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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Parkinson’s disease ; Neural transplantation ; Allogeneic ; Major histocompatibility complex antigens ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neural transplantation, as a therapeutic approach to Parkinson’s disease, still requires allogeneic graft material and raises questions of immunosuppression and graft rejection. The present study investigated the time course of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and astrocytic response in allogeneic dopaminergic grafts, comparing two different grafting protocols. Adult 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned Lewis 1.W rats received intrastriatal cell suspension grafts from the ventral mesencephalon of DA rat fetuses, either as single 1-μl macrograft via metal cannula or as four micrografts of 250 nl/deposit via a glass capillary. No immunosuppression was administered. Immunohistochemistry was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after grafting, using antibodies against donor- and host-specific MHC class I and II antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Most animals showed good allograft survival up to 12 weeks after transplantation with no signs of rejection. Reinnervation of the lesioned striatum by TH-positive neurites was observed from 3–6 weeks on. Expression of donor-specific MHC class I was comparably low in both allogeneic grafting groups, while host MHC class I and II reaction as well as astrocytic response tended to be higher in the macrografted animals. Donor MHC class II was not observed at any time point. It is concluded that intraparenchymal allografts of fetal mesencephalic cell suspensions can survive well in the rat Parkinson model without immunosuppression for at least 12 weeks, and that the expression of moderate amounts of donor-specific MHC class I antigen does not suffice to initiate a rejection process. In addition, the microtransplantation approach may reduce the level of trauma and subsequent MHC and GFAP expression and may, thereby, minimize the risk of graft rejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 61 (1982), S. 291-302 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Spinal arachnoid cysts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight cases of intraspinal arachnoid cysts are described. The clinical, radiological, intraoperative and histological findings are presented and compared with similar reports in the literature. Opinions in the literature concerning the origin of arachnoid cysts are discussed, and compared with our own case reports. A traumatic or inflammatory origin of the arachnoid cysts is denied if accompanying histological changes are lacking. In such cases the arachnoid cysts are to be viewed as congenital malformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 1083-1087 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Prosthetic lumbar nucleus; artificial disc; biomechanical investigation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  The aim of this study is to determine the significance of an artificial nucleus implant for lumbar discs (PDN device) with special regard to the biomechanical properties of the spinal motion segment.  From 11 human cadavers the lumbar segment L2/L3 was harvested, the lamina and the muscles were removed with care to preserve the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. The segments were fixed on a special testing device mounted in universal testing machine (Zwick, Ulm-Germany). Physiological load with maximum of 7 Nm was applied in flexion/extension, right and left sidebending and right and left torsion. The movement of the measuring point (center of L2) was registered along three axes (sagittal, frontal and vertical axis). Three cycles of measurement were performed in all specimens: a) the intact segment, b) segment after nucleotomy, c) segment with 2 PDN devices.  There was a statisticaly significant (p〈0.05) increase in segmental mobility in all directions after nucleotomy with an increased mobility of the segment between 38 and 100 percent.  After introduction of two PDN implants there was a restoration of segmental mobility for all movement-directions with no statistically significant difference compared with the intact situation before nucleotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 110 (1991), S. 140-145 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cavernous haemangioma ; intraventricular tumour ; CT ; MRI ; management ; results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since the availability of CT diagnostis 23 cases of intraventricular cavernous angioma (IVCA) have been published in the literature. Three additional cases have been operated upon in our Department. Based on these 26 cases the clinical data, radiological findings, treatment and outcome of IVCAs are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 5 (1982), S. 83-85 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 351 (1980), S. 199-214 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Traumatic extradural ; subdural and intracerebral haematomas ; Computer-tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Bericht über 9000 cranio-cerebrale Traumen mit 1271 traumatischen intrakraniellen Hämatomen [Chirurgie Gießen (n = 291) 1942–1974 und Neurochirurgie Gießen (n = 980) 1953–1974] wird zur Verteilung, Diagnose, Therapie und Prognose der Hämatome Stellung genommen. Unter 26 % Hämatomen lagen 6,4 %. extradural, 17,2 % subdural und 2,4 % intracerebral. Die Mortalität ist von 84 % in den 40er Jahren auf ca. 40% im letzten Jahrzehnt zurückgegangen, am geringsten mit 64 % bei den intracerebralen Hämatomen. Die einzelnen Blutungsformen werden hinsichtlich Lokalisation, Klinik und Behandlung besprochen. Die Computer-Tomographie hat die Diagnose perfektioniert und gewährleistet Indikation, zeitgerechte Operation und Verlaufskontrolle. Ihr Fehlen in den meisten chirurgi-schen und traumatologischen Abteilungen, damit der weiterhin notwendige Einsatz der Angiographie und die mangelnde Ausbildung in der Neurotraumatologie sind die wesentlichen Gründe für die immer noch ungünstige Prognose.
    Notes: Summary Based on 9,000 craniocerebral traumas with 1,271 intracranial haematomas [Gießen General Surgery (n = 291) 1942–1974, Gießen Neurosurgery (n = 980) 1953–1974] distribution, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of traumatic haematoma has been discussed. Among 26 % of the haematomas, 6.4% were extradural, 17.2% were subdural, and 2.4% were intracerebral. Mortality has decreased from 84 % in the 1940's to 40 % in the last decades; the least decrease (64 %) being among the intracerebral haematomas. Distribution, site and size, symptomatology, and special diagnostic procedures were reported for the different types and forms of haematomas. Computertomography has proved to be the most decisive progress for the diagnosis, indication, timely and appropriate surgery, and follow up. The most important reasons for the still unfavourable results are lack of sufficient experience, among general surgeons and traumatologists, the lack of computer-tomographs, and the need for separate clinical and angiographic diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 8 (1990), S. 41-45 
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: MCNU ; ACNU ; BCNU ; brain tumors ; chemosensitivity test ; colony forming assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An in vitro chemosensitivity test was carried out in 50 specimen of human malignant intracranial tumors. Aim of the study was to evaluate the proportion of sensitivity against MCNU (Ranomustine) in comparison to ACNU and BCNU. 47 tests were evaluable. Mean viability of the specimen was 83.3 ± 18.7%, mean plating efficiency was 0.068 ± 0.051%. 9/47 settings revealed sensitivity against MCNU in vitro (ACNU: 10/47; BCNU: 16/46). There was no advantage of MCNU concerning age or sex of the patients. Brain metastases seemed to be slightly more frequent sensitive against MCNU than primary brain tumors. Cross resistance between ACNU, BCNU and MCNU was rather high. The results of this in vitro series do not encourage a clinical trial of MCNU as an alternative to the commonly used nitrosoureas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: MTT assay ; test variables ; brain tumors ; chemosensitivity test ; cell culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to optimize the experimental conditions of the MTT assay for primary cultures of human brain tumors. This assay is based on the mitochondrial reduction of MTT-(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) salt to formazan crystals by living cells. Formazan can be quantified spectrophotometrically. This assay measures the antimetabolic and, by using an adequate recovery period for the cells, also the antiproliferative effects of cytotoxic drugs. Our results suggest the following experimental design for its application as an chemosensitivity assay for human brain tumors: 1-h drug exposure followed by a seven days recovery period without drugs. Then tumor cells are incubated 4 hours with 1 mg MTT/ml and final absorbance readings are performed at 550 nm and 630 nm as test and reference wavelengths respectively. In this way, the assay seems to be a reliable and simple method for rapid chemosensitivity testing in human brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: brain tumor ; MTT assay ; CFA ; in vitro chemosensitivity ; cell culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study we assessed the influence of patient- and drug-specific parameters in the short-term MTT-chemosensitivity assay in 150 primary cell cultures derived from human brain tumors. In 45 patients the MTT assay was directly compared with the CFA (Colony Forming Assay). Resistance was 10–20% higher in the MTT assay than in the CFA, but there was a good agreement in both assays, that more malignant gliomas had a higher in vitro chemosensitivity against ACNU and BCNU. Overall the results demonstrate, that there is no uniform correlation between the in vitro chemosensitivity and the histopathological classification of the tumors, which corresponds well to the clinical situation. On the basis of this study we suggest prospective clinical trials with the MTT assay in human brain tumors. Parts of this paper have been presented at the 63th annual meeting of the ‘Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie’, September 13–15, 1990, in Darmstadt, Germany
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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