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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Color Formation in Sugar Solutions under Simulated Cane Sugar Mill Conditions (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 47 (1955), S. 1416-1417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50547a045
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of one-sun monocrystalline rear-contacted silicon solar cells with efficiencies of 22.1% (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4335-4343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 21.4% efficient rear-contacted cells (RCC) with interdigitated contact grids processed at the Fraunhofer ISE on 1.25 Ω cm float-zone (FZ) silicon are analyzed in detail. The comprehensive description does not only include a two-dimensional numerical device simulation, but also a detailed analysis of the optical carrier generation using optical ray tracing and determination of the losses due to distributed metal resistance and perimeter currents employing circuit simulation. Bulk and surface recombination losses are separated, combining carrier lifetime and open-circuit voltage measurements with numerical device simulation. The interface surface recombination velocity of the thermally oxidized emitter covering the front surface is deduced to be 1500 cm/s and the bulk diffusion length within the 1.25 Ω cm FZ silicon base is 1200 μm. Despite this excellent bulk diffusion length, the simulations reveal that at a maximum power point 80% of the total recombination is due to Shockley–Read–Hall recombination in the base. It was determined that losses due to the distributed metal resistance within the contact grid (including nongeneration losses) caused an fill factor decrease of 1% absolute. Loss currents flowing out of the cell perimeter caused an additional fill factor loss of 1.5% absolute. It was predicted that changing the surface concentration of the front and rear emitter diffusion from 5×1018 to 1×1018 cm−3, while keeping the sheet resistance constant, effected a relative improvement of 3% in the efficiency of the RCC structure. In fact, this modification has lead to an increase in the realized cell efficiency from 21.4% to 22.1% (VOC=697.6 mV, JSC=39.8 mA/cm2, and FF=79.4%), i.e., a relative improvement of 3.3%. This cell has an efficiency of 18.6% (VOC=696.5 mV, JSC=33.9 mA/cm2, and FF=78.8%) if illuminated from the rear side. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1446657
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coalescence of magnetic islands including anomalous resistivity (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 3533-3543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the coalescence instability in a low-beta plasma are presented in which anomalous resistivity is permitted to occur. The instability is considered in a uniform current sheet configuration, initially perturbed by an infinite chain of spots of anomalous resistivity. The two phases of the instability known from simulations based on the Fadeev equilibrium—ideal and resistive—can clearly be distinguished also in this configuration. It is found that the conversion of magnetic energy into kinetic energy dominates Ohmic heating. The main energy release occurs within a few Alfvén transit times. The scaling of several key parameters in the current layer formed between the coalescing islands is compared to the scalings obtained with uniform resistivity. The numerical results indicate that the peak reconnection rate decreases toward large Lundquist numbers (S(very-much-greater-than)104) as S−α with α=〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉15–〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉13 and that a transition to slow reconnection (α∼〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12) may occur at S(approximately-greater-than)107, where S is based on the background resistivity. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872250
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic current sheets with localized anomalous resistivity (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 4703-4711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic simulations of current sheet dynamics under the influence of localized anomalous resistivity are presented. The system is initially perturbed by several spots of anomalous resistivity distributed in the sheet. Following a phase of induced tearing resulting from the initial perturbation, magnetic island coalescence occurs until one island persists. Finally the evolution becomes eruptive, dominated by the acceleration and ejection of a plasmoid, as a consequence of the amplification of a small initial asymmetry after a few 102 Alfvén times. These processes are accompanied by strong enhancements of the current density. It exceeds the threshold of kinetic instability repeatedly and leads to recurrence of anomalous resistivity, which drives the evolution. Jets are formed, driven by field line reconnection and locally enhanced dissipation at dominant X-points. The conversion of magnetic energy into kinetic energy is most efficient during the acceleration phase of the plasmoid. The evolution becomes more impulsive and leads to stronger current density enhancements for higher Lundquist numbers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872037
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Action of Alkali on D-Fructose1 (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 77 (1955), S. 3318-3323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01617a049
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the Forms of Allose and Its Phenylosazone (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 5816-5817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01651a080
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitromethane-Isopropyl Alcohol-Water System (1942)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 34 (1942), S. 701-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50390a012
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COHERENT ACCEPTABILITY MEASURES IN MULTIPERIOD MODELS (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Mathematical finance 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The framework of coherent risk measures has been introduced by Artzner et al. (1999; Math. Finance 9, 203–228) in a single-period setting. Here, we investigate a similar framework in a multiperiod context. We add an axiom of dynamic consistency to the standard coherence axioms, and obtain a representation theorem in terms of collections of multiperiod probability measures that satisfy a certain product property. This theorem is similar to results obtained by Epstein and Schneider (2003; J. Econ. Theor. 113, 1–31) and Wang (2003; J. Econ. Theor. 108, 286–321) in a different axiomatic framework. We then apply our representation result to the pricing of derivatives in incomplete markets, extending results by Carr, Geman, and Madan (2001; J. Financial Econ. 32, 131–167) to the multiperiod case. We present recursive formulas for the computation of price bounds and corresponding optimal hedges. When no shortselling constraints are present, we obtain a recursive formula for price bounds in terms of martingale measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.2005.00252.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrocyclic Diterpene Hydroxy Ethers from Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 29 (1964), S. 16-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01024a003
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical ATPases and transcriptional activation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transcriptional activator proteins that act upon the σ54-containing form of the bacterial RNA polymerase belong to the extensive AAA+ superfamily of ATPases, members of which are found in all three kingdoms of life and function in diverse cellular processes, often via chaperone-like activities. Formation and collapse of the transition state of ATP for hydrolysis appears to engender the interaction of the activator proteins with σ54 and leads to the protein structural transitions needed for RNA polymerase to isomerize and engage with the DNA template strand. The common oligomeric structures of AAA+ proteins and the crea-tion of the active site for ATP hydrolysis between protomers suggest that the critical changes in protomer structure required for productive interactions with σ54-holoenzyme occur as a consequence of sensing the state of the γ-phosphate of ATP. Depending upon the form of nucleotide bound, different functional states of the activator are created that have distinct substrate and chaperone-like binding activ-ities. In particular, interprotomer ATP interactions rely upon the use of an arginine finger, a situation reminiscent of GTPase-activating proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03065.x
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