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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and characterization of a versatile Faraday cup (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 460-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and characterization of a Faraday cup utilizing modular components are presented. Design specifications were primarily tailored to satisfy the specific electron beam (e-beam) energy (∼375 keV), rise time (∼60 ns), and magnitude (30 A/cm2, peak) used in this work and permit convenient sampling of large e-beam areas up to 7 cm×7 cm. Characterization during evacuated conditions included Z-dependence measurements using beryllium, carbon, aluminum, and lead collector plates. Electron beam transmission measurements were made utilizing combinations of various metal screens and Kapton foils in both gas and evacuated conditions. Gas environments tested were air, krypton, and a Kr/Ar mixture. An attacher gas, SF6, was also added inside the Faraday cup. Results reveal decreasing current densities with increasing gas stopping power and increasing electron propagation distance in a gas. Employing a carbon collector plate and a 25-μm Kapton foil insulator, current densities measured through a 3.6-cm thick 760 Torr air slab are reduced ≤6% from the evacuated Kapton-free condition. Applying profile and full-aperture Faraday cup measurements, a consistent description of the e-beam is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144216
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xenon excited state density measurements in electron beam pumped XeCl laser mixtures (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 1986-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-dependent density measurements of the lowest xenon excited states (5p56s) in electron beam (e-beam) pumped XeCl laser mixtures (nonlasing) are performed using pulsed hook interferometry. The e-beam pulse length is ≈0.45 μs (full width at half-maximum) with an average excitation rate of ≈250 kW/cm3. Density differences (ΔN*) of transitions at 823.2 nm (6s[3/2]02 –6p[3/2]2), 828.0 nm (6s[3/2]01 –6p[1/2]0), and 840.9 nm (6s[3/2]02 –6p[3/2]1) are obtained for various HCl and Xe concentrations. For a 98.3% Ne/1.5% Xe/0.16% HCl mixture at 3000 Torr, ΔN* (823.2 nm) and ΔN*(828.0 nm) are relatively constant at ≈3×1014 and ≈1.7×1014 cm−3, respectively. At lower initial HCl concentrations, the ΔN*(823.2 nm) density starts out similar to the 0.16% HCl case, but tends to increase dramatically during the e-beam pulse. For a 0.04% HCl mixture, a ΔN*(840.9 nm) density of ≈4.5×1015 cm−3 is measured at the end of the e-beam pulse. Preliminary comparisons of the data with a computer model show good agreement for HCl concentrations ≥0.16%, but disagreements at leaner concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98319
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Narrowband, single line, 1 μs XeF laser (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 1063-1065 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A narrowband (5 GHz) electron beam pumped XeF oscillator/amplifier, lasing at 353.2 nm over a 1-μs pulse duration, has been demonstrated. Line selection, bandwidth narrowing, and near-diffraction-limited output are achieved by using an echelle grating and an intracavity solid étalon in a stable oscillator configuration. The amplifier features an off-axis design and yields output energies (approximately-greater-than)0.8 J. The oscillator and amplifier are located in the same gas chamber and are transversely pumped by the same electron beam. A Fabry–Perot interferometer together with a streak camera is used to verify narrowband operation over the entire pulse duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98792
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xenon excited-state densities in electron-beam pumped XeCl and XeF (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 507-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Understanding of the neutral channel formation kinetics in excimer laser gas mixtures has been limited by the lack of data on the pertinent excited-state populations in these mixtures. Presented are time-dependent measurements of the lower level xenon excited-state densities in electron-beam (e-beam) pumped XeCl and XeF laser mixtures (neon diluent). Measurements are obtained using hook interferometry under nonlasing conditions at an average excitation rate of ≈250 kW/cm3 and e-beam pulse lengths of 0.4 and 1 μs. The population differences, ΔN*, between four different electronic transitions [three in the Xe*(6s)-Xe**(6p) manifold, and one in the Xe**(6s')-Xe***(6p') manifold] are examined as a function of halogen concentration. For both XeCl and XeF at high initial halogen concentrations (〉4 Torr), the ΔN* densities of the Xe*(6s) and Xe**(6s') transitions are relatively constant during the 0.4-μs e-beam pulse [for ΔN*(6s-6p): ≈4×1014 cm−3 for XeCl, and ≈1.5×1014 cm−3 for XeF]. At lower initial halogen concentrations, the ΔN* densities of 6s-6p and 6s'-6p' start at the beginning of the pulse at approximately the same densities as the richer halogen mixtures, but at a certain point during the pulse, the ΔN* densities abruptly increase. This increase can be 〉10 times for very lean halogen mixtures (1–2 Torr), and occurs at earlier times as the initial halogen concentration is reduced. From other measurements, this increase appears related to the depletion of the halogen. The observed lifetime of the Xe*(6s) densities is ≈2 μs for the low initital halogen concentration mixtures. Additional density data for halogen-free Ne/Xe and Ar/Xe mixtures are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341989
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of a laser triggered spark gap using air, Ar, CH4, H2, He, N2, SF6, and Xe (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 1882-1888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A KrF discharge laser (248 nm) has been used to laser trigger, by volume preionization, a spark gap switch (38–65 kV, 〉10 kA, 100 ns pulse duration) filled with 20 different gas mixtures using various combinations of air, Ar, CH4, H2, He, N2 SF6, and Xe. A pulsed laser interferometer is used to probe the spark column. Characteristics studied include the internal structure of the column, the arc expansion rate, and evidence of any photoionization precursor effect. Our results show that the rate of arc expansion varies depending on the average molecular weight of the mixtures. In this experiment, pure H2 has the highest rate (≈9.5×105 cm/s) and air has one of the lowest (≈7×105 cm/s) for the same hold-off voltage. A computer model of the spark column formation is able to predict most of the structure observed in the arcs, including the effect of mixing gases with widely different molecular weights. The work suggests that, under proper circumstances, the spark gap switch performance may be improved by using gases lighter than conventional switch gases such as SF6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339886
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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