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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 210 (1975), S. 351-352 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Up to now little is known about anatomy and histology and especially about the germinative zones of the growing nasal septum. We totally removed 18 septa of children between 0–10 years immediatly after death. After photographical documentation these septa were studied histologically and microradiographically. It was found that at birth the connection between the cartilaginous septum and vomer only consists of a small and very loose layer of connective tissue. During the first year of life several ossification areas appear between vomer and cartilage in the dorsal part of the septum. An enchondral ossification zone at the rostrum sphenoidale was regularly seen in the neonatal septum, but vanishes soon after birth. The development of the perpendicular plate starts from multiple ossification centers regularly to be found in the dorsocranial part of the neonatal septum. The perpendicular plate is the fastest growing part of the septum and shows still at the 10. year of life an enchondral ossification around its border. The shape and the size of the septum changes most during the first 6 years; after that time septal growth slows markedly down. As the enchondral ossification zone resembles an epiphysis cartilage it is assumed, that lesions of this area may lead to growth disturbances of the inner and outer nose. Therefore, it is emphasized, that regarding rhinoplasty in children this ossification zone should be preserved by the surgeon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 235 (1982), S. 705-707 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The generally criticized disadvantages of customary speech aids for laryngectomees are manual operation, monotony and readability. A prototype of a handsfree, variable-pitch and controlled-volume speech aid is described. The expiratory tracheal air-flow is sensed by a thermistor fixed in front of the tracheostoma. The airflow-depending variable voltage of a bridge circuit connected with the thermistor controls frequency and amplitude of the output signal of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The speech aid consists of three units: The stomal sensor, the electronic control unit and a separate vibrator unit, the latter being fixed to the suprahyoidal area by an elastic neck clamp. First experiments have shown, that within a few training hours the laryngectomized patient learns to speak with this automatic speach aid fluently and with a noticeable melodic and dynamic accent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 216 (1977), S. 625-626 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficiency of the voice is said by Winckel (1953) to be especially determined by the energy of the spectral area around 3000 cps. Therefore, Winckel has repeatedly recommended selective measurement of the 3000 cps-component of the voice spectrum for the objective evaluation of vocal efficiency. As this proposal has not yet been supported by comparative studies, we asked 41 normal subjects and 24 professional singers to phonate several tones (vowel “a”) at different frequencies (c [131 cps]; g [196 cps]; c1 [262 cps] in males and c1 [262 cps]; g1 [392 cps]; c2 [523 cps] in females) and intensities (65, 75, 85 and 95 dB SPL). In all voice samples we compared the formant energy in the spectral area of 2500–3000 cps with the amplitude of a lower frequency area (800–1300 cps), which about corresponds to the area of the second formant, by means of filter analysis. Results show that in all persons tested for this study the relative amplitude of the 3000 cps-component grows with increasing vocal intensity, but diminishes with increasing vocal pitch. At intensity levels of 75 dB and 85 dB SPL singers showed at all three pitch levels (except the tone c2 [523 cps] at 75 dB SPL in females) significant smaller differences between the amplitudes of both the selected formant areas, i.e. relatively stronger partials around 3000 cps, than normal subjects. At the intensity level of 65 dB the differences between vocally trained and untrained groups were less pronounced. This finding supports Winckel's suggestion that the efficiency of a voice can be evaluated quantitatively by the measurement of the relative amplitude of the 3000 cps area, but also reveals that for reliable results such measurement has to be done at certain pitch and intensity levels and under constant test conditions only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 223 (1979), S. 319-320 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of a questionnaire the utilization of hearing aids has been investigated in 550 patients who had received their aids in a way being typical for the Federal Republic of Germany, i.e., first prescribed by the ENT-specialist and then fitted by the hearing aid acoustician. An additional goal was to analyze relevant factors influencing the use of hearing aids. 45% of the patients used their aids always, 52% regularly (on special occasions) and 3,1% never. The most common complaints of patients refusing their hearing aid were disturbing noise and unsatisfactory understanding. A relatively better utilization of hearing aids — as compared with the average use of the whole group — was found in children and in patients with severe and conductive hearing losses, with aids on both ears or with aids having a PC-circuit or “dynamic compression”. Relatively lower utilization was seen in patients older than 60 years, in workmen and in patients wearing an hearing aid on the worse ear. Further factors related to less regular use were: mild hearing loss and hightone deafness, bone conductive earphone, eyeglass hearing aid and AVC-circuit. There was no correlation between the degree of utilization and the monosyllable discrimination score.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 227 (1980), S. 467-469 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tracheo-esophageal shunt has not to be created too wide because of the danger of aspiration; but narrow shunts require high intrathoracical pressure for phonation. In seven patients a pulmonary function test was done and then the mean air flow and the esophageal pressure during phonation were measured. In four of these patients we obtained sufficient data: one patient showed a shunt resistance of 35 cm H2O/l/s which is comparable to the phonatory resistance of a normal glottis. In the three other patients resistances were found being 10–80 times higher than the normal glottal resistance. In those two patients having the lowest and the highest shunt resistance, respectively, the change of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery during phonation was recorded by cardiac catheterisation. In the patient with low resistance the mean arterial pressure increased twofold, whereas the other one showed a sixfold increase. From these observations it is concluded that phonation with a Staffieri-shunt often does not only mean a considerable respiratory load, but also a cardiovascular stress in the sense of the Valsalva-maneuver. Therefore, chronic lung and heart diseases should be regarded as contraindications against a Staffieri-shunt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 227 (1980), S. 1-169 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Physiology of voice ; Pathophysiology of voice ; Diagnosis of vocal function ; Pneumography ; Aerodynamic measurements of glottal function ; Glottography ; Stroboscopy ; High speed cinematography ; Laryngeal photography ; Photokymography ; Laryngeal electromyography ; Electroacoustic analysis of the voice ; Stimmphysiologie ; Pathophysiologie der Stimme ; Stimmfunktionsdiagnostik ; Pneumographie ; aerodynamische Messungen der Glottisfunktion ; Glottographie ; Stroboskopie ; Hochgeschwindigkeitskinematographie ; Larynxphotographie ; Photokymographie ; Kehlkopf-Elektromyographie ; elektroakustische Stimmanalyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Störung der Stimmfunktion äußert sich in einer Minderung stimmlicher Leistungen durch fehlerhafte respiratorische, laryngeale und/oder artikulatorische Bewegungsabläufe, deren Analyse und Dokumentation das Ziel funktionsdiagnostischer Bemühungen ist. Nach einer Übersicht über Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des Phonationsapparates wird über die zahlreichen instrumentellen Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten berichtet, mit denen man die bisher überwiegend üblichen auditiven, visuellen und palpatorischen Untersuchungsmethoden zu ergänzen und zu verbessern versucht. Bewegungsfehler der Ruhe- und Phonationsatmung verändern Atemfrequenz und Atemtiefe, Regelmäßigkeit und Form des Atemablaufes, die Relation zwischen Bauch- und Brustatmung sowie die Atemlage. Dokumentation und Beurteilung solcher Atemfehler gelingen mittels synchroner Aufzeichnung der respiratorischen Bauch- und Brustwandexkursionen (Pneumographie, relatives Bewegungsdiagramm). Funktionsstörungen des Glottisgenerators geben sich zu erkennen: 1. An einer pathologischen Verschiebung aerodynamischer Parameter (subglottischer Druck, Strömungsrate und Glottiswiderstand) mit entsprechender Herabsetzung des phonatorischen Wirkungsgrades; spirometrische, pneumotachographische und plethysmographische Meßmethoden, sowie die direkte oder indirekte Messung des subglottischen Anblasedruckes können diesbezüglich diagnostisch verwertbare Daten liefern. 2. An einer pathologisch veränderten Schwingungscharakteristik der Stimmlippen, die sich stroboskopisch beobachten, strobo-kinematographisch dokumentieren und mittels Hochgeschwindigkeitskinematographie oder Photokymographie exakt analysieren läßt. 3. An einer aus pathologischem Schwingungsverhalten resultierenden Änderung der Öffnungsfunktion mit entsprechend weniger effektiver Umformung aufgewendeter Luft in Schallenergie; eine genaue Analyse der Öffnungsfunktion ist nur anhand von Zeitdehneraufnahmen möglich, doch kann auch die glottographische Messung der verschiedenen Zeitabschnitte und Zeitquotienten (Öffnungs-, Geschwindigkeits-, Rate-Quotient) Kriterien für die Beurteilung der Tongeneratorfunktion der Glottis liefern. Die Elektromyographie der Kehlkopfmuskeln dient vor allem der Differentialdiagnose zwischen neurologischen und funktionellen Bewegungsstörungen; daneben scheint sie auch in speziellen Fällen den Nachweis dyskoordinativer Aktivitätsverhältnisse in der Larynxmuskulatur zu gestatten. Die elektroakustische Stimmanalyse soll erstens ein komplettes Leistungsprofil der Stimme quantitativ dokumentieren, zweitens aber auch indirekt über Glottisfunktion und Leistung des phonatorischen Steuerund Regelmechanismus informieren: die Grundtonanalyse (eventuell kombiniert mit Lautstärkemessung) erfaßt die allgemeinen und speziellen Leistungen der Sprech- und Singstimme ebenso wie die stimmliche Reaktion im Lärm, die Stimmgenauigkeit und die Stimmstabilität. Die Darstellung des Stimmeinsatzcharakters — grundtonanalytisch, aerodynamisch oder glottographisch — gibt qualitative Hinweise auf das neuromuskulär kontrollierte präphonatorische Einstellverhalten des Stimmapparates. Pathologische Klangeigenschaften der Stimme (Heiserkeit, Nasalität und andere Veränderungen des Stimmklanges) werden spektralanalytisch (Filteranalyse, Sonagraphie, Fast-Fourier-Transformation) dokumentiert und quantifiziert; speziell für eine quantitative Heiserkeitsbewertung scheint sich die Periodizitätsanalyse zu eignen. Die Tragfähigkeit einer Stimme drückt sich in der relativen Amplitude der Teiltöne im 3-kHz-Bereich des Vokalspektrums aus. Da die Klangfarbe einer Stimme vom Einstellverhalten des Vokaltraktes bestimmt wird, lassen spektralanalytische Registrierungen Rückschlüsse auch auf die phonatorische Funktion des Ansatzrohres zu. Ergänzende Hinweise auf pathologische (oder pathogene) Artikulationsfehler können mit mechanischen, fotografischen, röntgenologischen oder aerodynamischen Beobachtungsverfahren gewonnen werden. Angesichts der Komplexität des Phonationsvorganges scheint eine Beurteilung der Stimmfunktion nur anhand von Stimmfunktionsmustern, d. h. nur unter Berücksichtigung mehrere Funktionsparameter möglich.
    Notes: Summary Dysfunction of the voice is expressed by a deterioriation of vocal performance due to incorrect respiratory, laryngeal, and/or articulatory movement patterns. Analysis and documentation of such dysfunctional phonatory behavior are goals of functional diagnostics. After reviewing physiology and pathophysiology of the phonatory apparatus, the numerous technical methods of voice examination are discussed, by which it is tried to complement and improve the auditory, visual, and palpatory examination methods having been mainly used up to the present. Incorrect breathing movements during rest and during phonation change breathing frequency and depth; regularity and shape of the breathing cycle; the relation between the respiratory movements of the abdominal and the chest wall; and the respiratory level. Such faulty breathing patterns are documented and evaluated by recording the respiratory motion of the abdominal and the chest wall synchronously (pneumography, relative motion diagram). Dysfunction of the glottal generator can be recognized: (1) by a pathological alteration of aerodynamic parameters (subglottal pressure, mean flow rate, glottal resistance) with a corresponding deterioriation of the phonatory efficiency; spirometric, pneumotachographic and plethysmographic measuring methods as well as direct or indirect measurement of the subglottal pressure are able to yield diagnostically usuable data in this connection; (2) by a pathologically altered vibration mode of the vocal folds which can be observed stroboscopically, documented by means of strobo-cinematography, and exactly analyzed by high speed cinematography or photokymography; (3) by a change of the area function resulting from the pathological vibration pattern with a correspondingly less effective conversion of air volume into sound energy. An exact analysis of the area function is only possible by high speed cinematography, but also glottographic measurements of the various time sections and time quotients (opening, speed, rate quotient) may yield criteria for the evaluation of the sound generating function of the glottis. The electromyography of the laryngeal muscles is useful mainly for the differential diagnosis between neurological and functional motion disturbances; additionally, in certain cases it obviously permits the proof of discoordinated activity in laryngeal muscles. The electro-acoustic analysis of the voice is supposed to document quantitatively a complete profile of vocal performance as well as to give indirect information about the function of the glottis and the operational efficiency of the phonatory control system: by means of fundamental frequency analysis (eventually combined with recording of the sound pressure level) the general and special performances of the speaking and singing voice can be recorded as well as the vocal reaction to ambient noise, the accuracy and the stability of voice. The mode of vocal attack being determined by fundamental frequency analysis, by aerodynamic or by glottographic measuring methods gives qualitative information about the neuromuscularly controlled prephonatory tuning of the phonatory apparatus. Pathological qualities of the vocal sound (hoarseness, nasality, and other changes of vocal sound) are documented and quantified by means of spectrum analysis (filter analysis, sonagraphy, fast-Fourier-transformation). Especially for a quantitative evaluation of hoarseness the analysis of periodicity (pitch perturbations) appears to be feasible. The efficiency of a voice is expressed by the relative amplitude of the partials within the 3 kHz-area of the vocal spectrum. As the timbre of voice depends upon the adjusting behavior of the vocal tract spectrum analysis also reveals something about the phonatory function of the vocal tract. Additional informations about a pathological (or pathogenic) discoordination of articulatory movements are drawn from mechanical, roentgenological, photographical, and aerodynamic observation methods. With regard to the complexity of the phonatory process, an evaluation of vocal function appears to be only possible by holistic consideration of several function parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 231 (1981), S. 681-684 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Questioning, whether in epileptics there might be found a conspicious accumulation of hearing impairment and whether there could be noted distincted forms of hearing disorders, 97 epileptics were tested partly by subjective, partly by objective audiometry (ERA). In 43.3% of the patients a sensorineural hearing loss and in 9.3% a conductive hearing impairment on one or on both sides was found. The incidence of sensorineural hearing disorders increased markedly with the age and — less pronounced — also with the duration of epilepsy. We did not find unequivocal relations between etiology and type of the epilepsy and the frequency and form of hearing impairment. The results plead for hearing disorders to be more frequent in epileptics than in the normal population, but a characteristic type of hearing impairment — as described in literature — cannot be defined. In epileptics, apparently different etiologic factors are involved in impairing the hearing ability in different ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 44 (1996), S. 640-643 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gehörgangstumoren ; Fehlbildungen des Ohres ; Foramen Huschke ; Key words Tumors of the external ear canal ; Dysplasia of the ear ; Foramen of Huschke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report our findings in two female patients (aged 56 and 64 years) who complained about slight hearing loss that varied during jaw movements. In both cases a polypoid tumor of the external auditory meatus was found that almost completely disappeared with mouth opening. CT showed a bony defect of the anterior wall of the external auditory canal in both patients. Biopsies from the tumor-like lesions were done, revealing a chronic inflammatory hyperplasia of the connective tissue in one case and a rheumatic granuloma in the other. Review of medical histories showed that the first patient suffered from a recurrent neurodermatitis and the second had experienced a chronic polyarthritis for many years. From these findings and on the basis of a literature review, we conclude that these pseudotumors represent a chronic inflammatory hyperplasia of the periarticular tissue which herniated through a persistent “foramen of Huschke.” This foramen is formed during embryological development of the two tympanic tubercles, but normally closes before the age of 5 years. However, in a few rare cases is may persist to allow herniation of synovial tissue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Berichtet wird über 2 Patientinnen (Alter: 56 Jahre bzw. 64 Jahre), die über in Abhängigkeit von der Mundöffnung wechselnde Ohrenbeschwerden klagten. In beiden Fällen fand sich eine tumorartige weiche Vorwölbung der vorderen Gehörgangswand, die ihre Größe bei Bewegung veränderte. Computertomographisch zeigte sich ein glatt begrenzter Knochendefekt der vorderen Gehörgangswand. Die histologische Aufarbeitung der in beiden Fällen entnommenen Gewebeproben ergab eine chronisch unspezifische Entzündung in einem Fall, einen Rheumaknoten im anderen. Die erste Patientin litt unter rezidivierender Neurodermatitis, die Letztgenannte an primär chronischer Polyarthritis. Angesichts dieser Befunde und gestützt auf entsprechende Literaturrecherchen ließ sich die Pathogenese dieser Pseudotumoren als eine entzündlich reaktive Gewebehyperplasie des synovialen Bindegewebes deuten, das sich im Rahmen einer chronisch-entzündlichen Kiefergelenkkrankheit durch das sog. „Foramen Huschke“ tumorartig in den Gehörgang hineinstülpt. Bei dem „Foramen Huschke“ handelt es sich um ein seltenes Residuum der knöchernen Gehörgangsentwicklung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 45 (1997), S. 22-29 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Innenohrschwerhörigkeit ; Hörsturz ; Prognose ; Behandlung ; Behandlungsergebnisse ; Key words Inner ear deafness ; Sudden hearing loss ; Prognosis ; Treatment ; Results of treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The present study was devised to determine whether the pattern of hearing loss has any meaning for prognosis in patients with sudden hearing loss. The audiograms and clinical records of 145 patients with sudden deafness between 1991 and 1993 were reviewed. Forty-eight of the patients were females and 97 were males. All patients had been hospitalized and treated with intravenous infusions of naftidrofuryl. The best recovery rate was seen in patients with low-tone hearing losses (68.8% complete and 25% partial recoveries), whereas in patients with high-tone and flat losses the recovery rates were 41.9% and 45.5% respectively for complete recovery and 52.4% and 36.3% for incomplete recovery. The entire group showed an overall recovery rate of 52.4% for complete recovery and 30.3% for incomplete recovery. Immediate treatment resulted in a positive effect on prognosis. Patients under 30 years of age had a somewhat better recovery rate than did older patients. Pre-existing risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, etc.) or accompanying symptoms of vestibular disturbances did not influence prognosis, whereas patients with pre-existing inner ear deafness or with a recurrence of sudden deafness showed relatively lower recovery rates. The possible reasons responsible for exceptionally good prognosis of low-tone hearing losses are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unter der Fragestellung, ob sich beim Hörsturz ein Zusammenhang zwischen Hörverlustform und Prognose erkennen läßt, wurden Audiogramme und Krankenakten von 145 Hörsturzpatienten (Zeitraum 1991–1993; 48 Frauen; 97 Männer) gesichtet, die alle eine stationäre, rheologische Infusionstherapie (Naftidrofuryl) bekommen hatten. Das signifikant beste Remissionsverhalten zeigten Tieftonhörstürze mit 68,8% Voll- und 25% Teilremissionen gegenüber Hochtonhörstürzen (41,9% Voll- und 25,8% Teilremissionen) und pantonale Hörverluste (45,5% Voll- und 36,3% Teilremissionen). Insgesamt wurden Vollremissionen in 52,4% und Teilremissionen in 30,3% der Fälle beobachtet. Ein früher Behandlungsbeginn wirkte sich positiv auf die Prognose aus; Patienten unter 30 Jahren hatten eine etwas günstigere Erholungsrate als ältere Patienten; evtl. vorhandene Risikofaktoren (Diabetes mellitus, Hypertonus etc.) oder mit dem Hörsturz einhergehende Vestibularissymptome beeinflußten die Prognose nicht erkennbar. Eine vorbestehende Innenohrschwerhörigkeit oder ein gleichseitig vorausgegangener Hörsturz verschlechterten die Prognose. Mögliche Gründe für die herausragend bessere Prognose von Tieftonhörstürzen werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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