions were characterized and accounted for in a mathematical description of a flow-through porous electrode system. The resulting model was used to analyse and estimate the effects of these reactions on the cell size and the current efficiency. Experimental data obtained support the model predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 887-896 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A continuous electrochemical process for bromine production from brine solutions was developed based on bromide oxidation and flow-through porous electrode technology. The bromide oxidation kinetics in a three-dimensional porous graphite electrode was determined using a small test flow cell. The data were analysed and combined into a process model to evaluate the electrode performance under many different operating conditions. Bromide conversions against cell sizes for various brine throughputs were calculated using model equations and verified by experimental data collected from a 45 cm long pilot cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 975-984 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Butyltin chlorides were produced directly from butyl chloride and a tin cathode in several undivided cell reactors with tetraethylammonium chloride and acetonitrile solvent. The complex reaction chemistry was investigated primarily in a small batch cell with a 1 cm2 planar cathode. Current densities from cathodic linear potential sweeps at 1 mV s−1 were correlated successfully with current densities and butyltin products from potentiostatic experiments. Potential windows on product formation and other major limiting reactions were thereby identified. Product yield was shown to be strongly dependent on electrolyte gas conditions, with yield decreasing as the reactor is increasingly deaerated. Use of the initial open circuit potential (i.o.c.p.) as an indicator of reaction gas conditions proved to be a convenient and reproducible technique. Under favourably oxidized conditions, current densities in the product formation potential region ranged from 66 mA cm−2 at −2.74V vs SCE to 250 mA cm−2 at −2.98 Vvs SCE which are considerably higher than previously reported current densities for this synthesis. Surprisingly, the aeration history of butyl chloride prior to synthesis may be an important factor in subsequent product yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 26 (1996), S. 1093-1102 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Experimental and modelling investigations of the hydrodynamics of the internal flow structure in the circulating particulate bed electrode (CPBE) are reported. The CPBE, a hybrid between an expanded packed bed and an entrained/fluidized bed, is particularly well suited for many electrochemical applications such as metal recovery and pollution treatments for metal containing effluents. This study deals with the fundamental hydrodynamics and particle dynamics of the CPBE. A mathematical model of the CPBE has been developed which successfully describes the motion of the particles and the fluid in the bed. It is shown that many of the flow characteristics of the circulating bed can be predicted using fundamental data. The validity of the proposed model was demonstrated by comparing predictions to experimental observations of several bed characteristics under various operating conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 20 (1990), S. 885-892 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Ionic mass transfer in a parallel plate electrochemical cell having a flow entrance representative of practical industrial cells has been studied under laminar flow condition using the ferri- and ferrocyanide redox couple. The working electrode was segmented so that local mass transfer coefficient could be measured. The mass transfer coefficients, measured for the entrance region of the cell, which is defined as the region where both hydrodynamic and concentration boundary layers are developing simultaneously, are correlated and compared with results from other studies. For the electrode section beyond the entrance region, where the flow is fully developed but the concentration boundary layer continues to grow, a correction term is added to the electrode dimension parameter in the Graetz number. In this way the Leveque equation can still be used to correlate the local mass transfer coefficient. The value of the correction term is calculated by matching the downstream mass transfer boundary layer thickness to that of a Leveque-type cell. This scheme improves substantially the convergence of the experimental data correlation and results in good agreement with the Leveque equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: oxygen reduction ; fuel cell ; Nafion ; solid polymer electrolyte ; macrocycles ; porphyrins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Heat-treated μ-oxo-iron(iii) tetramethoxy phenyl porphyrin (Fe-TMPP)2O and iron(iii) tetramethoxy phenyl porphyrin (FeTMPP-Cl) as well as iron(iii) octaethyl porphyrin (FeOEP-Cl) adsorbed on high-area carbons such as deashed and un-deashed RB carbon (Calgon) and Black Pearls-2000 (Cabot) have been found to exhibit stable and very high oxygen reduction rates. Experiments done over a period of 24h showed no performance degradation. Measured performances were very similar to supported platinum (E-Tek), when tested in 85% H3PO4-equilibrated Nafion 117 membrane at 125°C and hydrated-Nafion membrane at 60°C in a minifuel cell. The macrocycle cathodes are insensitive to the presence of methanol whereas the platinum cathodes are very sensitive and show degradation in the oxygen reduction performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 26 (1996), S. 751-756 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A direct methanol/oxygen solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell was demonstrated. This fuel cell employed a 4 mg cm−2 Pt-Ru alloy electrode as an anode, a 4 mg cm−2 Pt black electrode as a cathode and an acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane as the solid polymer electrolyte. The fuel cell is designed to operate at elevated temperature (200°C) to enhance the reaction kinetics and depress the electrode poisoning, and reduce the methanol crossover. This fuel cell demonstrated a maximum power density about 0.1 W cm−2 in the current density range of 275–500 mA cm−2 at 200°C with atmospheric pressure feed of methanol/water mixture and oxygen. Generally, increasing operating temperature and water/methanol mole ratio improves cell performance mainly due to the decrease of the methanol crossover. Using air instead of the pure oxygen results in approximately 120 mV voltage loss within the current density range of 200–400 mA cm−2 .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 1087-1093 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: oxygen electrocatalysts ; gas diffusion electrode ; PEM fuel cells ; PBI polymer electrolyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Carbon supported iron (III) tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin (FeTMPP) heat treated at 800°C under argon atmosphere was used as catalysts for the electroreduction of oxygen in direct methanol polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer electrolyte fuel cells that were operated at 150°C. The electrode structure was optimized in terms of the composition of PTFE, polymer electrolyte and carbon-supported FeTMPP catalyst loading. The effect of methanol permeation from anode to cathode on performance of the FeTMPP electrodes was examined using spectroscopic techniques, such as on line mass spectroscopy (MS), on line Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and conventional polarization curve measurements under fuel cell operating condition. The results show that carbon supported FeTMPP heat treated at 800°C is methanol tolerant and active catalyst for the oxygen reduction in a direct methanol PBI fuel cell. The best cathode performance under optimal condition corresponded to a potent ial reached of 0.6V vs RHE at a current density of 900 mAcm−2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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