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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil-plant interactions in a neotropical mangrove forest: iron, phosphorus and sulfur dynamics (1998)
    Springer
    Oecologia 115 (1998), S. 553-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Mangrove species zonation ; Sulfate reduction ; Pyrite formation ; Phosphorus ; Decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined soil porewater concentrations of sulfate, alkalinity, phosphorus, nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon and solid phase concentrations of pyrite in relation to mangrove species distributions along a 3.1-km-long transect that traversed a 47.1-km2 mangrove forest in the Dominican Republic. Iron, phosphorus, and sulfur dynamics are closely coupled to the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria, the primary decomposers in anoxic soils of mangrove ecosystems. Patterns in the chemistry data suggested that sulfate reduction rates and storage of reduced sulfur were greater in the inland basin forest dominated by Laguncularia racemosa than the Rhizophora mangle dominated forest of the lower tidal region. The distribution of Laguncularia was significantly correlated with concentrations of total phosphorus (r= 0.99) and dissolved organic carbon (r= 0.86), alkalinity (r= 0.60), and the extent of sulfate depletion (r= 0.77) in the soil porewater and soil pyrite concentrations (r= 0.72) across the tidal gradient. Leaf tissue chemistry of Laguncularia was characterized by lower C:N and C:P ratios that could fuel the higher rates of decomposition in the Laguncularia-dominated forest. We suggest that a plant-soil-microbial feedback contributes to the spatial patterning of vegetation and soil variables across the intertidal zone of many mangrove forest communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050553
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solute concentrations and fluxes of major nutrients in potted red spruce saplings exposed to simulated acid rain treatments (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 54 (1990), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Ninety potted red spruce saplings have been enclosed in open-top fumigation chambers and exposed to simulated acid rain treatments of pH 3.1, 4.1, and 5.1 for two growing seasons as part of a 4 yr study. Original spodosol soil profiles were reconstructed in each 1 m diameter pot with tension lysimeters buried at two depths and drainage spouts installed on the bottom of each pot. All principal fluxes of the major elements are being measured in these “ecosystems” allowing calculation of precise input-output and internal nutrient budgets. During the first year of treatments, nutrient budgets were strongly affected by enhanced mineralization owing to transplant disturbances, and this masked any treatment effects. Second year budgets indicated the effects of strong acid loading on cation depletion and acidification of soils. For example, nitrate leaching from the subsoil was nearly five times higher in the pH 3.1 treatment than in others and correlated increases in base cation leaching were observed. Significant differences in soil pH among rainfall treatments were also observed. Budgetary calculations demonstrated that at present there are large exchangeable Ca pools available for tree growth, whereas for K, plant requirements were very high relative to K soil pools which may lead to growth deficiencies and/or nutrient imbalances. These results illustrate the potential for the combined effects of tree growth and strong acid loading to deplete the base status of acidic forest soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298662
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of acid deposition on the biogeochemical cycles of major nutrients in miniature red spruce ecosystems (1994)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 24 (1994), S. 85-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: acid deposition ; nutrient cycling ; proton budgets ; red spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract As part of an experimental study of air pollution effects on tree growth and health, we combined process studies with an ecosystem approach to evaluate the effects of acidic deposition on soil acidification, nutrient cycling and proton fluxes in miniature red spruce ecosystems. Ninety red spruce saplings were transplanted into 1-m diameter pots containing reconstructed soil profiles and exposed to simulated acid rain treatments of pH 3.1, 4.1 and 5.1 for four consecutive growing seasons. All the principal fluxes of the major elements were measured. During the first year of treatments, the disturbance associated with the transplanting of the experimental trees masked any treatment effects by stimulating N mineralization rates and consequent high N03 − cation, and H+ flux through the soil profile. In subsequent years, leaching of base cations and labile Al was accelerated in the most intensive acid treatment and corresponding declines in soil pH and exchangeable pools of Ca and Mg and increases in exchangeable Al concentrations were observed in the organic horizon. Leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ also was significantly higher in the pH 4.1 than in the pH 5.1 treatment. Flux of Ca from foliage and soil was increased in response to strong acid loading and root uptake increased to compensate for foliar Ca losses. In contrast, K cycling was dominated by root uptake and internal cycling and was relatively insensitive to strong acid inputs. Cation leaching induced by acidic deposition was responsible for the majority of H+ flux in the pH 3.1 treatment in the organic soil horizon whereas root uptake accounted for most of the H+ flux in the pH 4.1 and 5.1 treatments. Although no measurable effects on tree nutrition or health were observed, base cation leaching was significantly accelerated by acidic deposition, even at levels below that observed in the eastern U.S., warranting continued concern about acid deposition effects on the soil base status of forested ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000003
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of acid deposition on the biogeochemical cycles of major nutrients in miniature red spruce ecosystems (1994)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 24 (1994), S. 85-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: acid deposition ; nutrient cycling ; proton budgets ; red spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract As part of an experimental study of air pollution effects on tree growth and health, we combined process studies with an ecosystem approach to evaluate the effects of acidic deposition on soil acidification, nutrient cycling and proton fluxes in miniature red spruce ecosystems. Ninety red spruce saplings were transplanted into 1-m diameter pots containing reconstructed soil profiles and exposed to simulated acid rain treatments of pH 3.1, 4.1 and 5.1 for four consecutive growing seasons. All the principal fluxes of the major elements were measured. During the first year of treatments, the disturbance associated with the transplanting of the experimental trees masked any treatment effects by stimulating N mineralization rates and consequent high N03 − cation, and H+ flux through the soil profile. In subsequent years, leaching of base cations and labile Al was accelerated in the most intensive acid treatment and corresponding declines in soil pH and exchangeable pools of Ca and Mg and increases in exchangeable Al concentrations were observed in the organic horizon. Leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ also was significantly higher in the pH 4.1 than in the pH 5.1 treatment. Flux of Ca from foliage and soil was increased in response to strong acid loading and root uptake increased to compensate for foliar Ca losses. In contrast, K cycling was dominated by root uptake and internal cycling and was relatively insensitive to strong acid inputs. Cation leaching induced by acidic deposition was responsible for the majority of H+ flux in the pH 3.1 treatment in the organic soil horizon whereas root uptake accounted for most of the H+ flux in the pH 4.1 and 5.1 treatments. Although no measurable effects on tree nutrition or health were observed, base cation leaching was significantly accelerated by acidic deposition, even at levels below that observed in the eastern U.S., warranting continued concern about acid deposition effects on the soil base status of forested ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390181
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of New York state lake liming data and the application of models from Scandinavian lakes to Adirondack lakes (1988)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 41 (1988), S. 241-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Limestone dissolution efficiencies and reacidification rates observed in ten small Adirondack Mountain lakes, treated in 1983 to 1984 as part of the Extensive Liming Study (ELS), were compared with Scandinavian model predictions of dissolution (Sverdrup and Bjerle, 1983), and reacidification (Wright, 1985). The standard deviation of predicted initial dissolution was 15.4% of the observed fraction of limestone dissolved. Model predictions of dissolution for the Scandinavian lakes were similarly within 8 to 14% of observed values. Further analysis of the ELS data indicated that of the dissolution model parameters, dose rate alone was the best predictor of initial dissolution efficiency. Dissolution rates declined exponentially with time to undetectable levels within 2 to 3 yr following treatment. Total limestone dissolution efficiencies were in the range of 17 to 59% for the ELS lakes, which are comparable to levels observed in Scandinavian treatments with similar limestone materials (26 to 64%). Analysis of data from other Adirondack lakes limed by private groups and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for fisheries management programs, yielded similar estimates of dissolution efficiency for calcite based materials (average 36%). However, some of these lakes which were treated with slaked lime [Ca(OH)2], exhibited initial dissolution efficiencies approaching 100%. The simple two box dilution model of reacidification, satisfactorily predicted Ca loss rates in the ELS lakes, indicating the importance of hydrology (water retention time) as a factor controlling reacidification rates in these small, limed lakes. For the ELS lakes, the ratio of watershed area/lake volume satisfactorily predicted Ca loss rates (R2 = 0.96) and this simplified empirical model was applied to other Adirondack lakes where inadequate water chemistry and hydrologic data were available to utilize the dilution model. Limed Adirondack lakes with mean water retention times less than 4 mo reacidified within 1 yr after treatment. Given the preponderance of acidified lakes in the Adirondack region with retention times less than this threshold value of 4 mo (approximately 80% of lakes 〈10 ha surface area), simple whole lake liming practices would not be adequate for maintaining water quality suitable for the support of viable fish populations in these lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160353
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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