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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ascorbate and Glutamate Release in the Rat Hippocampus After Perforant Path Stimulation: A “Dialysis Electrode” Study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Excitatory amino acids have been proposed to play a critical role in the development and maintenance of epileptic seizures and in the development of neuronal damage. Previous animal studies of glutamate during seizures, however, have often failed to measure any rise in glutamate. We have overcome many of the problems of these studies by using an animal model in which epileptic afterdischarges are induced by stimulation of the perforant path, and glutamate and ascorbate are measured using a newly developed microdialysis electrode that combines the advantages of microdialysis and in vivo electrochemistry. We have successfully shown (1) a rise in glutamate after an epileptic afterdischarge, (2) a concomitant initial fall and then a later rise in ascorbate, and (3) progressive dwindling of this effect when afterdischarges are repeated within minutes, despite similar electroencephalographic responses. The possible mechanisms of these effects are discussed and include ascorbate/glutamate heteroexchange, reversal of the glutamate uptake mechanism, and augmentation of glutamate uptake after a seizure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020725.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intensive care treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in the UK (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Six hundred and ninety–four members of the Intensive Care Society working in the UK were surveyed by postal questionnaire between May and November 1993 to determine their management of convulsive status epilepticus resistant to initial therapy with intravenous diazepam and phenytoin. Four hundred and eight forms were completed and returned (58.8%). The survey revealed that, following failure of initial management, a benzodiazepine infusion (35%) or anaesthetic induction agent (32%) were the preferred second lines of treatment in intensive care units. In paediatric intensive care units, phenobarbitone (31 %) was the agent of choice. Most respondents (57%) gave anaesthetic induction agents within 60min of the start of status epilepticus, the majority choosing thiopentone (82%). Patients were usually monitored using clinical assessment only (45%), except in paediatric intensive care units and specialist neurological or neurosurgical units where the majority used a cerebral function monitor. Only 12%〉 of the respondents were aware of a protocol for status epilepticus in their intensive care units. The most frequently used therapeutic and monitoring strategies in the management of refractory status epilepticus in the UK are insufficient and need re–evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb15095.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Open stereotactic selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy for drug resistant epilepsy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 116 (1992), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; surgical technique ; stereotactic resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Selective removal of the medio-basal temporal structures has been introduced as an alternative to standard temporal lobectomy in the treatment of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy not related to gross structural lesions. Various approaches have been described for the surgical excision of the amygdalo-hippocampal complex, each of them presenting advantages and limitations. The recently introduced computer-assisted technique of volumetric stereotactic excision of deep-seated intracerebral lesions combines precision of targeting with elimination of unnecessary cortical trauma and may potentially provide an alternative method in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy. We present our experience of stereotactic volumetric selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy in six patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. The criteria for selection, the pre-operative evaluation and the operative technique are discussed. All patients had a cessation or considerable reduction in seizure frequency while the morbidity was minimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540868
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Open stereotactic amygdalohippocampectomy — Clinical, psychometric, and MRI follow-up (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 123 (1993), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; surgical technique ; stereotactic resection ; magnetic resonance imaging ; psychometry ; follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical results of six cases of open stereotactic amygdalohippocampectomy for medically intractable epilepsy are presented. Outcome in terms of seizure control (highly satisfactory in five patients) and neuropsychological sequelae (all cases had poor functioning of the contralateral temporal lobe pre-operatively) are detailed. In addition the use of post-operative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is demonstrated and shown to be a valuable tool in providing the crucially accurate baseline that is required for more meaningful follow-up outcome studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476282
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of visual inspection for detection of volumetric hippocampal asymmetry (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Temporal lobe ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Volumetric analysis ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Volumetric measurement of the hippocampus is of use in localisation of lesions causing focal epilepsy and in lateralisation of epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis. However, it is time consuming and requires specialised equipment. Hence, we compared volumetric measurement with visual detection of hippocampal asymmetry by five trained observers. MRI studies of 19 neurologically normal subjects and of 34 consecutive patients with epilepsy and hippocampal volume ratios below the lowest normal value were employed. Agreement between visual and quantitative diagnoses was 59% for all subjects (ϰ=0.38) and 65% for those with volumetric hippocampal asymmetry. Disagreements in visual and volumetric lateralisation of hippocampal asymmetry were relatively uncommon. Visual estimates of the extent of hippocampal involvement and the observers' confidence in the diagnosis influenced the accuracy of visual inspection. However, discordance in diagnoses occurred even when confidence in the visual diagnosis was high. Reliable visual detection occurred for hippocampal volume ratios below 0.7, suggesting that visual determination of hippocampal asymmetry is of greatest clinical value in the lateralisation of seizure foci in patients already selected for the presence of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Volumetric measurements are particularly important if hippocampal asymmetry is used for seizure localisation in groups of patients with temporal or extratemporal epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596533
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of visual inspection for detection of volumetric hippocampal asymmetry (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Temporal lobe ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Volumetric analysis ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Volumetric measurement of the hippocampus is of use in localisation of lesions causing focal epilepsy and in lateralisation of epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis. However, it is time consuming and requires specialised equipment. Hence, we compared volumetric measurement with visual detection of hippocampal asymmetry by five trained observers. MRI studies of 19 neurologically normal subjects and of 34 consecutive patients with epilepsy and hippocampal volume ratios below the lowest normal value were employed. Agreement between visual and quantitative diagnoses was 59 % for all subjects (ϰ = 0.38) and 65 % for those with volumetric hippocampal asymmetry. Disagreements in visual and volumetric lateralisation of hippocampal asymmetry were relatively uncommon. Visual estimates of the extent of hippocampal involvement and the observers' confidence in the diagnosis influenced the accuracy of visual inspection. However, discordance in diagnoses occurred even when confidence in the visual diagnosis was high. Reliable visual detection occurred for hippocampal volume ratios below 0.7, suggesting that visual determination of hippocampal asymmetry is of greatest clinical value in the lateralisation of seizure foci in patients already selected for the presence of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Volumetric measurements are particularly important if hippocampal asymmetry is used for seizure localisation in groups of patients with temporal or extratemporal epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596533
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery imaging: first experience with a 3D version in epilepsy (1998)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 483-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery ; Three-dimensional imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We developed a 3D version of fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery imaging (FLAIR) which provides images with a slice thickness of 1.5 mm. We present our initial experience with 3D fast FLAIR in patients with epilepsy. We compared 3D fast FLAIR (slice thickness 1.5 mm), 2D fast FLAIR (slice thickness 5 mm) and a 3D spoiled GRASS (IRSPGR) sequence (slice thickness 1.5 mm) in 10 patients with lesional epilepsy (head injury 1, hippocampal sclerosis 2, low-grade glioma 2, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour 2, polymicrogyria 1, perinatal infarct 1 and presumed thrombosed aneurysm 1). Both 2D and 3D fast FLAIR sequences yielded higher conspicuity for lesions than the T1-weighted IRSPGR sequence, except in the patient with polymicrogyria. The extent of the lesion, in particular that of low-grade tumours, was best assessed on 3D fast FLAIR images. 3D fast FLAIR may be a useful additional tool especially for imaging low-grade tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050630
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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