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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of magnetic anisotropy on the current capability of thin film inductor (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5852-5854 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated the effects of magnetic anisotropy and anisotropy alignment to the coil geometry on the performance of a thin film inductor. For this, Ti/FeTaN bilayer films with large Hk(∼10 Oe) were used as a magnetic layer. We also fabricated a double rectangular spiral inductor which gives a uniaxial coil magnetic flux. When the hard axis of magnetic film is aligned to the magnetic field direction, highest inductance values as well as best frequency response can be obtained. As misalignment angle from the hard axis alignment increases, high-frequency characteristics are substantially degraded, especially at the misalignment angle higher than 45°. Current capability of inductor is found to depend on both Hk and hard axis alignment. The hard axis alignment, in conjunction with large Hk, increases the current capability of inductor significantly. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372544
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft magnetic properties of [FeTaN/N-rich FeTaN]n multilayer films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5861-5863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated the soft magnetic properties of FeTaN multilayers which consist of Fe78.8Ta8.5N12.7 films with a periodic insertion of thin (∼100 Å) N-rich FeTaN layers. The FeTaN multilayer leads to an enhancement of magnetic anisotropy compared to the single layer. This enhancement can be explained in terms of increased tensile stresses in the multilayer after heat treatments. The degree of anisotropy is found to depend on the stacking number of [FeTaN/N-rich FeTaN]n layers. The stress-induced anisotropy ultimately improves the high-frequency characteristics through restricting ferromagnetic resonance. The optimum multilayer exhibits the following good soft magnetic properties: permeability of 2500, coercivity of 0.1 Oe, magnetic anisotropy field of 6 Oe, and stable frequency response up to 300 MHz. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372547
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of thin film inductors using FeTaN soft magnetic films (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4898-4900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Planar-type thin film inductors were fabricated using FeTaN soft magnetic films. It was found that excellent soft magnetic properties (coercivity of 0.1–0.2 Oe, effective permeability of 4000, and saturation magnetization of 15 kG) could be obtained in the Fe78.8Ta8.5N12.7 films after anneals at 400–500 °C. The initial permeability of the films was constant up to 20 MHz. Internal-coil inductors, in which Cu coils were sandwiched by SiO2 insulator/FeTaN magnetic layers, were fabricated and their characteristics were compared with air-core inductors. The inductance was increased by a factor of 4 compared to air-core inductors. However, the high frequency characteristic was degraded due to a frequency-limited permeability of FeTaN magnetic layers. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369135
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of magnetic anisotropy of nanocrystalline FeTaN films by Ti underlayers and magnetic field annealing (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4568-4570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Evolution of magnetic anisotropy in a FeTaN film was investigated as a function of annealing temperature, induction of magnetic field, and the addition of a Ti underlayer. The Fe78.8Ta8.5N12.7 films studied in this work are deposited as amorphous, and their soft magnetic properties evolve through the crystallization during postdeposition annealing. The films show a strong isotropy at all annealing temperatures with and without magnetic field induction. Employment of a Ti underlayer greatly enhances the uniaxial anisotropy when combined with a magnetic field annealing. The enhanced anisotropy leads to a significant improvement of high frequency response through an increased ferromagnetic resonance frequency. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370410
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective Effects of Daidzein on Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity and Scopolamine-Mediated Cognitive Defect (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : To investigate the effect of daidzein, a major isoflavone constituent isolated from Pueraria thunbergiana (an arrowroot), on the oxidative damage and the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit, in vitro cell viability assays and in vivo behavioral tests were performed. Using 3 assays 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)–2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction, lactate dehydrogenase release, and trypan blue exclusion) daidzein showed cell protective effects on oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. Administration of daidzein to mice significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in a passive avoidance test. Injection of scopolamine to mice impaired performance in the passive avoidance test (43% decrease). In contrast, mice treated with daidzein before scopolamine injection were protected from this change (higher than the control value). These results suggest that daidzein's neuronal cell protective activities reduce the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit and that its anti-amnesic effect might be due to the activation of choline acetyltransferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb07122.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effects of glucosamine on lipopolysaccharide-induced activation in microglial cells (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of glucosamine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cellular activation in microglia and to evaluate the inhibitory mechanisms involved.2. Lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL) was used for the activation of primary cultured rat microglial or BV2 microglial cells. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels and outward K+ currents were measured using fura-2/AM and whole-cell patch-clamp methods, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA was analysed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.3. Lipopolysaccharide transformed cell morphology into an amoeboid shape in vitro and induced microglial activation in vivo, as measured by immunohistochemical staining, but glucosamine inhibited this activation. Glucosamine also inhibited LPS-induced Ca2+ influx, outward K+ currents and TNF-α mRNA expression, which are typically representative of microglial activation.4. The results suggest that the inhibitory mechanisms of glucosamine on LPS-induced microglial activation include inhibition of Ca2+ influx and outward K+ currents, as well as downregulation of the microglial activator gene TNF-α.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04305.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (–)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE ATTENUATES GLUTAMATE-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY VIA INTRACELLULAR CA2+ MODULATION IN PC12 CELLS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of (–)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, on glutamate-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated.2. Changes in [Ca2+]i were measured using Fura-2/AM calcium indicator dye and cellular viabilities were determined by a viable cell count and a 3-(4,4-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay.3. Glutamate increased [Ca2+]i in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. (–)-Epigallocatechin gallate attenuated this glutamate (30 mmol/L)-induced [Ca2+]i increase and EGCG (50 µmol/L) increased the viability of PC12 cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. The EGCG effect was also found to be independent of its general anti-oxidant mechanism. In contrast, EGCG directly suppressed both N-methyl-d-aspartate (50 mmol/L)- and kainate (20 mmol/L)-mediated Ca2+ influx, but not metabotropic receptor-mediated Ca2+ release.4. These results suggest that EGCG reduces the glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i increase by attenuating ionotropic Ca2+ influx and that this promotes the viability of PC12 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04044.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal expression of UDP-galactose: ceramide galactosyl transferase mRNA during rat brain development (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Oligodendrocyte ; Development ; In situ hybridization ; Myelin ; Central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We studied the expression of UDP-galactose: ceramide galactosyl transferase (CGT) mRNA in postnatal rat brains using an in situ hybridization technique. From P0 to P16, there was a defined temporal and spatial pattern to the earliest acquisition of CGT mRNA expression. In the forebrain, CGT mRNA-expressing (CGT+) cells were first detected in regions outside the subventricular zone around the lateral ventricle at P2. Cells in the external capsule, internal capsule and corpus callosum were later found to be CGT-positive. At P8 to P16, CGT+ cells were found in the thalamus, striatum, occipital and frontal cortex. In the case of midbrain and hindbrain, the first CGT+ signals were detected in the medullary raphe of the medulla oblongata at P0. CGT+ cells were subsequently located in the cerebellum, midbrain and pons from P4 to P16. That is, in regions closer to the areas in which CGT+ cells were first found, CGT mRNA expression was observed much earlier. These findings support the notion that there are at least two discrete waves of CGT mRNA signal expression in the forebrain and hindbrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050272
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Essential Leucine Residue for Catalytic Activity of Novel Thermostable Chitosanase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 621-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Thermostable chitosanase ; Bacillus coagulans CK108 ; site-directed mutagenesis ; leucine residue ; catalytic activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial chitosanases share weak amino acid sequence similarities at certain regions of each enzyme. These regions have been assumed to be important for catalytic activities of the enzyme. To verify this assumption, the functional importance of the conserved region in a novel thermostable chitosanase (TCH-2) from Bacillus coagulans CK108 was investigated. Each of the conserved amino acid residues (Leu64, Glu80, Glu94, Asp98, and Gly108) was changed to aspartate and glutamine or asparagine and glutamate by site-directed mutagenesis, respectively. Kinetic parameters for colloidal chitosan hydrolysis were determined with wild-type and 10 mutant chitosanases. The Leu64 → Arg and Leu64 → Gln mutations were essentially inactive and kinetic parameters such as V max and k cat were approximately 1/107 of those of the wild-type enzyme. The Asp98 → Asn mutation did not affect the K m value significantly, but decreased k cat to 15% of that of wild-type chitosanase. On the other hand, the Asp98 srarr; Glu mutation affected neither K m nor k cat. The observation that approximately 15% of activity remained after the substitution of Asp98 by Asn indicated that the carboxyl side chain of Asp98 is not absolutely required for catalytic activity. These results indicate that the Leu64 residue is directly involved in the catalytic activity of TCH-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007147214796
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fed-batch production of Thermomonospora fusca endoglucanase by recombinant Streptomyces lividans (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: endoglucanase ; recombinant ; Streptomyces ; fed-batch ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The factors affecting the production of a Thermomonospora fusca endoglucanase by a recombinant Streptomyces lividans strain were studied in a fermentor with glucose addition controlled by a pH-stat. The recombinant plasmid was stable for 35 generations with constant endoglucanase productivity. Glucose and peptone were used as the carbon and nitrogen sources. Addition of Tween-80 increased endoglucanase production twofold. A significant decrease in endoglucanase production was observed at low aeration. During fed-batch cultivation, pulse feeding (6 g/L) of a glucose-ammonium sulfate solution was optimal for endoglucanase production. With higher concentrations of glucose (15 g/L), a significant amount of organic acid, including acetic acid, was produced, which inhibited cell growth and endoglucanase production. Under optimum conditions, 1.7 U/mL of endoglucanase were produced. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 70-76, 1998.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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