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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent measurements of stellar orbits provide compelling evidence that the compact radio source Sagittarius A* (refs 4, 5) at the Galactic Centre is a 3.6-million-solar-mass black hole. Sgr A* is remarkably faint in all wavebands other than the radio region, however, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centres—more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities and the discovery of variable X-ray emission have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the centre of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 93-94 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on Oxide Catalysts. XXX. Characterization of the Me2+ Localization in Zeolites CaNaY, MgNaY, and CaMgNaYData for exchange of the cations Ca2+, Mg2+, as well as Ca2+ and Mg2+ into the zeolite NaY have been determined. From this it was concluded on the localization of Me2+ cations in hydrated samples.The adsorption of ammonia in the temperature region of 420 to 670 K, the determination of the heats of immersion in water and nitromethane and the Me2+ —CO-interaction indicated by IR spectroscopy yielded informations on the localization of cations in dehydrated samples.The results show that cations Ca2+ more selectively than cations Mg2+ occupy positions in the small cages. In the case of the competitive cation exchange this fact causes a site directed distribution of cations in zeolite cages.
    Notes: Unter Verwendung von Ioneaustauschdaten für den Eintausch von Mg2+-, Ca2+- sowie Mg2+- und Ca2+-Ionen in NaY-Zeolithe werden Aussagen zur Lokalisierung der Kationen im hydratisierten Zustand der Proben getroffen.Die Ammoniakadsorption im Bereich von 420 bis 670 K, die Ermittlung der Immersionswärmen in Wasser und Nitromethan und die IR-spektroskopisch indizierte Me2+ -Co-Wechselwirkung liefern Informationen über die Kationenlokalisierung in den dehydratisierten Proben.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Ca2+-Kationen selektiver als Mg2+-Kationen Positionen des kleinen Hohlraumsystems besetzen. Beim konkurrierenden Ionenaustausch wirkt sich die selektive Besetzung von Positionen des kleinen Hohlraumsystems mit Ca2+-Kationen dirigierend auf die Verteilung der Kationen im Zeolith aus.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 405 (1974), S. 19-32 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on Oxide Catalysts. XVI. Composition and Structure of Doped Zinc Oxide CatalystsAnalytical, x-ray, textural, IR-spectroscopic, and MÖSSBAUER investigations of zinc oxide catalysts doped with Li2O, Ga2O3 and Fe2O3 were conducted in order to reveal relations between electronic and catalytic properties.The mixtures ZnO/Li2CO3, ZnO/Ga2O3, ZnO/Fe2O3, and ZnO/57Fe(NO3)3, after the thermal pretreatment, always exist in the state of a polyphase solid system. In the ZnO/Li2O system, only a very small part of the added lithium oxide is incorporated into the zinc oxide lattice by substitution. A second part of the Li2O volatizes during the thermal pretreatment, and the greater part of it exists in the state of a separate solid phase in the catalyst and can be washed out by water. During the pretreatment, according to its temperature and duration, two-phase systems (ZnO, ZnMe2O4) or three-phase systems (ZnO, ZnMe2O4, Me2O3) are formed in the solid systems ZnO/Ga2O3 and ZnO/Fe2O3. For the reaction of both oxides forming a spinel, an electronic model is proposed.
    Notes: Um Aussagen über Zusammenhänge zwischen elektronischen und katalytischen Eigenschaften an Li2O-, Ga2O3- und Fe2O3- dotierten Zinkoxidkatalysatoren treffen zu können, wurden analytische, röntgenographische, Textur-, IR-spektroskopische und MÖSSBAUER-Untersuchungen durchgeführt.Nach der thermischen Vorbehandlung von ZnO/Li2CO3-, ZnO/Ga2O3-, ZnO/Fe2O3- und ZnO/57Fe(NO3)3-Gemischen liegen stets mehrphasige Festkörpersysteme vor. Im System ZnO/Li2O wird nur ein ganz geringer Anteil des zugesetzten Lithiumoxids in Substitution ins Zinkoxidgitter eingebaut. Ein zweiter Anteil des Lithiumoxids sublimiert während der thermischen Vorbehandlung, und der größte Teil liegt als separate Festkörperphase in den Katalysatoren vor und ist mit Wasser auswaschbar.In den Systemen ZnO/Ga2O3 und ZnO/Fe2O3 bilden sich bei der Vorbehandlung je nach deren Temperatur und Dauer Zwei- (ZnO, ZnMe2O4) oder Dreiphasen- Systeme (ZnO, ZnMe2O4, Me2O3). Für die Reaktion beider Oxide zum Spinell wird ein elektronisches Modell vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on Oxide Catalysts. XVII. On the Relations between Electric and Catalytic Properties of Doped Zinc Oxide CatalystsThe electric conductivity and thermo EMF of zinc oxide catalysts doped with Li2O, Ga2O3 and Fe2O3, and, on the other hand, their activity of dehydrogenation in the catalytic decomposition of isopropanol have been studied. The electric measurements were carried out preferably in an atmosphere of isopropanol.In washed single-phase catalysts doped with Li2O (n-type semiconductors) the relation between the catalytic activity of dehydrogenation and the FERMI level position postulated by VOL'KENŠTEJN was verified quantitatively. The absorption of the isopropanol is considered to be the rate-determining acceptor step.In unwashed zinc oxide catalysts doped with Li2O, however, the inversion from n- to p-type (between 0.3 and 0.5 mole-% Li2O) causes a change in the character of the rate-determining step from an acceptor to a donor step.For the two-phase and three-phase solid systems of ZnO—Ga2O3 and ZnO—Fe2O3, respectively, it was not possible to find quantitative relations according to the electron theory of catalysis.
    Notes: An Li2O-, Ga2O3- und Fe2O3-dotierten Zinkoxidkatalysatoren wurden einerseits Messungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit und Thermo-EMK und andererseits Messungen der Dehydrieraktivität beim katalytischen Isopropanol-Zerfall durchgeführt. Die elektrischen Messungen wurden vorzugsweise in Isopropanol-Atmosphäre ausgeführt.Für einphasige ausgewaschene Li2O-dotierte Katalysatoren (n-Typ-Halbleiter) ist die von VOL'KENŠTEJN angegebene Beziehung zwischen der katalytischen Dehydrieraktivität und der Lage des FERMI-Niveaus quantitative verifizierbar. Geschwindigkeitsbestimmender Akzeptorschritt: Adsorption des Isopropanols.Bei unausgewaschenen Li2O-dotierten Zinkoxidkatalysatoren bedingt die Leitungstyp-Inversion von n nach p (zwischen 0,3 und 0,5 Mol-% Li2O) eine Veränderung des Charakters des geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Reaktionsschrittes von einem Akzeptor- in einen Donatorschritt.Für die zwei- bzw. dreiphasigen Festkörpersysteme ZnO—Ga2O3 und ZnO—Fe2O3 konnten der Elektronentheorie der Katalyse entsprechende quantitative Beziehungen nicht aufgefunden werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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