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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin resistance as cause of increased blood pressure in the elderly: effects on intracellular ion contents
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 11 (1990), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4943
    Keywords: Blood pressure ; Cell cation content ; Elderly ; Insulin resistance
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4943(90)90053-9
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exaggerated orthostatic hypotension as first sign of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in the elderly
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 9 (1989), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4943
    Keywords: Autonomic neuropathy ; Cardiovascular functions ; Diabetes mellitus ; Elderly
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4943(89)90031-9
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin induces opposite changes in plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations in normal man (1986)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 29 (1986), S. 644-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose clamp ; insulin ; magnesium ; oral glucose tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 10 healthy volunteers during an oral glucose tolerance test and during an euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp. At min 180 and 210 of the oral glucose tolerance test, a significant decline in plasma magnesium levels (p 〈 0.01 andp 〈 0.05 respectively) and a significant increase in erythrocyte magnesium levels (p 〈 0.01 andp 〈 0.05 respectively) were observed. Similar changes were seen during the second hour of the glucose clamp, during which euglycaemia (4.1 ± 0.4 mmol/1) was maintained despite hyperinsulinaemia (110–130 mU/1). During in vitro incubations, glucose (5 mmol/1) did not modify erythrocyte magnesium levels. In contrast, erythrocyte magnesium levels were significantly increased (p 〈 0.01) by insulin (100 mU/1), an effect entirely abolished by ouabain (5 .10−4 mol/1). These results suggest that insulin induces a shift of magnesium from the plasma to the erythrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. These data may help to interprete the abnormalities in magnesium circulating levels frequently reported in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00869264
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired insulin-induced erythrocyte magnesium accumulation is correlated to impaired insulin-mediated glucose disposal in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 910-915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Erythrocyte ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; insulin ; insulin-resistance ; magnesium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in 12 healthy subjects and 12 moderately obese patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Basal plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects. In vitro incubation in the presence of 100 mU/l insulin significantly increased magnesium erythrocyte levels in both control subjects (p〈0.001) and patients with diabetes (p〈0.001). However, even in the presence of 100mU/l insulin, the erythrocyte magnesium content of patients with Type 2 diabetes was lower than that of control subjects. The in vitro dose-response curve of the effect of insulin on magnesium erythrocyte accumulation was shifted to the right when red cells of diabetic patients were used, with a highly significant reduction of the maximal effect. Such reduction of the maximal effect of insulin suggests that the impairment of insulin-induced erythrocyte magnesium accumulation observed in Type 2 diabetic patients results essentially from a post-receptor defect. In the diabetic patients, the Δ increase in erythrocyte magnesium levels (calculated as the net increase between basal and 100 mU/l insulin-induced erythrocyte magnesium levels) was negatively correlated with plasma insulin levels (r=−0.86; p〈0.001) and with body mass index (r=−0.90; p〈0.001); it was positively correlated with the glucose disappearance constant Kg after intravenous glucose injection (r=0.79; p〈0.01), with the amount of glucose required to keep euglycaemia despite hyperinsulinaemia in a glucose clamp (r=0.88; p〈0.001), and with the metabolic clearance rate of glucose during the clamp (r=0.82; p〈0.001). These results demonstrate that insulin-induced erythrocyte magnesium accumulation is impaired in patients with Type 2 diabetes and that such defect is correlated to impaired insulin-mediated glucose disposal in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265376
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of furosemide on insulin and glucagon responses to arginine in normal subjects (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Furosemide ; glucose ; insulin ; glucagon ; arginine test ; prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study aimed at evaluating the influence of furosemide upon insulin and glucagon responses to arginine in healthy subjects. For this purpose, six normal subjects received two consecutive arginine pulses (3 g), 60 min apart, before and after the administration of furosemide (40 mg, IV). The acute insulin response (mean change from 3–10 min) to the second arginine pulse was significantly inhibited by furosemide (mean increase: 14.8 ±3.0 μU/ml versus 11.7±2.5 μU/ml, p〈0.01). By contrast, the acute glucagon response was significantly increased (mean increase: 77±18 pg/ml versus 105±21 pg/ml, p〈0.01). No significant changes in plasma glucose levels occurred. In control experiments, in which saline rather than furosemide was administered, the acute insulin and glucagon response to the first arginine pulse did not differ from that observed with the second pulse. The effect of furosemide on insulin and glucagon secretion might be mediated through enhanced release of endogenous prostaglandin E.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251008
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsatile glucagon has greater hyperglycaemic, lipolytic and ketogenic effects than continuous hormone delivery in man: effect of age (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucagon ; glycerol ; β-hydroxybutyrate ; ketogenesis ; lipolysis ; non esterified fatty acids ; pulsatility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study aimed at investigating the hyperglycaemic, lipolytic and ketogenic effects of small doses of glucagon delivered continuously or in a pulsatile manner. The study was performed in eight healthy young volunteers (24.2±1.2 years) and in eight healthy aged subjects (69.4±2.0 years). In all the subjects, endogenous pancreatic hormone secretion was inhibited by somatostatin and only glucagon was replaced. Consequently, the effects of pulsatile and continuous glucagon delivery were studied in conditions of progressive somatostatin-induced insulin deficiency. In both the young and the aged subjects, pulsatile glucagon delivery resulted in increases in plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acid, glycerol and β-hydroxybutyrate levels greater than those observed when the same amount of glucagon was delivered in a continuous manner. The net increases in plasma glucose, glycerol and non-esterified fatty acid levels were similar between the young and the aged subjects when glucagon was infused continuously; in contrast, the rise in plasma β-hydroxybutyrate in the aged was only about half that observed in the young subjects. Surprisingly, when glucagon was infused in a pulsatile manner, the rises in plasma glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate levels were all significantly smaller in the aged subjects, while no significant differences were observed in the blood glucose responses. We conclude that, in the presence of somatostatin-induced insulin deficiency, pulsatile glucagon exerts greater effects on blood glucose, plasma non-esterified fatty acid, glycerol and β-hydroxybutyrate levels than its continuous delivery. In the elderly, the lipolytic and ketogenic, but not the hyperglycaemic, responses to pulsatile glucagon are significantly reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403320
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sparteine sulphate upon basal and nutrient-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in normal man (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sparteine sulphate ; insulin ; glucagon/insulin secretion ; glucose tolerance test ; food interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Infusion of a therapeutic dose of sparteine sulphate, increased the basal plasma insulin level and lowered plasma glucose. When an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed with the infusion, the total insulin AUC was significantly larger than in absence of sparteine (2025 vs 1464 µU/ml×min), plasma glucose levels were lower and improved glucose utilization was observed (kg:1.55 vs 1.39%). In the presence of arginine, sparteine sulphate stimulated both β and α cells, increasing both the total insulin (1907 vs 1516 µU/ml×minp〈0.02) and total glucagon AUCs (7616±654 vs 6789±707 pg/ml×minp〈0.01). Thus, sparteine sulphate increased both basal and nutrient-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in normal man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637673
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma glucose lowering effect of spartein sulphate infusion in non-insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetic subjects (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sparteine sulphate ; diabetes mellitus ; insulin secretion/-sensitivity ; non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ; arginine infusion ; blood sugar level ; glucose clamp technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sparteine sulphate, given i.v. as a bolus of 15 mg/ml plus 90 mg in 0.9% NaCl 100 ml over 60 min, increases plasma insulin and decreases plasma glucose and adrenaline in non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetic subjects. The hypoglycaemic effect was also evident in the presence of a high plasma glucose level produced by Biostator changing glucose infusion from 20.2±2.8 to 26.4±4.2 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (p〈0.01), and it was potentiated by simultaneous infusion of arginine. No additional effect of sparteine on the peripheral sensitivity to insulin were detected by the euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp technique, as the glucose infusion rate (3.1±0.8 vs 2.6±1.2 mg · kg−1 · min−1) was not statistically significant different in the last 60 min of the experiment. It is concluded that sparteine sulphate enhances β-cell secretion, causing a fall in the plasma glucose concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540948
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simvastatin reduces plasma lipid levels and improves insulin action in elderly, non-insulin dependent diabetics (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: simvastatin ; plasma lipids ; plasma glucose ; glucose turnover ; diabetes mellitus ; non-insulin dependend diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve elderly non-insulin dependent diabetic patients took part in a double-blind, cross-over, randomized study comparing simvastatin 30 mg/day and placebo. Each treatment period lasted 3 weeks and was separated by a 3 week wash-out period. At the end of each treatment period all subjects underwent in randomized order an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g) and an euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic (50 mU/kg·h) glucose clamp. Simvastatin compared to placebo significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (7.9 vs 5.3 mmol·l−1), LDL-cholesterol (7.2 vs 4.3 mmol·l−1), triglycerides (2.9 vs 2.1 mmol·l−1), free fatty acids (1106 vs 818 mmol−1) and glucose (7.4 vs 6.6 mmol·l−1) levels. After simvastatin, and in the last 60 min of the glucose clamp, there was an improvement in the action of insulin as demonstrated by stronger inhibition of hepatic glucose output (2.7 vs 5.2 μmol·kg−1·min−1) and stimulation both of the glucose disappearance rate (26.3 vs 19.5 μmol·kg−1·min−1) and glucose metabolic clearance rate (4.3 vs 3.6 ml·kg−1·min−1). The changes in glucose turnover parameters were significantly correlated with basal plasma free fatty acids and were independent of plasma glucoregulatory hormones. In conclusion, simvastatin seems to exert beneficial effects both on lipid and glucose metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315135
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