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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of resistance to powdery mildew in wild emmer wheat in the seedling and adult plant stage (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 94 (1989), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Erysiphe graminis f. sp.tritici ; Triticum dicoccoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Van 272 wilde emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) herkomsten werd de resistentie tegen meeldauw (Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici) bepaald. Waarnemingen werden gedaan in het kiemplantstadium en tweemaal in het volwassenplantstadium. Voor de evaluatie van de resistentie in het volwassenplantstadium werden twee methoden vergeleken. Bij de ene methode werd gelet op mate van chlorose en puistgrootte, terwijl bij de tweede methode het hoogste bladniveau werd bepaald waarop meeldauwpuistjes werden waargenomen. Met de eerste methode bleken 133 herkomsten zowel in het kiemplantstadium als in het volwassenplantstadium resistent te zijn, terwijl met de tweede methode 134 herkomsten in het kiemplantstadium resistent waren en in het volwassenplantstadium geen sporulatie vertoonden of slechts op de onderste bladeren. Bij vergelijking van de kiemplantreactie met de reactie in het volwassenplantstadium kon onderscheid gemaakt worden tussen resistentie die alleen werkzaam is in het kiemplantstadium (echte kiemplantresistentie), resistentie die alleen in het volwassenplantstadium werkt (volwassenplantresistentie) en resistentie die in alle groeistadia bescherming geeft (‘overall’ resistentie). Binnen de groep van 26 herkomsten, die zowel in het volwassenplantstadium als in het kiemplantstadium een vatbaar infectietype vertoonden, bleken 6 herkomsten een lage aantastingsgraad te hebben. Dit duidt op het voorkomen van partiële resistentie. Concluderend kan gesteld worden dat resistentie tegen meeldauw veelvuldig voorkomt in herkomsten van wilde emmer tarwe en dat deze resistentie wordt veroorzaakt door genen met verschillende werkingsmechanismen.
    Notes: Abstract In a comparative study of 272 entries of wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides), resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp.tritici) was determined both in the seedling and the adult plant stage. The performance of the entries was evaluated with two methods, scoring of infection types and noting the uppermost leaf which had become affected. With the first method, 133 entries were resistant both in the seedling stage and the adult plant stage, while with the second method 134 entries were resistant in the seedling stage and free of infection or affected only on the lower leaves in the adult plant stage. Moreover, 26 entries which were susceptible in the seedling stage, became moderately resistant or resistant in the adult plant stage. In general, there was good agreement between seedling and adult plant reactions. Screening for resistance to powdery mildew in the seedling stage was shown to be a reliable method to secure selections for wheat breeding programmes. By screening in the adult plant stage and comparing with the seedling reaction, four different types of resistance were found, namely true seedling resistance, overall resistance, adult plant resistance and partial resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02006543
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult-plant resistance to yellow rust in wild emmer wheat (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 94 (1988), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; temperature-sensitive genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Voor dit onderzoek werden 76 herkomsten van wilde emmer tarwe (Triticum dicoccoides Körn.) geselecteerd op basis van vatbaarheid voor gele roest (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.tritici) in het kiemplantstadium. In een veldtoets met hetzelfde gele roest isolaat (fysio 39E134) werd de reaktie in het volwassenplantstadium bepaald. Deze toets werd in Wageningen in een plastic kas uitgevoerd en in Flevoland in een geïsoleerd veld. In Flevoland vertoonden 15 herkomsten een intermediaire of resistente reaktie, in Wageningen werd dit bij 18 herkomsten waargenomen. Om na te gaan of de waargenomen veldresistentie mogelijk berust op temperatuurgevoelige genen, werd de resistentie vergeleken bij hoge en lage temperatuur. Van de 20 herkomsten, die resistentie vertoonden in de veldtoets in Wageningen of in Flevoland, bleken er 16 temperatuurgevoelige resistentiegenen te hebben. Vier herkomsten lijken echte, stadium afhankelijke, volwassenplantresistentie te vertonen.
    Notes: Abstract Seventy-six entries of wild emmer, susceptible to a culture of yellow rust, race 39E134, in the seedling stage at a low temperature-profile, were tested with the same culture for field resistance at two locations in the Netherlands. While most entries were susceptible also in the adult-plant stage, 15 showed an intermediate or resistant infection-type in Flevoland and 18 at Wageningen. In subsequent seedling tests at low and high temperature-profiles, including 20 entries which at either of the two locations had displayed field resistance, 16 entries were shown to possess temperature-sensitive genes, whereas four appeared to have true host stage-bound adult-plant resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977317
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to yellow rust in Triticum dicoccoides. I. Crosses with susceptible Triticum durum (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; wild emmer wheat ; genetics ; inheritance ; major genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In dit onderzoek werden 45 resistente wilde-emmer selecties (Triticum dicoccoides) gekruist met de vatbareTriticum durum cv. D447 om na te gaan hoe de resistentie van de wilde-emmer selecties overerft. De ouders, de F1- en F2-populaties van een bepaalde selectie werden in het kiemplantstadium getoetst met één Israëlisch gele-roest isolaat van fysio 2E0 of van fysio 2E18. In de uitsplitsende F2-populaties werden de nietsporulerende planten als resistent beschouwd en de sporulerende als vatbaar. De waargenomen uitsplitsingsverhoudingen komen overeen met 9 verschillende theoretische uitsplitsingsverhoudingen in de F2. Het meest voorkomend (23 herkomsten) was een R∶S=3∶1 uitsplitsing, wijzend op één dominant gen. In zes herkomsten lijken twee dominante genen aanwezig te zijn, die in drie gevallen onafhankelijk overerven (15∶1) en in de andere drie complementair (9∶7). In één herkomst lijkt de resistentie op tenminste drie dominante genen te berusten, daar alle 256 getoetste planten resistent waren. Een uitsplitsing wijzend op één dominant gen samen met één of twee recessieve genen (13∶3 of 55∶9) werd in zeven herkomsten gevonden. Resistentie berustend op uitsluitend recessieve genen werd aangenomen in acht herkomsten. In drie gevallen erven deze genen onafhankelijk over (1∶3 of 7∶9), in de overige vijf complementair (1∶15). Concluderend kan worden gesteld dat de resistentie in dit wilde-emmer materiaal in de meeste herkomsten (67%) op uitsluitend dominante genen lijkt te berusten, of op een combinatie van dominante en recessieve genen (15%). In de overige herkomsten (18%) lijkt de resistentie te berusten op uitsluitend recessieve genen. Om de gevonden resultaten te kunnen verklaren moet worden aangenomen dat er tenminste acht genen zijn betrokken bij de resistentie in deze wilde-emmer herkomsten.
    Notes: Abstract Out of 71 selections of wild emmer wheat which were involved in this study on the inheritance of resistance to yellow rust, 45 selections gave conclusive results. The most common finding was that the observed segregation ratios in the F2-progenies indicated that the resistance is based on one or more dominant genes (67%). Less frequently, resistance may be conferred by one or more recessive genes (18%), or a combination of both dominant and recessive genes (15%). At least eight different genes have to be involved in the 45 wild emmer selections in order to account for our findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997475
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to yellow rust in Triticum dicoccoides. II. Crosses with resistant Triticum dicoccoides sel. G-25 (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; wild emmer wheat ; genetics ; inheritance ; major genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In dit onderzoek werden 29 nieuwe resistente wilde-emmer selecties (Triticum dicoccoides) gekruist met de reeds uitvoerig bestudeerde resistente selectie G-25, om na te gaan of de resistentie van de nieuwe selecties wordt veroorzaakt door genen op dezelfde locus als het dominante gen in sel. G-25 of dat er andere loci bij zijn betrokken. De ouders, de F1-en F2-populaties van een bepaalade selectie werden in het kiemplantstadium getoetst met één Israëlisch gele-roest isolaat van fysio 2E0 of van fysio 2E18. In de uitsplitsende F2-populaties werden de niet-sporulerende planten als resistent beschouwd en de sporulerende als vatbaar. In de F2-populaties van 12 herkomsten werden geen vatbare planten gevonden, hetgeen er op duidt dat de resistentie wordt veroorzaakt door een gen op dezelfde locus als het gen in G-25 of door een gen dat neuw gekoppeld is aan het gen in G-25. Voor twee van deze herkomsten kan op basis van een fysio-specifieke interactie worden vastgesteld dat de resistentie berust op allelen die verschillen van het allel in sel. G-25. In 11 herkomsten werd een uitsplitsing voor twee dominante gene gevonden (R∶S=15∶1), waarbij het tweede dominante gen uit de getoetste nieuwe selectie afkomstig is. De aanwezigheid van twee dominante genen verschillend van het gen in sel. G-25 werd gevonden in één herkomst (63∶1). In de overige vijf selecties bleek de resistentie te worden veroorzaakt door één of twee recessieve genen waarnaast in drie gevallen ook nog een dominant gen werd gevonden. De resultaten tonen aan dat tenminste 19 van de 29 bestudeerde selecties resistentiegenen bezitten die verschillen van het gen inT. dicoccoides sel. G-25. Slechts in twee van deze selecties kan het gen allel zijn met het gen in sel. G-25.
    Notes: Abstract A comparison was made between the genes in 29 new selections of wild emmer wheat resistant to yellow rust over wide geographic areas and the previously extensively studied selectionTriticum dicoccoides G-25. In 23 selections the resistance may be conferred by 1 dominant gene; these include 11 selections in which the gene is different from the dominant gene in sel. G-25 and two others in which the genes were closely linked or allelic to the gene in G-25, differing from sel. G-25 by race-specificity. Two dominant genes different from the gene in sel. G-25, seem to be present in one selection. In five selections the resistance may be conferred by one or two recessive genes, including three instances in which the recessive gene was associated with a dominat gene. Our findings show that at least 19 out of the 29 selections studied possess genes which are different from the gene inT. dicoccoides sel. G-25.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997476
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computer-assisted examination of the storage protein genetic variation in 841 accessions of Triticum dicoccoides (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1984), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Electrophoresis ; Endosperm ; Proteins ; Emmer ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides (wild emmer) is an important genetic resource for increasing the protein content of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Many studies have shown that the presence or absence of bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) electrophoregrams of wheat storage proteins to be of a purely genetic character. A total protein extraction and SDS-PAGE technique was used to estimate the storage protein genetic variability among 841 accessions of wild emmer collected from various ecological regions in the Middle East. In addition, a computer data bank was developed, recording the onedimension electrophoregram bands for each accession by molecular weight (MW) and relative Coomassie Blue staining intensity as determined from densitometer scans. Analyses of this information are being used to identify specific accessions for further study by two dimension electrofocusing-electrophoresis and breeding and genetic analyses. The computer-assisted analyses indicated that the greatest genetic variability occurs for proteins in the high MW region (above 70,000 MW) followed by those in the medium range (70,000 to 33,300 MW). Comparatively little variability was revealed for protein subunits of below 33,300 MW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262545
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative variation in the kernel proteins among 841 accessions of Triticum dicoccoides estimated by SDS-PAGE (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 296-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Electrophoresis ; Endosperm ; Proteins ; Wild emmer ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relative proportion and amount of proteins in five defined molecular weight (MW) regions (A1=above 71,000=71K, A2=71K−49K, A3=49K−31K, A4=31K−20K, A5=20K and less) were estimated by densitometric analyses of the amount of dye bound by kernel proteins (Fullington et al. 1980) of Triticum dicoccoides SDS-PAGE gels. These MW regions roughly correspond to the wheat protein solubility classes (Cole et al. 1981; Fullington et al. 1983). One purpose of the study was to select accessions whose seed proteins bind relatively high amounts of dye in the glutenin and albumin globulin regions. These accessions will be used for further in-depth studies as possible candidate donors of genes to improve the baking and nutritional quality of wheat. Marked differences in the quantitative relationships were found among the proteins in the five MW regions. Coefficients of variation (CV's) for the highest peak (i.e., most abundant protein) MW in different protein MW regions were similar for A1, A2 and A3, at 11.4, 11.7, and 11.1%, respectively, but only 4.1 for A4, and 10.6% for region A5. The CV for the highest peak MW overall was 29.8. Accession BP0649, for example, had over 44% of its protein in region A5, whereas BP0566 (lowest among the top 10%) had only 21.4% of its protein in that region. Over 37% of the proteins of accessions BP0649 and 0001 to 0005 was in region A5. At least 84 accessions with the highest amount of protein in region A5, and 13 accessions with more protein in region A1 than Chinese Spring may merit further evaluation as possible protein gene donors. High amounts of protein in A1 may be of importance in bread-baking quality, and in A4 and A5 for high lysine wheat. Accessions in both extremes were selected to test these hypotheses. All accessions are now or will be available in the USDA Wheat Collection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288564
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Race-specificity of temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis in Triticum dicoccoides (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust ; minor genes ; temperature-sensitive genes ; resistance ; race-specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four entries of wild emmer possessing temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to yellow rust were studied in the seedling stage, at two temperature-profiles, with 15 pathogenic races from 11 countries in South America, Africa, Asia and Europe. It was shown that the majority of the resistance genes in these wild emmer entries were race-specific. In most of these entries a more resistant reaction was displayed at the higher temperature-profile; however in three entries a shift in reaction towards resistance was observed with certain races but towards susceptibility with some of the other races, suggesting that two different kinds of temperature-sensitive genes were involved in each of these entries. The similarity of temperature-sensitive genes occurring in wild emmer and in cultivated wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037890
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yr15 — a new gene for resistance to Puccinia striiformis in Triticum dicoccoides sel. G-25 (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust of wheat ; yellow rust of wheat ; Yr genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a comparative study of reaction patterns and by analysis of segregation ratios in cross progenies, Triticum dicoccoides Koern. sel. G-25 was shown to possess a yet unknown gene for resistance to yellow rust. It is suggested to assign provisionally the symbol Yr15 to this gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037912
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of stem rust seedling resistance from wild diploid einkorn to tetraploid durum wheat by means of a triploid hybrid bridge (1971)
    Springer
    Euphytica 20 (1971), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Transfer of stem rust resistance from diploid wild einkorn, Triticum boeoticum, to susceptible Mindum and Spelmar, varieties of cultivated T. durum, was achieved by means of a triploid hybrid bridge and subsequent backcrossing to the tetraploid parent. Seedlings of the second hybrid generation segregated for resistance to race 14 of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici which was used as test race in this investigation. The F3 and F4 progenies included segregants which displayed seedling resistance also to races 17, 19, 21, 40, 53, 194, 222, 315 and 322. Since these were the same races which proved avirulent to the T. boeoticum donor but virulent to the T. durum recipients, it was concluded that the full pattern of resistance determined in the wild diploid parent of this cross was transferred to the tetraploid durum-like hybrid derivatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056088
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis in Triticum dicoccoides (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 665-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust of wheat ; stripe rust of wheat ; temperature-sensitive genes ; minor genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-six selections of wild emmer collected at different sites in Israel and three entries obtained from Turkey were studied for the possible presence of temperature-sensitive genes controlling reaction to Puccinia striiformis. In tests carried out in Israel with a local P. striiformis isolate at two temperature regimes, 16 selections showed a change in infection rating toward resistance at the higher temperature regime. In comparable tests performed in the United States with a Montana P. striiformis isolate of different virulence pattern-including 14 of the same selection—ten entries displayed a temperature-sensitive reaction. Although slightly different temperature regimes were used in Israel and the United States, the results obtained were in general agreement. The shift toward resistance observed in the seedling tests at the higher temperature-profile was also evident in the field in the mature plant stage with increasing spring temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021894
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