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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro analysis of host plant specificity in Rhizoctonia solani (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Rhizoctonia solani is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range. Host plant specificity within R. solani was analysed on seedlings grown aseptically on agar, which allowed continuous observation of both the fungus and the whole plant without disturbing the interaction. Symptom development on cauliflower, Arabidopsis, eggplant, tomato and potato by 32 R. solani isolates, belonging to six different anastomosis groups (AGs), was studied. Host plant specificity of isolates, as analysed by similarity clustering, was similar to AG-related host plant specificity as observed in the field, with AG3 isolates (except two avirulent strains) separating from the other isolates. Two R. solani isolates with a reciprocal pathogenicity on cauliflower and tomato were selected for further studies. These showed that in the pathogenic combination, R. solani isolates grew over the plant, adhered and formed infection structures, while in the nonpathogenic combination isolates grew over the plant, but neither adhesion nor the formation of infection structures occurred. From these data, it was concluded that host plant specificity is mediated in the early steps of the infection process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-61.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to yellow rust in Triticum dicoccoides. I. Crosses with susceptible Triticum durum (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; wild emmer wheat ; genetics ; inheritance ; major genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In dit onderzoek werden 45 resistente wilde-emmer selecties (Triticum dicoccoides) gekruist met de vatbareTriticum durum cv. D447 om na te gaan hoe de resistentie van de wilde-emmer selecties overerft. De ouders, de F1- en F2-populaties van een bepaalde selectie werden in het kiemplantstadium getoetst met één Israëlisch gele-roest isolaat van fysio 2E0 of van fysio 2E18. In de uitsplitsende F2-populaties werden de nietsporulerende planten als resistent beschouwd en de sporulerende als vatbaar. De waargenomen uitsplitsingsverhoudingen komen overeen met 9 verschillende theoretische uitsplitsingsverhoudingen in de F2. Het meest voorkomend (23 herkomsten) was een R∶S=3∶1 uitsplitsing, wijzend op één dominant gen. In zes herkomsten lijken twee dominante genen aanwezig te zijn, die in drie gevallen onafhankelijk overerven (15∶1) en in de andere drie complementair (9∶7). In één herkomst lijkt de resistentie op tenminste drie dominante genen te berusten, daar alle 256 getoetste planten resistent waren. Een uitsplitsing wijzend op één dominant gen samen met één of twee recessieve genen (13∶3 of 55∶9) werd in zeven herkomsten gevonden. Resistentie berustend op uitsluitend recessieve genen werd aangenomen in acht herkomsten. In drie gevallen erven deze genen onafhankelijk over (1∶3 of 7∶9), in de overige vijf complementair (1∶15). Concluderend kan worden gesteld dat de resistentie in dit wilde-emmer materiaal in de meeste herkomsten (67%) op uitsluitend dominante genen lijkt te berusten, of op een combinatie van dominante en recessieve genen (15%). In de overige herkomsten (18%) lijkt de resistentie te berusten op uitsluitend recessieve genen. Om de gevonden resultaten te kunnen verklaren moet worden aangenomen dat er tenminste acht genen zijn betrokken bij de resistentie in deze wilde-emmer herkomsten.
    Notes: Abstract Out of 71 selections of wild emmer wheat which were involved in this study on the inheritance of resistance to yellow rust, 45 selections gave conclusive results. The most common finding was that the observed segregation ratios in the F2-progenies indicated that the resistance is based on one or more dominant genes (67%). Less frequently, resistance may be conferred by one or more recessive genes (18%), or a combination of both dominant and recessive genes (15%). At least eight different genes have to be involved in the 45 wild emmer selections in order to account for our findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997475
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to powdery mildew in wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides Körn.) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Erysiphe graminis tritici ; powdery mildew ; Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wild emmer from 73 collection sites, including 107 accessions from Israel, two from Lebanon and one from Turkey, were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew in field nurseries in Israel and the Netherlands. The wild emmer entries displayed a diversity of responses to powdery mildew infection, ranging from high resistance to complete susceptibility. Most entries were resistant in at least one of the nurseries; several entries proved to be resistant in all the tests. Comparing the reactions of 47 wild emmer accessions tested in six nurseries, 11 markedly different patterns were discerned, indicating the probable presence of several different resistance genes. Genes for resistance to powdery mildew appear to be very common in wild emmer indigenous to Israel. Resistance was found in accessions from most collection sites, in all the geographic regions represented in the collection. The common occurrence of resistance and the apparent diversity of genotypes makes wild emmer a rich gene-pool for resistance to powdery mildew. Since genes for resistance to wheat pathogens can be quite readily transferred to cultivated wheat, wild emmer may be utilized as a valuable source of powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021122
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Race-specificity of temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis in Triticum dicoccoides (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust ; minor genes ; temperature-sensitive genes ; resistance ; race-specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four entries of wild emmer possessing temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to yellow rust were studied in the seedling stage, at two temperature-profiles, with 15 pathogenic races from 11 countries in South America, Africa, Asia and Europe. It was shown that the majority of the resistance genes in these wild emmer entries were race-specific. In most of these entries a more resistant reaction was displayed at the higher temperature-profile; however in three entries a shift in reaction towards resistance was observed with certain races but towards susceptibility with some of the other races, suggesting that two different kinds of temperature-sensitive genes were involved in each of these entries. The similarity of temperature-sensitive genes occurring in wild emmer and in cultivated wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037890
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additive gene action for resistance to Puccinia striiformis F.SP. Tritici in Triticum dicoccoides (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust of wheat ; minor genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seven single-plant selections of wild emmer, with temperature-sensitive minor-effect genes for stripe rust resistance, were intercrossed in eight combinations. The resulting progenies were studied for a possible additive gene action. The transgressive segregation towards resistance in F2 observed in all the combinations indicates that additive gene action for resistance indeed occurs in wild emmer. The common occurrence of this phenomenon in random combinations suggests further that several minor-effect genes are involved. Following selection of the most resistant plants in F2, a marked shift towards resistance was noted in F3, which demonstrates a positive response to selection. In some instances, additive resistance selected for (in F2) at the high temperature-profile was expressed (in F3) also at the low temperature-profile. This kind of resistance, when utilized in breeding programmes, promises therefore to be effective over a range of temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021123
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yr15 — a new gene for resistance to Puccinia striiformis in Triticum dicoccoides sel. G-25 (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust of wheat ; yellow rust of wheat ; Yr genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a comparative study of reaction patterns and by analysis of segregation ratios in cross progenies, Triticum dicoccoides Koern. sel. G-25 was shown to possess a yet unknown gene for resistance to yellow rust. It is suggested to assign provisionally the symbol Yr15 to this gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037912
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to yellow rust in Triticum dicoccoides. II. Crosses with resistant Triticum dicoccoides sel. G-25 (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; wild emmer wheat ; genetics ; inheritance ; major genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In dit onderzoek werden 29 nieuwe resistente wilde-emmer selecties (Triticum dicoccoides) gekruist met de reeds uitvoerig bestudeerde resistente selectie G-25, om na te gaan of de resistentie van de nieuwe selecties wordt veroorzaakt door genen op dezelfde locus als het dominante gen in sel. G-25 of dat er andere loci bij zijn betrokken. De ouders, de F1-en F2-populaties van een bepaalade selectie werden in het kiemplantstadium getoetst met één Israëlisch gele-roest isolaat van fysio 2E0 of van fysio 2E18. In de uitsplitsende F2-populaties werden de niet-sporulerende planten als resistent beschouwd en de sporulerende als vatbaar. In de F2-populaties van 12 herkomsten werden geen vatbare planten gevonden, hetgeen er op duidt dat de resistentie wordt veroorzaakt door een gen op dezelfde locus als het gen in G-25 of door een gen dat neuw gekoppeld is aan het gen in G-25. Voor twee van deze herkomsten kan op basis van een fysio-specifieke interactie worden vastgesteld dat de resistentie berust op allelen die verschillen van het allel in sel. G-25. In 11 herkomsten werd een uitsplitsing voor twee dominante gene gevonden (R∶S=15∶1), waarbij het tweede dominante gen uit de getoetste nieuwe selectie afkomstig is. De aanwezigheid van twee dominante genen verschillend van het gen in sel. G-25 werd gevonden in één herkomst (63∶1). In de overige vijf selecties bleek de resistentie te worden veroorzaakt door één of twee recessieve genen waarnaast in drie gevallen ook nog een dominant gen werd gevonden. De resultaten tonen aan dat tenminste 19 van de 29 bestudeerde selecties resistentiegenen bezitten die verschillen van het gen inT. dicoccoides sel. G-25. Slechts in twee van deze selecties kan het gen allel zijn met het gen in sel. G-25.
    Notes: Abstract A comparison was made between the genes in 29 new selections of wild emmer wheat resistant to yellow rust over wide geographic areas and the previously extensively studied selectionTriticum dicoccoides G-25. In 23 selections the resistance may be conferred by 1 dominant gene; these include 11 selections in which the gene is different from the dominant gene in sel. G-25 and two others in which the genes were closely linked or allelic to the gene in G-25, differing from sel. G-25 by race-specificity. Two dominant genes different from the gene in sel. G-25, seem to be present in one selection. In five selections the resistance may be conferred by one or two recessive genes, including three instances in which the recessive gene was associated with a dominat gene. Our findings show that at least 19 out of the 29 selections studied possess genes which are different from the gene inT. dicoccoides sel. G-25.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997476
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult-plant resistance to yellow rust in wild emmer wheat (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 94 (1988), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; temperature-sensitive genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Voor dit onderzoek werden 76 herkomsten van wilde emmer tarwe (Triticum dicoccoides Körn.) geselecteerd op basis van vatbaarheid voor gele roest (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.tritici) in het kiemplantstadium. In een veldtoets met hetzelfde gele roest isolaat (fysio 39E134) werd de reaktie in het volwassenplantstadium bepaald. Deze toets werd in Wageningen in een plastic kas uitgevoerd en in Flevoland in een geïsoleerd veld. In Flevoland vertoonden 15 herkomsten een intermediaire of resistente reaktie, in Wageningen werd dit bij 18 herkomsten waargenomen. Om na te gaan of de waargenomen veldresistentie mogelijk berust op temperatuurgevoelige genen, werd de resistentie vergeleken bij hoge en lage temperatuur. Van de 20 herkomsten, die resistentie vertoonden in de veldtoets in Wageningen of in Flevoland, bleken er 16 temperatuurgevoelige resistentiegenen te hebben. Vier herkomsten lijken echte, stadium afhankelijke, volwassenplantresistentie te vertonen.
    Notes: Abstract Seventy-six entries of wild emmer, susceptible to a culture of yellow rust, race 39E134, in the seedling stage at a low temperature-profile, were tested with the same culture for field resistance at two locations in the Netherlands. While most entries were susceptible also in the adult-plant stage, 15 showed an intermediate or resistant infection-type in Flevoland and 18 at Wageningen. In subsequent seedling tests at low and high temperature-profiles, including 20 entries which at either of the two locations had displayed field resistance, 16 entries were shown to possess temperature-sensitive genes, whereas four appeared to have true host stage-bound adult-plant resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977317
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of resistance to powdery mildew in wild emmer wheat in the seedling and adult plant stage (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 94 (1989), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Erysiphe graminis f. sp.tritici ; Triticum dicoccoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Van 272 wilde emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) herkomsten werd de resistentie tegen meeldauw (Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici) bepaald. Waarnemingen werden gedaan in het kiemplantstadium en tweemaal in het volwassenplantstadium. Voor de evaluatie van de resistentie in het volwassenplantstadium werden twee methoden vergeleken. Bij de ene methode werd gelet op mate van chlorose en puistgrootte, terwijl bij de tweede methode het hoogste bladniveau werd bepaald waarop meeldauwpuistjes werden waargenomen. Met de eerste methode bleken 133 herkomsten zowel in het kiemplantstadium als in het volwassenplantstadium resistent te zijn, terwijl met de tweede methode 134 herkomsten in het kiemplantstadium resistent waren en in het volwassenplantstadium geen sporulatie vertoonden of slechts op de onderste bladeren. Bij vergelijking van de kiemplantreactie met de reactie in het volwassenplantstadium kon onderscheid gemaakt worden tussen resistentie die alleen werkzaam is in het kiemplantstadium (echte kiemplantresistentie), resistentie die alleen in het volwassenplantstadium werkt (volwassenplantresistentie) en resistentie die in alle groeistadia bescherming geeft (‘overall’ resistentie). Binnen de groep van 26 herkomsten, die zowel in het volwassenplantstadium als in het kiemplantstadium een vatbaar infectietype vertoonden, bleken 6 herkomsten een lage aantastingsgraad te hebben. Dit duidt op het voorkomen van partiële resistentie. Concluderend kan gesteld worden dat resistentie tegen meeldauw veelvuldig voorkomt in herkomsten van wilde emmer tarwe en dat deze resistentie wordt veroorzaakt door genen met verschillende werkingsmechanismen.
    Notes: Abstract In a comparative study of 272 entries of wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides), resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp.tritici) was determined both in the seedling and the adult plant stage. The performance of the entries was evaluated with two methods, scoring of infection types and noting the uppermost leaf which had become affected. With the first method, 133 entries were resistant both in the seedling stage and the adult plant stage, while with the second method 134 entries were resistant in the seedling stage and free of infection or affected only on the lower leaves in the adult plant stage. Moreover, 26 entries which were susceptible in the seedling stage, became moderately resistant or resistant in the adult plant stage. In general, there was good agreement between seedling and adult plant reactions. Screening for resistance to powdery mildew in the seedling stage was shown to be a reliable method to secure selections for wheat breeding programmes. By screening in the adult plant stage and comparing with the seedling reaction, four different types of resistance were found, namely true seedling resistance, overall resistance, adult plant resistance and partial resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02006543
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